[Determination of emodin in caulis Polygoni multiflori and huangshen infusion by TLC-scanning].
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Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
Biomedical subjects
Y H Yang
Publications and source records attributed to Y H Yang.
Abuse of antibiotics in China and its potential interference in determining the etiology of pediatric bacterial diseases.
There is scant information about the etiology and epidemiology of bacterial diseases of infants and children in China because of very little success with bacterial culture. This study describes the severity of abuse of antibiotics among Chinese pediatricians and this abuse's potential interference in determining the etiology of bacterial diseases. According to a survey in Beijing Children's Hospital more than 98% of the patients in the Outpatient Department who were diagnosed with common cold were given antibiotics by physicians. More than one-third of the patients had been taking antibiotics before coming to the hospital. Using a sensitive Staphylococcus aureus assay we found that 70% of blood samples and 43% of cerebrospinal fluid samples from the patients with bacterial meningitis and pneumonia contained antibacterial activity. Bacteria were recovered significantly less often from the samples with antibacterial activity than from those who did not from which antibiotic was not recovered, both in blood (5.3% vs. 12.5%) and in cerebrospinal fluid (2.5% vs. 14.8%). This study indicates that antibiotic abuse is a severe problem in China and that judicious use of antibiotics is urgently needed.
Adolescent↗
Comparison of sublingual captopril, nifedipine and prazosin in hypertensive emergencies during hemodialysis.
Hypertensive emergencies in hemodialysis require immediate therapy, usually by parenteral drug administration; however, sublingual medications may have potential in this special condition. Sublingual captopril (25 mg), nifedipine (10 mg) and prazosin (2 mg) were prescribed to determine the effectiveness and safety of each medication in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies during hemodialysis. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured continuously up to 120 min postdose. The response rates were 83% for captopril, 90% for nifedipine and 11% for prazosin. The significant hypotensive effects of both sublingual captopril and nifedipine occurred at 10 min and continued up to 120 min. The reduction of systolic blood pressure occurred earlier in nifedipine than captopril (10 vs. 15 min). No significant difference in heart rate between them was noted. There were no side effects in the captopril group but flushing, tachycardia and headache were observed in 4 patients of the nifedipine group. We concluded that sublingual captopril and nifedipine were effective but captopril seemed to have less side effects than nifedipine and may be an excellent alternative to sublingual nifedipine in the urgent treatment of hypertensive emergencies in hemodialysis. Prazosin was not recommended because of its low response rate.
Administration, Sublingual↗
The prevalence study on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for the detection of hemophilia A carrier.
We have analyzed two (BclI and XbaI) intragenic restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and St14 (DXS52) variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) by rapid PCR method in 97 unrelated normal subjects. The incidences for positive Bc1I and XbaI polymorphic sites in the Koreans were 81% and 72%, respectively, which were higher than other ethnic groups but similar to that reported in the Chinese or Japanese, giving the heterozygosity rate of 0.32 and 0.40, respectively. The amplified allele size was 880 bp with no other polymorphism in the analysis of St14 (DXS52) VNTR. This finding should be taken into account in the planning of a prenatal diagnosis program for ethnic Koreans.
Base Sequence↗
[Advances in the research on group B streptococcal infections in obstetrics].
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Female↗
Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis for diagnosis of acute bacterial pneumonia in Chinese children.
Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) with H. influenzal type b(Hib) and Pneumococci Omni antisera was performed on serum and concentrated urine and pleural fluid samples from 100 patients with acute pneumonia in Beijing Children's Hospital. Thirty-one patients were investigated by bacteriologic techniques (blood culture and pleural fluid culture). CIE was positive in 29/100 (29%) of cases of Hib, 13/100 (13%) of cases for pneumococci. Overall, bacterial causes of pneumonia were diagnosed by CIE in 41/100 (41%) cases. Antigens were detected in 5/90 (5.6%) serum samples, in 36/87 (41.5%) concentrated urine samples, and in 1/2 (50%) samples of pleural fluid. Only one Hib strain was found by pleural fluid culture. The contamination rate of bacterial culture in this group was high (5/31 cases, 16.1%). Therefore, traditional bacteriologic techniques are of very limited value for diagnosing pneumonia in Chinese children. The results showed that bacterial pathogen, especially Hib and Pneumococci, are very common and important causes of pediatric pneumonia in China.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Transient immunoglobulin M antibody response to hepatitis C virus capsid antigen in posttransfusion hepatitis C: putative serological marker for acute viral infection.
