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Biomedical subjects

Y H Lin

Publications and source records attributed to Y H Lin.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[An experiment on technology for flow granulating of traditional Chinese medicine].

The influence for flow granulating of traditional Chinese medicine to be taken after being mixed with boiling water: spray air pressure greater than powder granularity greater than inlet, exit temperature greater than wind speed. Optimum condition: inlet temperature 110 degrees C, exit temperature 50 degrees C; spray air pressure 1.0 kgf/cm2; sugar powder granularity: 40-60 eye; wind speed: 1.5 gear. It is necessary to provide reference basis for production by pilot test.

Air Pressure↗
PubMed1989

[Changes of dentin matrices during carious process].

Studies were made on the effects of demineralization with lactic acid or acetic acid on the organic matrices of human sound dentin, and on the changes of the matrices during carious process. When sound dentin was demineralized with 0.5 M lactic acid or 0.5M acetic acid, non-collagenous proteins and a small amount of collagen were extracted. A larger amount of protein containing phosphophoryn was extracted with lactic acid than with acetic acid, whereas when acetic acid was used for demineralization and then followed by an EDTA solution most of the phosphophoryn was removed. Since EDTA will remove phosphophoryn from sound dentin, low level of phosphophoryn in the extract obtained by treating carious dentin with EDTA, suggests that during the carious process a loss of phosphophoryn occurs. The analyses of carious dentin fractionated by the difference of its density showed that the lower density fraction of carious dentin contained a larger proportion of non-collagenous components to collagen. By the dansylation of sound and carious dentin nine dansyl amino acids, such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, proline, valine, leucine and tyrosine, were detected in the sound dentin, and in addition to these nine amino acids isoleucine was found in carious dentin. The amount of the respective dansyl amino acids in the fractionated carious dentin increased with the decrease of density.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia with an optimum combination of tests].

Basing on the analysis of five tests including serum ferritin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation in 92 anemic patients who were classified into iron deficient anemia (IDA) and non-iron deficient anemia by their bone marrow iron status, three models of combination of tests were designed by varying the test combination and diagnostic levels in model 1 and 2 and multiple regression analysis in model 3. The sensitivity and specificity for IDA were 93.7% and 93.1% respectively with the optimum scheme of combination of tests from model 2 in which serum ferritin has more weight than other tests. With the optimum scheme from the model 3 which was the discriminant function, the sensitivity and specificity were 93.3% and 100% respectively when the scheme tests the cases who are not included in the calculation of the function. It will decrease the number of false-positive or false-negative diagnosis due to the complex results of combination of test when the optimum combination of tests is used in the investigation of iron status and clinical work.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1988

Quality improvement of sweet-potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.) roots as feed by ensilage.

1. Sweet-potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.) strips (SPS) mixed with maize powder (CP) in proportions 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, and 7:3 were ensiled for 1, 2 or 3 months. 2. Trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) decreased during ensilage in samples of all treatments while the SPS-CP mixture (7:3, w/w) ensiled for 3 months contained the lowest TIA. 3. SPS-CP (8:2, w/w) dried or ensiled for 2 months, or ensiled for 2 months and dried, were each mixed with twice the amount of control diet (1:2, w/w) to make three diets. These three diets together with the control diet were used for a feeding experiment with rats to evaluate the nutritive value. 4. General composition analysis (including metabolizable energy), fatty acid composition and amino acid analysis (including percentage of essential amino acids) of the samples did not change during ensilage to an extent which could explain the improved performance of rats fed on ensiled diets. 5. Rats fed on diets containing dried SPS-CP (8:2, w/w) showed significantly lower (P less than 0.05) body-weight gain than rats fed on the control diet or ensiled SPS diets, at the end of the 8th week. They also showed enlargement of the pancreas. The adverse effect of SPS was associated with TIA which seemed to be prevented to some extent by ensilage. 6. The possibility that the starch of SPS may also contribute to the adverse effect cannot be excluded at present.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Integration of the DNA of filamentous bacteriophage Cflt into the chromosomal DNA of its host.

