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Biomedical subjects

Y Harada

Publications and source records attributed to Y Harada.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The indications and results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully achieved in 93% of the patients, who required removal of the gallbladder, in our institution. Other reports have also shown that more than 90% of patients who required cholecystectomy, were candidates for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Serious complications occurred in 2.1% of our series and in 2-4% of the literature. The complications included bile duct injury (around 0.5%) and visceral injury (0.2-0.4%). The incidence of complications resulting from technical failure seems to be higher in laparoscopic cholecystectomy than in conventional cholecystectomy but is acceptable for initial experience. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy will become the standard therapy of gallstone for its effectiveness and less invasiveness.

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic↗
PubMed1993

[A report of successful surgical management of ASD, VSD and PDA associated with partial DiGeorge syndrome in infant].

We report an infantile male case of ASD, VSD and PDA associated with DiGeorge syndrome. The patient who was 58-day old presented the partial deficiency of cell-mediated immunity and normocalcemia before the admission to our hospital. We made semi-emergent operation because of increasing of lung congestion caused by repetitional infection of upper respiratory tract. Direct closure of the ASD, patch closure of the VSD and ligation of the PDA were performed successfully. He was suffered from severe pneumonia caused by MRSA in early postoperative stage. It was effective to give antibiotics and gamma-globulins.

DiGeorge Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Pathogenesis of toxicity with human-derived interleukin-2 in experimental animals.

It should be pointed out that although repeated systemic administration of exogenous rIL-2 in nonphysiological doses to mice, rats, and monkeys produced various toxicity-related exaggerated pharmacodynamic effects in many experimental parameters, pathological findings were substantially similar among all species. Furthermore, because toxicities observed in our studies were identical to those reported in humans dosed with rIL-2, preclinical toxicity using animal models was fully predictive of the pathogenesis of rIL-2 in human. With continuous infusion, which maintained high blood concentrations of the product during the course of the study, rIL-2 constantly stimulated proliferation of lymphoblastoid cells in peripheral blood, subsequently causing vascular leakage, which consists of edema and extravasation of activated lymphoblastoid cells into perivascular areas. The migrating lymphoblastoid cells, identified as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK-LAK cells, caused perivascular and hepatocytic necrosis by means of enzymatic secretions from the cells in association with infiltration into parenchymal tissues. In addition to the stimulation of lymphoblastoid cells in peripheral blood, prolonged daily bolus administration of rIL-2 induced extravasation and infiltration of activated macrophages and B cells in tissues of all organs. Eosinophilia, fibrosis in the subcutis, or pseudolobular formations in the liver could be mediated by systemic release of many other cytokines from activated T cells, i.e., CTLs or LAK cells, B cells, and macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Simultaneous operation of Cabrol's operation and sternal turnover with rectus abdominal flap].

We performed simultaneous operation of sternal turnover and Cabrol operation for a 28-year-old man, who had 3rd grade funnel chest and annuloaortic ectasia with 3rd grade aortic regurgitation. We think when both annuloaortic ectasia and funnel chest are indicated for operation, simultaneous operation is to be considered and the combination of Cabrol operation and sternal turnover with rectus abdominal flap is the best procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of flow cytometric DNA content in primary gastric carcinoma and metastases.

Nuclear DNA contents were comparatively determined by flow cytometry in primary and metastatic lesions from 112 cases with stomach cancer. Aneuploidy frequency and mean DNA index were higher in lymph node metastatic lesions than in primary lesions, both resected synchronously. In these lymph node metastatic lesions, DNA ploidy patterns did not change in 79% (89/112 cases), and did change in 21% (23/112 cases). Concordance of the DNA index between primary lesions and synchronous liver metastatic lesions was seen in 63% (5/8 cases), but the concordance rate was only 25% (4/16 cases) for primary lesions and metachronous liver metastatic lesions and 0% (0/8) for primary lesions and lung metastases. DNA ploidy changes in metastatic lesions were marked in distal metastatic lesions, or more marked in metachronous metastases than in synchronous ones. The results of the present study suggested the possibility of detecting changes in biological characteristics of metastatic lesions by flow cytometric DNA analysis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Metastatic mode of gastric carcinoma by flow cytometric and clinicopathologic parameters.

