Prevention of venous air embolism related to veno-venous bypass during orthotopic liver transplantation.
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Child↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Hara
Publications and source records attributed to Y Hara.
The protective activity of tea catechins against experimental infection by Vibrio cholerae O1.
Tea catechins inhibited the fluid accumulation induced by cholera toxin in sealed adult mice. The catechins also reduced fluid accumulation by Vibrio cholerae O1 in ligated intestinal loops of rabbits. These findings suggest that tea catechins may possess protective activity against V. cholerae O1.
Animals↗
Cystatin activity in gingival crevicular fluid from periodontal disease patients measured by a new quantitative analysis method.
Cystatins are protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, which are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In this study, we report a new sensitive method for the quantitative analysis of cystatin activity in a small amount of crude sample such as gingival crevicular fluid. Cystatin activity in the crude sample was determined by using active site-titrated papain, which is a cysteine proteinase from the plant Carica papaya. Crude samples usually contain endogenous cysteine proteinases. These competed with the added papain for the active sites of the cystatins. The cystatin-cysteine proteinase complex was able to be dissociated by the addition of papain. This competition and dissociation could interfere with the determination of cystatin activity, since some of the cysteine proteinases, such as cathepsin B, hydrolyzed the specific substrate for papain during titration with the papain. In order to exclude this interference and measure total cystatin activity, the crude sample must be alkalinized (pH 11.0) for 5 min at 4 degrees C followed by 10 min at 40 degrees C before titration with papain. The minimum detectable amount of cystatins was 20 fmol/assay when it was calculated per mole of papain inhibitory sites. Using this method, significant levels of cystatin activity were detected in all the samples of gingival crevicular fluid taken from periodontal disease patients. These results suggest that cystatins could regulate the cysteine proteinases in gingival crevicular fluid and that this new method could be useful to clarify the role of cystatins in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
Alkalies↗
A possible mechanism of endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by pirarubicin and carbachol in rat isolated aorta.
The mechanism of endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by pirarubicin, (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, THP, or carbachol was investigated in the rat isolated aorta. The relaxant effect of THP (1.5 x 10(-6)-4.5 x 10(-5) M) or carbachol (10(-8)-10(-4) M) on the aorta with endothelium was decreased by lowering Ca2+ in the medium. The relaxation induced by THP was not inhibited by pretreatment with verapamil (10(-6)-10(-5) M), and that induced by carbachol was only partially inhibited. However, on replacement of all but 20 mM Na+ with either Li+ or choline, the THP- or carbachol-induced relaxation was inhibited. Furthermore, the relaxing effect of THP or carbachol was inhibited by pretreatment with amiloride (10(-4)-3 x 10(-4) M), with ouabain (10(-4)-10(-3) M), or with K(+)-depletion. These results suggest that the THP- or carbachol-induced relaxation depending on endothelium was affected by modifying the calcium ion concentration, and that a Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange process is involved.
Amiloride↗
Inhibitory effects of tiamulin on contractile and electrical responses in isolated thoracic aorta and cardiac muscle of guinea-pigs.
The inhibitory effect of tiamulin, an antibiotic produced by Pleurotus mutilis, on contractile and electrical responses in isolated thoracic aorta and cardiac muscle of guinea-pigs was studied. In the thoracic aorta, tiamulin with an IC50 of 9.7 x 10(-6) M inhibited sustained contractions induced by isosmotically added 60 mM KCl. The inhibitory effect of tiamulin on a Ca(2+)-induced contraction in a depolarized muscle was competitively antagonized by raising external Ca2+ concentration. Bay K 8644 (10(-7) M) antagonized tiamulin's inhibition of the Ca(2+)-induced contraction. Tiamulin (2 x 10(-5) M) decreased the elevated cytoplasmic Ca2+ level measured by the fura 2 AM method in the depolarized muscle. In high K(+)-isoprenaline-treated left atria, tiamulin (2 x 10(-5)-2 x 10(-4) M) produced negative inotropic effects. On the other hand in the membrane action potential of papillary muscles, tiamulin (2 x 10(-6)-2 x 10(-4) M) produced decreases in action potential and durations and 2 x 10(-4) M tiamulin depressed the slow response action potential in depolarized muscles. Tiamulin produced prolongations of the PR interval in ECG, negative chrono- and inotropic effects, and an increase in perfusion flow in guinea-pig isolated and perfused hearts. These effects of tiamulin on the aorta or cardiac muscle were similar to those of verapamil and nifedipine. These results suggest that both the inhibitory action of tiamulin on the high K(+)-induced contraction in the aorta and the negative inotropic effect of tiamulin on the cardiac muscle are due to an inhibition of Ca2+ entry through the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels of cells of both these muscles.