It was demonstrated for the first time that filamentous bacteriophage Cflt, which contains single-stranded DNA, can incorporate its genome into that of its host. Evidence in support of the incorporation was obtained from a Southern blot hybridization analysis of DNA isolated from Cflt-lysogenized cells. DNAs from different Cflt-lysogenized cells were purified, and the integration patterns were compared. Because all integration patterns were identical and only one fragment in Cflt replicative-form DNA was missing, it appears that the integration was site specific. Only one complement of viral DNA was integrated per host chromosome. To determine the attachment site on the viral DNA, the physical map of EcoRI, XhoI, SstII, and BglII on Cflt DNA was constructed. Based on this physical map and a Southern blot hybridization analysis of lysogen DNA with these restriction endonucleases, we demonstrated that DNA sequences from all regions of the Cflt genome were represented in the integrated viral sequences. The attachment site on the viral genome was located at 69.2 to 73.8 min on the Cflt DNA.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1987

Cloning and characterization of LOS1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene that affects tRNA splicing.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains carrying los1-1 mutations are defective in tRNA processing; at 37 degrees C, such strains accumulate tRNA precursors which have mature 5' and 3' ends but contain intervening sequences. Strains bearing los1-1 and an intron-containing ochre-suppressing tRNA gene, SUP4(0), also fail to suppress the ochre mutations ade2-1(0) and can1-100(0) at 34 degrees C. To understand the role of the LOS1 product in tRNA splicing, we initiated a molecular study of the LOS1 gene. Two plasmids, YEpLOS1 and YCpLOS1, that complement the los1-1 phenotype were isolated from the YEp24 and YCp50 libraries, respectively. YEpLOS1 and YCpLOS1 had overlapping restriction maps, indicating that the DNA in the overlapping segment could complement los1-1 when present in multiple or single copy. Integration of plasmid DNA at the LOS1 locus confirmed that these clones contained authentic LOS1 sequences. Southern analyses showed that LOS1 is a single copy gene. The locations of the LOS1 gene within YEpLOS1 and YCpLOS1 were determined by deletion and gamma-delta mapping. Two genomic disruptions of the LOS1 gene were constructed, i.e., an insertion of a 1.2-kilobase fragment carrying the yeast URA3 gene, los1::URA3, and a 2.4-kilobase deletion from the LOS1 gene, los1-delta V. Disruption or deletion of most of the LOS1 gene was not lethal; cells carrying the disrupted los1 alleles were viable and had phenotypes similar to those of cells carrying the los1-1 allele. Thus, it appears that the los1 gene product expedites tRNA splicing at elevated temperatures but is not essential for this process.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1986

Characteristics and biosynthesis of membrane proteins of lipid bodies in the scutella of maize (Zea mays L.).

Storage lipid bodies, which are prominent organelles present in the storage tissues of most seeds, have not been subjected to intensive biochemical investigation. In the present studies the major proteins in lipid bodies isolated from eleven taxonomically diverse species were shown to be distinctly different, as revealed by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The lipid-body membrane of maize (Zea mays L.) contained three major proteins of low Mr (19,500, 18,000 and 16,500), and they were chosen for further study. They all had alkaline pI values and behaved as hydrophobic integral proteins, as shown by their resistance to solubilization after repeated washing, amino acid composition and partitioning in a Triton X-114 system. Labelling in vivo with [35S]methionine and translation in vitro using extracted RNA in a wheat-germ system showed that the proteins were synthesized during seed maturation and not germination. The proteins synthesized in vivo and in vitro exhibited no appreciable difference in their mobilities in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (isoelectric focusing and molecular sieving). The most abundant protein, that of Mr 16,500, was shown to be synthesized predominantly, if not exclusively, by RNA derived from bound polyribosomes and not from free polyribosomes. The implication of the results on the biosynthesis of the lipid bodies is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Histologic assessment of resected hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization.

Ten cases of large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (largest diameter, 6.5-15 cm) were surgically resected from 3 to 19 days after transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (TAE) for histologic assessment of the effectiveness. Another two patients, including one with a small HCC (3.5 X 3 X 3 cm) who died of complications, were also studied. The patients' ages ranged from 20 to 64 years, 11 were men and 1 was a woman, and all positive for serum hepatitis B surface antigen. All 11 cases with large HCC were symptomatic before the HCC was clinically diagnosed. Alpha-fetoprotein levels were elevated in ten cases but immediately dropped to normal levels after TAE and resection in eight cases. An effective massive tumor coagulative necrosis of 99% already occurred 3 days after TAE. A necrosis involving more than 95% of the whole tumor mass was demonstrated in eight cases: one was a large HCC taken from an autopsy specimen, and TAE was done three times. This strongly indicates the effectiveness of TAE on the destruction of HCC. However, the presence of viable residual tumors in 11 cases also strongly argues for the necessity for surgical resection whenever it is possible. The failure of a complete necrosis was related to the extracapsular extension, liver invasion, satellite nodules, and portal vein involvement, and probably related to collateral and portal vein blood supply.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Substrate specificities of lipases from corn and other seeds.