The development of serological assays for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has made specific diagnosis possible. However, markers useful in indicating acute-phase HCV infection have not been identified. By an immunoblotting method, we characterized the IgM and IgG antibody response against HCV capsid antigen in patients with HCV infection. Among 88% of patients with acute posttransfusion hepatitis C recruited in a prospective study, there was a transient IgM antibody response. The IgM antibody appeared shortly after onset of hepatitis (average 3.7 weeks), persisted for several months (average 18 weeks), and then disappeared. In contrast, the IgG antibody persisted long-term once it appeared. Among patients with chronic hepatitis C with milder disease activities (serum aminotransferase increase above normal levels of less than 4-fold), the IgM antibody was negative in the majority (72%). In those with acute exacerbations (aminotransferase increase of greater than 10-fold), about 55% were negative for the IgM antibody. The reactivity of the IgM antibody in the rest was weaker or became negative upon further dilution of serum. The results suggest that IgM anti-capsid antibody may serve as a marker indicating acute or active HCV infection.
Acute Disease↗
Comparison on bioequivalence of four phenytoin preparations in patients with multiple-dose treatment.
In previous pharmacokinetic studies on phenytoin, the authors found that a hybrid parameter, Vd/F, was much higher in Chinese subjects. It could be due to a lower bioavailability (F) of the tested phenytoin preparations and/or a higher volume of distribution (Vd) in Chinese. Therefore, the relative bioavailability of four phenytoin oral preparations, i.e. Dilantin (Taiwan), Dilantin (USA), Aleviatin (Taiwan), and Aleviatin (Japan), were compared in patients who regularly took Dilantin (Taiwan) with their phenytoin plasma level at steady state. Twenty-four-hour area under curve was measured by an HPLC method after substituting the daily dose with each 300-mg dose of the test preparation. The plasma level resulted from Dilantin (USA) was found significantly higher than that from Dilantin (Taiwan). Similarly, Aleviatin (Japan) gave a significantly higher plasma level than Aleviatin (Taiwan). The study in part explained the unexpected high Vd/F of phenytoin in previous studies.
Administration, Oral↗
Detection of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in cervical lesions by in situ hybridization using biotinylated DNA probes.
Ninety-six biopsy specimens were collected for studying the association of specific sequences of HPV DNA with genital warts, precancerous lesions and invasive cervical cancer. Using DNA probes labeled with biotin, 17 of the 22 (77.27%) specimens showing condyloma and 1 of the 14 (7.14%) specimens displaying subclinical papillomavirus infection (SPI) of cervix were found to be positive for HPV 6/11; 4 of 23 (17.39%) specimens of squamous epithelial cervical cancer and 2 of the 23 (8.70%) specimens of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were positive for HPV 16/18. All the 14 specimens of cervicitis were negative for both probes. The HPV 6/11 positive hybridization products were present mainly in the superficial and intermediate epithelium of condyloma and SPI. In invasive cancer, HPV 16/18 were shown more often in cancer cells of infiltrative nests and were focally distributed.
Biopsy↗
Schedule-dependent sphinganine potentiation of retinoic acid-induced differentiation, cell growth inhibition, and nucleophosmin translocation in a human leukemia cell line (HL-60).
Induction of differentiation, inhibition of cell growth, and localization of nucleophosmin in HL-60 cells under the treatment of retinoic acid (RA) were studied. Bright nucleolar fluorescence was observed in control promyelocytic growing cells. The addition of RA in the culture system resulted in time- and dose-dependent induction of differentiation, cell growth inhibition, and nucleophosmin translocation from nucleoli to nucleoplasm. Unlike the control cells, many fewer nucleophosmin-associated preribosomal ribonucleoprotein particles (pre-rRNPs) could be obtained from nucleoli of RA-treated cells. Addition of sphinganine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, facilitated the RA-induced differentiation, nucleophosmin translocation, and cell growth inhibition. Cells treated with sphinganine were more responsive to RA. Differentiation, translocation of nucleophosmin, and inhibition of cell growth occurred with lesser doses of RA or in shorter incubation times in the presence of sphinganine. Significant numbers of HL-60 cells could be rescued from the effects of RA upon the removal of RA after 2-h drug exposure. Pretreatment but not posttreatment of HL-60 cells with sphinganine, however, modulated the reversibility of the effects induced by short-exposure RA treatment. These results indicated that RA therapy can be improved by the pretreatment or the concurrent use of a modulator of protein kinase C activity. Nucleophosmin translocation as observed by immunofluorescence may be a simple and rapid method for assessing inhibition of cellular growth in response to differentiation inducers such as RA in cancer chemotherapy.