Action Potentials↗
[Protective activity of tea and catechins against Bordetella pertussis].
We examined the bactericidal activity of tea and catechins against Bordetella pertussis. Green tea, black tea and coffee showed marked bactericidal activity at their concentrations in beverages, while pu-erh tea killed the bacteria in a moderate way. (-) Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and theaflavin digallate (TF3) showed also marked bactericidal activity. Green tea and black tea also effectively blocked the adhesion of B. pertussis to HeLa and CHO cells, whereas ECGg and TF3 could not. EGCg and TF3 markedly inactivated leuco-lymphocytosis promoting activity of pertussis toxin. Black tea showed slight but significant inactivation of the activity, whereas green tea showed no inactivation. These results suggest that green tea, black tea, EGCg and TF3 might act as prophylactic agents against pertussis infection.
Animals↗
[Antimicrobial and microbicidal activities of tea and catechins against Mycoplasma].
We examined tea extracts, (-) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and theaflavin digallate (TF3) for their antimicrobial and microbicidal activities against Mycoplasma. Green tea and black tea showed antimicrobial activities against M. pneumoniae. At a concentration of 0.2% green tea and black tea showed microbicidal activities against M. pneumoniae and M. orale but not against M. salivarium. Extracts of pu-erh tea showed a slight microbicidal activity against M. pneumoniae and M. orale. EGCg purified from green tea and TF3 from black tea markedly showed microbicidal activities against M. pneumoniae. M. orale and M. salivarium. These results suggest that tea and catechins can be used as prophylactic agents against Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
Biflavonoids↗
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome without anti-calcium channel antibody: adverse effect of calcium antagonist diltiazem.
A 59 year old man with ischaemic heart disease, developed the clinical and electromyographic changes of the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome after taking calcium antagonist, diltiazem. The symptoms appeared periodically with a rise and fall in serum level of diltiazem. Extensive search was made for systemic neoplasms and autoimmune diseases without success. Serum antibody to voltage operated calcium channel was not detected.
Autoantibodies↗
Regulation of Na,K-ATPase gene expression by thyroid hormone in rat cardiocytes.
Synthesis and activity of the enzymatic equivalent of the sodium pump, Na,K-ATPase, are regulated by thyroid hormone in responsive tissues. The purpose of this study was to determine whether triiodothyronine (T3) regulates the level of the messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for Na,K-ATPase alpha- and beta-subunits in the heart. The expression of Na,K-ATPase mRNAs in in vitro myocardial cells was directly assayed by Northern and slot blot hybridization using Na,K-ATPase alpha- and beta-isoform-specific cDNA probes. Exposure of cultured neonatal rat cardiocytes to 10(-8) M T3 resulted in 1) threefold to fourfold increase in alpha 1- and beta 1-mRNA accumulation, with a maximum elevation at 48 hours, 2) sevenfold increase in alpha 2-mRNA accumulation with a peak elevation at 72 hours, and 3) transient threefold increase in alpha 3-mRNA within the first 24 hours followed by a deinduction thereafter. The increase in alpha 1-mRNA accumulation by T3 occurred over the physiological T3 concentration range with an EC50 of 5 x 10(-10) M. This was associated with a twofold increase in alpha 1-subunit protein accumulation and an increase in Na,K-ATPase transport activity. The half-life of alpha 1-mRNA analyzed by actinomycin D chase was less than 3 hours and was not affected by T3. Transfection experiments with the luciferase reporter gene revealed that thyroid hormone response sequences are located within the 5'-flanking regions of each alpha-isoform gene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
[Effects of drugs on the convulsions induced by the combination of a new quinolone antimicrobial, enoxacin, and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, fenbufen, in mice].