Lipases from several seed species were shown to be relatively specific on triacylglycerols containing the major fatty acid components of the storage triacylglycerols in the same species. In a direct comparison using individual triacylglycerol as well as mixed triacylglycerol preparations, highest activities were observed in corn lipase on trilinolein and triolein, castor bean lipase on triricinolein, rapeseed lipase on trierucin, and elm seed lipase on tricaprin. This pattern of fatty acyl specificity was also observed on diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, and fatty acyl 4-methylumbelliferone, although the pattern became less distinct. The seed lipases were inactive on lecithins. Corn lipase was more active on tri- than di- or monolinolein, and released linoleic acids from both primary and secondary positions. As judged from the kinetics of hydrolysis of rac-glyceryl-2,3-stearate-1-oleate and rac-glyceryl-1,3-stearate-2-oleate, and of trilinolein and dilinoleins, corn lipase exerted some degree of preference in releasing fatty acid from the primary than the secondary position of a triacylglycerol. At the primary position, corn lipase was more active on oleyl ester than stearyl ester.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Prognostic histologic features of resected small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Taiwan. A comparison with resected large HCC.

The morphologic features and their prognostic significance were analyzed in 83 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC): 44 of them were of less than or equal to 5 cm in diameter and 39 were larger. This study demonstrated a high prevalence of tumor capsule in both small and large HCCs, 86.4% and 84.6%, respectively. In small HCC, the capsule formation was significantly higher in the liver with cirrhosis (96.9%, or 31/32) than without (58.3%, or 7/12) (P less than 0.003). In both small and large HCCs, the most important histologic parameter influencing the tumor recurrence was the liver invasion. In the small but not in the large HCC, the invasion through the capsule also correlated well with recurrence (P less than 0.05). None of the 19 patients whose HCC were confined by a tumor capsule and did not invade the liver, had a recurrence during the 10 months or longer follow-up period. The significantly more favorable outcome of smaller HCC was related to the lower frequencies of liver invasion (P less than 0.001), portal vein involvement (P less than 0.01), and satellite formation (P less than 0.01). Tumor recurrence did not correlate with the tumor grading, presence of clear cells, liver cell dysplasia, or host inflammatory response. The HBsAg positivity in tumor cells was significantly higher in small (40.9%, or 18/44) than in large HCC (10.3%, or 4/39), suggestive of a gradual loss of the cytoplasmic expression of HBsAg in the tumor cells during the growth of HCC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis: relationship between lung lavage cell counts, chest radiograph, and results of standard lung function tests.

Thirty three consecutive untreated patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, confirmed histologically or by Kveim test, were investigated to correlate cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with clinical features, the chest radiograph, and results of lung function tests. A persistently abnormal radiograph had been observed for one year or more in 26 (79%) and for two years or more in 20 (61%), but only 24% had dyspnoea. Twenty (61%) of 33 patients showed an increased percentage of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, although only eight (24%) exceeded 28%. A moderate increase of neutrophils, up to 12%, was found in 14 (42%). Lymphocyte percentage counts were higher in the group of patients without evidence of radiographic contraction suggesting fibrosis, and this contrasted with higher percentage neutrophil counts in those with contraction. There was also a correlation between the percentages of neutrophils and increasing radiographic profusion scores (p less than 0.001), suggesting that neutrophils may reflect the severity of the parenchymal legions as well as fibrotic distortion, and an inverse correlation with vital capacity (p less than 0.001) and transfer factor (TLCO) (p less than 0.1 greater than 0.05). No significant correlation was found between the lymphocyte counts and radiographic profusion scores, vital capacity or TLCO; but it was noted that all eight patients with high lymphocyte counts (greater than 28%) had radiographic profusion scores less than 12. This study shows that, especially in sarcoidosis with more extensive radiographic shadows of long duration, bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils may be important as well as lymphocytes in clinical assessment of "activity" of disease. These observations are important because they throw doubt on whether the lavage lymphocyte count alone can be used as an indicator of the need to start corticosteroid treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Continuous spectrophotometric assay for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

A simple, continuous assay for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases utilizing a commercially available pyrophosphate assay reagent kit was demonstrated. The method coupled aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity with pyrophosphate-dependent fructose-6-phosphate kinase, aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase, and glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. PPi formation was correlated with the oxidation of NADH, and was monitored continuously by the decrease of absorbance at 340 nm.