Cell Compartmentation↗
Nucleolar protein B23 translocation after deferoxamine treatment in a human leukemia cell line.
Localization of nucleolar protein B23 in HL-60 cells under the treatment by iron chelator deferoxamine (DSF) was studied using indirect immunofluorescence. Bright nucleolar fluorescence was observed in exponentially growing control cells. The addition of DSF in the culture system resulted in time- and dose-dependent induction of protein B23 translocation from nucleoli to nucleoplasm, inhibition of cell growth, DNA and RNA synthesis. The addition of FeCl3 at culture initiation completely reversed the effects of DSF. Furthermore, significant numbers of HL-60 cells could be rescued from the effects of DSF when iron was added back as late as 24 hr after exposure to DSF. Cells resumed their abilities to grow and to synthesize DNA and RNA upon the iron rescue. Protein B23, accordingly, relocated from nucleoplasm to nucleoli. These results indicate the importance of iron for proliferation of leukemic cells and localization of protein B23 in nucleoli. Preribosomal ribonucleoprotein particles (pre-rRNPs) were extracted from isolated nucleoli of HL-60 cells and fractionated on sucrose density gradients. Protein B23 was found to be co-localized with the pre-rRNPs as determined by ELISA assays. No such B23-associated pre-rRNPs or other pre-rRNP fractions were obtained from nucleoli of DSF-treated cells. These results suggest that one of the effects of the anti-proliferative action of DSF is the inhibition of rRNA synthesis in nucleoli. Due to the lack of new synthesis of rRNA in nucleoli, protein B23 loses its binding target and translocates into the nucleoplasm. B23 translocation, as observed by immunofluorescence, may be a simple and rapid method for assessing inhibition of cell growth in response to anti-proliferative drugs such as deferoxamine in cancer chemotherapy.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Studies on the prenatal chromosomal analysis and the changes of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein following chorionic villus sampling.
Transcervical chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed in 174 patients between 7 & 12 menstrual weeks of pregnancy opting for prenatal diagnosis. Advanced maternal age was the most common indication for CVS (39.7%). The sampling success rate was 95.4% (166/174), representing 88.9% at 7 to 8 weeks, 98.9% at 9 to 10 weeks & 92.7% at 11 to 12 weeks gestation. In 139 of 174 patients (80%), successful sampling was accomplished in one or two catheter passages only. Four spontaneous fetal losses (2.3%) occurred. The cytogenetic analysis routinely used was the direct overnight & long-term culture methods which revealed 4 abnormalities (2.4%). To date, 90 of the women have been delivered & all infants are doing well and the remaining 65 pregnancies are continuing uneventually. Maternal serum alphafetoprotein (MSAFP) concentration was determined in 72 patients immediately before & after CVS. A significant increase of 20% or more, comparable to pre CVS levels, was noted immediately after sampling in 56 of 72 patients (77.8%). The increase in MSAFP concentration correlated with the amount of villi sampled (r = 0.498, p less than 0.001) & with the number of sampling attempts (p less than 0.05). Estimated CVS related fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) ranged from 0.005 to 0.1552 ml and in 5 of 72 patients (6.90%) 0.06 ml or more of FMH was noted. Two of the 5 patients had FMH of 0.1 ml or more.
Chorionic Villi Sampling↗
Immunolocalization of phosphoprotein B23 in proliferating and non-proliferating HeLa cells.