The effects of drugs on the convulsions induced by the combination of a new quinolone antimicrobial, enoxacin, and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, fenbufen, were studied in mice. The combination of enoxacin at 30 or 100 mg/kg, p.o. and fenbufen at 100 mg/kg, p.o. induced convulsions; and the mice died as a result of the convulsions. Pretreatment with either phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid intraperitoneally, or morphine intravenously did not influence the convulsions. A high dose of diazepam or clonazepam prolonged the survival time, but could not prevent the mice from dying. After the occurrence of convulsions induced by enoxacin with fenbufen, administration of the excitatory amino acid antagonist MK-801 at 1 mg/kg, i.v. extended the survival time, even though all the mice died as a result of the convulsions. Simultaneous intravenous injections of MK-801 and diazepam suppressed the convulsions. This suppression was stronger than that produced by MK-801 or diazepam, injected separately. However, no mouse survived at the end. From these results, participation of both GABA-ergic and excitatory amino acidergic systems in the convulsions induced by enoxacin and fenbufen was discussed.
Amino Acids↗
[Effects of analgesic-antipyretics on the spinal reflex potentials in cats: an analysis of the excitatory action of aminopyrine].
The effects of some analgesic-antipyretics on the spinal reflex potentials were studied in spinal cats. Aminopyrine at 25-100 mg/kg, i.v. produced a marked increase in mono- and poly-synaptic reflex potentials (MSR and PSR), and a decrease in dorsal root reflex potentials (DRR) in a dose-dependent manner. The amplitude of DRR decreased by aminopyrine was reversed by diazepam at 0.2 mg/kg, i.v.; however, the increased amplitudes of MSR and PSR were not affected by diazepam. Pretreatment of semicarbazide at 200 mg/kg, i.v. did not influence the increasing effect of aminopyrine on MSR and PSR. DL-5-Hydroxytryptophan produced facilitation of the MSR and PSR. In DL-5-hydroxytryptophan-treated cats, the amplitude of MSR was further increased by aminopyrine. Methysergide at 1 mg/kg, i.v. antagonized this increasing effect of aminopyrine on MSR and PSR. These observations suggest that the excitatory action of aminopyrine may be partly related to 5-hydroxytryptamine and not connected to the GABAergic mechanism. Other pyrazolone derivatives were also studied. Isopropylantipyrine at 50 mg/kg, i.v. produced increases in MSR and PSR. Intravenous sulpyrine at 500 mg/kg, antipyrine at 50 mg/kg or 4-aminoantipyrine at 50 mg/kg did not affect the reflex potentials. The non-pyrazolones, acetaminophen and indomethacin, did not increase the MSR and PSR. These results suggest that the N-dimethyl or isopropyl residue at the 4 position of the pyrazolone structure plays an important role in the excitatory action of analgesic-antipyretics in cat spinal cord.
5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
[Central stimulating effect of the combination of the new quinolone group of antimicrobials and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in mice].
Six new quinolones: enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciproflosacin, lomefloxacin, and tosufloxacin and eight nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: fenbufen, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, pranoprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, mefenamic acid and aspirin were tested for their ability to produce a central stimulating effect in mice. At 5 min after the oral administration of one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a new quinolone was administered orally. The combination of drugs induced convulsions in a dose-dependent manner, and some mice died as a result of the convulsions. The survival time was used as an index to measure the intensity of convulsions induced by the drug combination. The new quinolones in combination with fenbufen at 100 mg/kg produced convulsions in the following order of potencies: enoxacin greater than lomefloxacin greater than norfloxacin. In contrast, administration of fenbufen together with ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, or tosufloxacin up to a dose of 1000 mg/kg caused no convulsions. Four nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs combined with enoxacin at 100 mg/kg also caused convulsion dose-dependently. The order of potency in producing convulsion was as follows: fenbufen greater than flurbiprofen greater than ketoprofen = pranoprofen. However, no convulsions were produced by treatment of ibuprofen, indomethacin, mefenamic acid or aspirin together with enoxacin. From these results, the important chemical structures of the new quinolones particularly concerned with the appearance of convulsion were discussed.
Administration, Oral↗
[Effects of the combination of new quinolones and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, fenbufen, on the EEG of rabbits].