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗
PubMed1984

Purification and initial characterization of lipase from the scutella of corn seedlings.

The lipase from the scutella of corn (Zea mays) MO-17 seedlings was purified 272-fold to apparent homogeneity as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. The procedure involved isolation of the lipid bodies, extraction with diethyl ether, DE-52 ion exchange chromatography, and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme had an approximate molecular weight of 270,000 daltons after sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and 65,000 daltons after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The lipase contained no cysteine and its molecular weight in sodium dodecyl sulfate was not reduced by beta-mercaptoethanol. The amino acid composition as well as a biphasic partition using Triton X-114 revealed the enzyme to be a hydrophobic protein. Rabbit gamma-globulin containing antibodies raised against the purified lipase formed one precipitin line with the lipase in a double diffusion test, and precipitated all the lipase activity from a solution.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Lipase activities in scutella of maize lines having diverse kernel lipid content.

The maize lines, Illinois High Oil, Illinois Low Oil, and their F(1) generation contained about 18%, 0.5%, and 10%, respectively, of kernel lipids, which were present mostly in the scutella. We explored to see if the activities of gluconeogenic enzymes which appeared in postgerminative growth were proportional to the lipid content in each maize line. This proportionality was found to be valid in lipase, but the two glyoxysomal enzymes, catalase and isocitrate lyase, were the same in the three maize lines irrespective of the lipid content. The results suggest a difference in the genetic control of the gluconeogenic enzymes and a co-selection for high lipid content and high lipase activity through breeding.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Lipase in lipid bodies of cotyledons of rape and mustard seedlings.

Lipolytic activity was absent in the crude cotyledon extract of ungerminated rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. Dwarf Essex), and increased to a peak at day 4 in seedling growth, concomitant with the decrease in total lipids. About 50% of the lipase activity was recovered in the lipid bodies isolated from the cotyledon extract by flotation centrifugation. Isolated lipid bodies underwent autolysis of internal triacylglycerols resulting in the release of fatty acids. After the triacylglycerols in isolated lipid bodies had been extracted with diethyl ether, the lipase was recovered in the remaining membrane fraction. The lipase had a maximal activity at pH 6.5 on trierucin, trilinolein, or endogenous triacylglycerols, and at pH 8.0 on N-methylindoxylmyristate. The lipase was most active on trierucin and trilinolein, and hydrolyzed the related di- and monoacylglycerols at lower rates. There was little enhancement of the lipase activity in the presence of NaCl, CaCl2, or detergents, and detergents in general reduced the activity. The hydrolysis of trierucin was linear until about 50% of the trierucin had been converted to erucic acid, and there was little accumulation of dierucin and monoerucin. Lipase extracted from lipid bodies isolated from germinated rapeseed of the variety Tower, which contains little or no erucic acids in the storage triacylglycerols, also had the highest activities on trierucin and trilinolein. A comparative study on mustard seed (Brassica juncea) revealed that the mustard lipase possessed characteristics very similar to those of the rapeseed lipase.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1983

Lipase in the Lipid Bodies of Corn Scutella during Seedling Growth.

In the scutella of corn (Zea mays), lipase activity is absent in ungerminated seeds and increases during seedling growth. At the peak stage of lipolysis, about 50% of the lipase activity is recovered in the lipid body fraction after flotation centrifugation. The lipase is tightly bound to the lipid bodies, and resists solubilization by repeated washing with buffers or NaCl solutions. Isolated lipid bodies undergo autolysis of internal triacylglycerols, resulting in the release of fatty acids. After the triacylglycerols in isolated lipid bodies have been extracted with diethyl ether, the lipase is recovered in the membrane fraction. The lipase has an optimal activity at pH 7.5 in the autolysis of lipid bodies, or on trilinolein or N-methylindoxylmyristate. Of the various acylglycerols examined, the enzyme is active only on acylglycerols of linoleic and oleic acids which are the major fatty acid constituents of corn oil. The activity is not greatly affected by NaCl, CaCl(2), or pretreatment of the enzyme with p-chloromercuribenzoate or mersalyl, and detergents abolish the activity. The enzyme hydrolyzes trilinolein completely to fatty acids; during the course of reaction, there is little accumulation of di- or mono-linolein.

Journal Article↗