Localization of protein B23 in HeLa cells under different growth conditions was studied using indirect immunofluorescence. Bright nucleolar fluorescence was observed in exponentially growing cells. After 3 to 4 days, the initial cell inocula entered a phase of stationary growth as defined by no increments in cell number. The nucleolar fluorescence was then diminished and a general nuclear immunofluorescence was observed. This change in localization of fluorescence indicated that protein B23 had migrated out of the nucleoli during the suboptimal growth conditions. Relocation of protein B23 in nucleoli was observed in cells of stationary growth after treatment with adriamycin or daunomycin at their subtoxic concentrations (10(-10) M). Adriamycin and daunomycin, at their toxic concentrations (greater than 5.0 x 10(-7) M), on the other hand, inhibited cell growth and induced B23 translocation from nucleoli to nucleoplasm in growing cells. These results indicate that both adriamycin and daunomycin exhibit biphasic effects on the proliferation of cells by either stimulation or inhibition depending on the drug concentrations and the growth conditions. B23 translocation, as observed by immunofluorescence may be a simple and rapid method for assessing inhibition-stimulation growth response to anti-tumor therapy.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Effects of Eperisone on Renshaw cells of cats.
Actions of Eperisone (4'-ethyl-2-methyl-3-piperidinopropiophenone; EMPP) on Renshaw cells were investigated on spinal cats. The characteristic high-frequency discharges of Renshaw cells within 20 ms following antidromic ventral root stimulation were depressed while the later responses which follow the earlier responses for 80 ms were enhanced following administration of EMPP. These effects suggest that EMPP has differential effects on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the Renshaw cells.
Action Potentials↗
Photoradiation therapy of animal tumors and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Both animal tumors and human nasopharyngeal carcinoma were submitted to a photoradiation therapy (PRT) trial in order to determine the efficacy and side effects of PRT, as well as to elucidate its mechanism of cytotoxicity. In animal tumors, the inhibition rate was 70%, and of 20 patients, eight achieved complete remission, and ten, significant remission, with an overall response rate of 90%. The blood picture and the values of serum IgG, IgM, IgA, and C3 all remained stable post-PRT. Only three patients developed mild generalized skin photosensitive reactions, and these did not affect subsequent treatment. There was no immunosuppressive effect as evidenced by a tritium-labeled thymidine-incorporated lymphocytoblast transformation assay performed both before and after PRT. Ultrastructural studies at different time intervals after PRT highly suggested that the mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum were among the first organelles to be damaged.
Adult↗
The effect of genetic counseling on performance of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis.
Currently the number of pregnant women who have indications for, but do not receive, prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis is increasing. The purpose of this study was to review the prenatal cytogenetic services and to analyze the effect of genetic counseling on performance of the prenatal cytogenetic test. From January 1987 to July 1988, there were 2,796 deliveries at Severance Hospital, Yonsei Medical Center, of which 126 patients had indications for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis. Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 5 patients (1, monosomy X; 1, trisomy 18; and 3, trisomy 21). Four patients were found in the group who had indications for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis while only one was found in the group who did not (p less than 0.01). The most common indication for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis was advanced maternal age (59%). The prenatal test rate was highest in patients whose indications were a previous child with chromosomal abnormality (100%) and parental translocation carrier (100%). Most (89%) of the patients were tested by amniocentesis between the 16th and 20th week of gestation. The two most common reasons for patients not receiving a prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis were late registration (41%) and absence of genetic counseling (34%).
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
A case of recurrent infantile polycystic kidney associated with hydrops fetalis.
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis is becoming a predominant form of fetal hydrops due to the declining incidence of immune hydrops fetalis triggered by Rh isoimmunization. Infantile polycystic kidney appeared to be related to hydrops fetalis whether it is causal or merely coincidental and may represent another entry to differential diagnoses. Infantile polycystic kidney was diagnosed by an elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) value coupled with an ultrasonographic abnormality scanned as a multicystic mass with ascites in the fetal abdomen antenatally. This study presents a case of infantile polycystic kidney that resulted in a stillborn baby with hydrops fetalis and extensive placental calcification; it was the first case in Korea in which nonimmune hydrops fetalis was associated with infantile polycystic kidney in consecutive siblings by autosomal recessive inheritance in one family. In addition, this paper comprehensively reviews the incidence, etiology, prenatal diagnosis and proper management of nonimmune hydrops fetalis.
Adult↗
[Study on decocting conditions for Pueraria lobata Ohui in qiweibaizhu bage].
Taking the puerarin content---the chief constituent of Pueraria lobata---as the index in the mixed decoction of Pueraria lobata etc, we have adopted the method of orthogon al experiment to explore the best decocting conditions for Pueraria lobata. The results show that a better way to decoct Pueraria lobata is to cut the root into slices of 0.4-0.7 cm, and water 12-15 times the weight of the root and decoct for 30 minutes. It makes no big difference whether the root is soaked or not.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