We used flow cytometric and conventional clinicopathologic parameters to analyse the metastatic mode of cancer in 113 stomach cancer patients. Liver metastasis was frequent in cases with intestinal-type cancer, cancer located in the distal stomach, positive venous invasion and aneuploid cancer. Lung and pleural metastasis (excluding nodular lung metastasis), however, were frequent in cases with serosal invasion and diploid cancer. Peritoneal metastasis was frequently seen with tumors located in the proximal or whole stomach, diffuse-type cancer and cancer with serosal invasion. All cases developing bone metastasis were positive for lymph node metastasis. DNA ploidy was partially related to the metastatic mode of stomach cancer, but this was not the sole parameter for predicting metastasis. However, prediction may be possible if based on both DNA ploidy and clinicopathologic parameters, suggesting the possibility of the prophylaxis of recurrence by appropriate postoperative adjuvant therapy.

DNA, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1992

The effect of endolymphatic sac obliteration on vestibular sensory hair bundles. A high-resolution scanning electron microscopic investigation.

A tannic acid-osmium staining technique and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy were used to demonstrate changes in the glycocalyx and ciliary interconnections of the vestibular sensory cells of guinea pigs after extradural obliteration of the endolymphatic sac and duct. Three months after the obliteration, it was possible to observe degeneration in the glycocalyx and the ciliary interconnections as well as the tip links. These findings suggest that the endolymphatic hydrops causes an endolymphatic ionic imbalance which affects the glycocalyx and ciliary interconnections resulting in further morphological changes of the cilia. The tip links, which are believed to be involved in sensory cell transduction, also seem to be affected.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Ultrasonic exploration of contralateral side in pediatric patients with inguinal hernia.

The width of low echoic region at the internal ring (WLIR) of an inguinal canal demonstrated by ultrasonography was applied in the preoperative diagnosis of the contralateral side in pediatric patients with inguinal hernia. The ultrasonic diagnosis of 39 pediatric patients with inguinal hernia and 38 children without inguinal hernia under 15 years of age were conducted at Hamamatsu University Hospital from April 1988 to January 1989. The WLIR of children without inguinal hernia were within 6 mm in boys under 15 years of age and within 3 mm in girls under 5 years of age. There were no statistically significant differences between the WLIR of the right side and that of the left side, and the WLIR of the following three age groups also demonstrated no statistical significance: under 1 year of age, 1 to 5 years of age, 5 to 15 years of age. On the other hand, the WLIR of the hernia side of pediatric patients with inguinal hernia were significantly wider than that of the contralateral side in boys and girls under 5 years of age (P less than 0.01), as well as in boys 5 to 15 years of age (P less than 0.05). Therefore, we recommend a contralateral exploration for pediatric patients with inguinal hernia when the WLIR is 7 mm or more in boys under 15 years of age and 4 mm or more in girls under 5 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Metastatic mode and DNA ploidy in gastric carcinoma.

We studied the amounts of nuclear DNA in gastric cancer metastases histologically and cytochemically by flow cytometry, which was performed retrospectively on paraffin-embedded specimens from 95 patients. At surgery, all cases of aneuploid cancer were positive for lymph node metastases. Liver metastases were frequently seen in aneuploid cancer (63%, P < 0.01), while lung metastases were the most common in diploid cancer (50%, P < 0.05). The incidence of peritoneal metastasis was high in undifferentiated diploid cancer (72%, P < 0.01). Local lymph node recurrence after surgery was more common in aneuploid than in diploid cancer (P < 0.01). The incidence of bone and distant lymph node metastasis was found to be strongly dependent on tissue differentiation. The DNA ploidy pattern is thus considered to be closely linked to lymph node, liver, and lung metastases in gastric cancer.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1992

Heart rate and body temperature sensitive diaphragm pacing.

Two ways of rate control for diaphragm pacing are proposed. One is rate control using only the patients' body temperature (method I). The other is rate control by both the patients' heart rate and body temperature (method II). To test the effectiveness of these methods, a diaphragm pacemaker which can be controlled by both heart rate and body temperature has been developed. It was applied to nine mongrel dogs. The pacing rate is controlled by atrial blood temperature (method I) or by both heart rate and temperature (method II). The animal's metabolism was elevated by the administration of a pyrogenic drug. It was found that method I is not suited to rapid changes in metabolism; however, it is useful in extreme metabolic elevation. An animal's metabolism was supported by using method II in all ranges of metabolism. This method proved more effective than method I for rate-responsive diaphragm pacing.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of intravenously administered lidocaine on pulmonary vagal afferents and phrenic nerve activity in cats.