A combination of fenbufen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and the new quinolone produces a central stimulating action. To confirm the action, we used 6 kinds of new quinolones: enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin and tosufloxacin in this experiment. The convulsive effects of these drugs were tested on the EEG recorded from the neocortex and subcortical regions of the rabbits. Animals treated with fenbufen (50-200 mg/kg, p.o.) tended to have a high amplitude slow wave in their EEG. Rabbits treated with the new quinolones at the dose of 100 mg/kg, p.o., with the exception of tosufloxacin, also tended to show a high amplitude slow wave in their EEG. Each new quinolone given 30 min after fenbufen (50 mg/kg, p.o.) elicited characteristic spikes on the EEG. Then, high-frequency-spikes and epileptiform seizure waves appeared for a long experimental period with this combination. The combination of fenbufen and tosufloxacin (100-400 mg/kg, p.o.) caused no changes in EEG and behavior. The spike and epileptiform wave could be suppressed only temporarily with diazepam (1-4 mg/kg, i.v.). These results suggest that combined use of fenbufen and one of the new quinolones, except for tosufloxacin, produces the seizure. Not only GABA but also several other mechanisms in the central nervous system may be involved in the convulsion.
Administration, Oral↗
A monoclonal antibody to the polymorphic determinant of feline leukocytes.
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Animals↗
Distribution of natural killer cells in periodontal diseases: an immunohistochemical study.
We studied the distribution and incidence of natural killer (NK) cells in gingiva affected with adult periodontitis (AP) and rapidly progressive periodontitis (RP) with immunohistochemical methods using antibodies Leu-7 and Leu-11b. The incidence of Leu-7 positive cells revealed no significant difference among mild AP, severe AP, and RP. On the other hand, Leu-11b positive cells were frequently found in severe AP and RP. The accumulation of NK cells reacting with Leu-11b in the infiltrated connective tissue was greater in severe forms of periodontal disease (severe AP and RP) than in mild AP. These results suggest that Leu-11b positive NK cells may play a role in the destruction of tissues in periodontal diseases.
Adult↗
[Reproductive and developmental toxicity study of prednisolone farnesylate (PNF)--study by subcutaneous administration of PNF prior to and in the early stages of pregnancy in rats].
A fertility study of Prednisolone farnesylate (PNF), a newly synthesized corticosteroid, was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats. This compound was administered subcutaneously at dose levels of 0(control), 0.04, 0.2 and 1 mg/kg/day to males for 63 days before mating and during the mating period, and to females for 14 days before mating, through the mating period and until day 7 of pregnancy. Each 24 male and female rats were mated, and females were killed on day 20 of pregnancy to examine their fetuses. 1. In the parental animals, loss of fur or thin fur and incrustation of treated site occurred in male rats treated at doses of 0.2 mg/kg or more and female rats treated at dose of 1 mg/kg, and at the same dose groups, the thinning of skin, atrophy of the thymus and intention of the substance at the injected site were noted. Moreover, body weight gains and food consumption were suppressed in both sexes treated at the dose of 1 mg/kg. 2. Fertility and reproductive ability in both sexes, and estrus cycles in female rats were not affected by administration of PNF. 3. In the fetuses, no embryonic or fetal lethal effect and teratogenic effect were noted. From these results, the no-effect dose levels of PNF on the parental general states, the parental reproductive ability and those of the fetuses are thought to be 0.04 mg/kg/day, 1 mg/kg/day or more and 1 mg/kg/day or more, respectively, under the experimental conditions of this study.
Animals↗
Abscess within a glioblastoma multiforme--case report.
A rare case of abscess within a glioblastoma with an unusual presentation occurred in a 46-year-old female who developed right hemiparesis and seizure. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated hemorrhage which mimicked hemorrhagic infarction. However, the lesions developed ring enhancement. Aspiration showed one to be an abscess, which collapsed by drainage but later re-expanded. The mass was removed, and histological examination revealed glioblastoma.
Brain Abscess↗
Use of ACAID to suppress interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein-induced experimental autoimmune uveitis.
Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU) was induced by immunization with bovine interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) in B10.A mice. The experiments were performed to evaluate whether Anterior Chamber Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID) can be induced by IRBP when injected intracamerally. The results indicate that anterior chamber (AC) injection of IRBP impaired the development of IRBP-specific delayed hypersensitivity and prevented the expression of EAU following immunization with IRBP-CFA. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells obtained from mice that received IRBP into AC suppressed EAU, whether administered prior to or after the uveitogenic regimen. Most important, IRBP-specific suppressor cells from AC-IRBP treated mice when injected into IRBP-EAU mice suppressed and eliminated already established intraocular inflammation. IRBP-specific, ACAID-inducing suppressor T cells act on the efferent limb of the immune response, and represent ideal modalities for treating already established EAU.
Animals↗