The ability of lidocaine to suppress activity of single vagal afferent fiber and that of phrenic nerve was studied in 20 cats anesthetized with pentobarbital. Slowly adapting stretch receptors (SAR, n = 16) and rapidly adapting stretch receptors (RAR, n = 7) were identified by their discharge pattern to pulmonary inflation. Intravenous lidocaine (1 mg.kg(-1) or 2 mg.kg(-1)) produced a suppression of SAR activity but not of RAR activity. Suppression of phrenic nerve activity lasted much longer than that of SAR. These findings indicate that iv lidocaine acts more dominantly on CNS than on peripherals. We conclude that iv lidocaine prevents cough and hemodynamic changes caused by airway manipulation mainly through its action on CNS and not on peripherals (peripheral nerves or their receptor).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Transient myoclonic state with asterixis in elderly patients: a new syndrome?

We report 7 patients who developed acute co-occurrences of fragmentary generalized myoclonus and asterixis. All patients were elderly and had other chronic diseases. This condition appeared acutely, progressed over several hours and then disappeared in 2-3 days with diazepam administration. No sequelae were noted, although most cases developed recurrences. The myoclonus occurred spontaneously and was slightly enhanced by action. The myoclonus was widely distributed but predominated in the neck, shoulder girdle, and upper extremities. Opsoclonus was not noted. Clinically apparent myoclonus was not evoked by sensory stimuli. Asterixis was observed in the upper extremities in all cases. Asterixis-like movements of the protruded tongue were also observed. Neurological findings other than the myoclonus and asterixis were unremarkable. Neither metabolic nor organic abnormalities clearly responsible for this condition were identified. Cerebral potentials preceding the myoclonic jerks recorded in one case suggested that the myoclonus may have been a spontaneous cortical myoclonus. We named this condition a transient myoclonic state with asterixis (TMA). Awareness of this syndrome is clinically important because of its benign nature, although it can recur.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus.

Prospective studies of an infant of a mother infected with hepatitis C virus indicated that an HCV infection developed in the infant in early life. Perinatal transmission appeared to be the most likely explanation.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of spinal cord evoked potential and locomotor function during acute spinal cord compression in cats.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not conductive spinal cord evoked potentials and spinal cord function change correspondingly with each other. The relationship between conductive spinal cord evoked potentials and locomotor function during acute spinal cord compression in animals was investigated. In decerebrate cats, controlled locomotion can be induced by electrical stimuli in the mesencephalic locomotor region. Conductive spinal cord evoked potentials were recorded at the L3 level of the spinal cord and stimuli were given at the T4 segment. The locomotor function was evaluated through electromyograms of the hind limbs. By compressing the spinal cord at L1, both the conductive spinal cord evoked potentials and the locomotor function gradually decreased. When the first negative potential amplitude of conductive spinal cord evoked potentials was decreased to half the level found in normal cats, locomotor function was injured irreversibly. These results showed that changes in the conductive spinal cord evoked potentials were related to changes in locomotor function. The 50% level of the first negative potential amplitude was considered to be the critical level at which irreversible spinal cord paralysis occurred in the cats.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Species dependency of in vitro macrophage activation by bacterial peptidoglycans.

The effect of various bacterial cell wall components on in vitro biological function of murine peritoneal exudate macrophages was evaluated. We examined four different parameters of metabolic activity and monokine secretion. Peritoneal exudate macrophages from rats and guinea pigs, all of the strains tested, were stimulated by whole bacterial cell wall preparations, purified bacterial cell wall peptidoglucans, its water-soluble peptidolglycan fragments, muramyl dipeptides and amphipathic substances. Murine peritoneal exudate macrophages were activated by amphipathic substances of gram-positive bacteria. However, macrophages from mice, irrespective of strains, were not stimulated in the in vitro assay systems by purified bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan, water-soluble bacterial peptidoglycan fragments or muramyl dipeptides. These results suggest that macrophage activation by bacterial peptidoglycan in vitro is animal species specific.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