[Progresses in urology in China, 1995].
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Guo
Publications and source records attributed to Y Guo.
[Correlation between p53 nuclear protein accumulation and mutations of the p53 gene in human esophageal cancer from linxian].
Thirty-three esophageal tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for P53 nuclear protein accumulation, and the results were compared to p53 gene mutations by PCR-direct sequence analysis. A highly significant correlation between the presence of p53 mutations and p53 nuclear protein accumulation was found. Of 33 tumors, 23 (69.7%) that demonstrated P53 protein expression 12(36%) had p53 mutations. Of 12 tumors with p53 mutations, 9 tumors showed P53 intensive nuclear reactivity. The results reported here are consistent with the idea that p53 mutations may be an important biological event in esophageal cancer progression and P53 expression was correlated with p53 gene mutation.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Influence of changing Ca++ concentration in neiguan (PC 6) on the effect of acupuncture treating experimental arrhythmia of rabbits].
We have made two kinds of experimental arrhythmia of rabbits by injecting aconitine and stimulating hypothalamus. Acupuncture could improve arrhythmia, after Ca++ in Neiguan (PC6) was chelated with EDTA solution the effect of acupuncturing Neiguan (PC6) was abolished. It indicates that Ca++ may be the key factor of acupuncture effect and one of the important material bases of the functional activity of meridians and collaterals.
Aconitine↗
(-)-11-Hydroxy-7'-isothiocyanato-1',1'-dimethylheptyl-delta 8-THC: a novel, high-affinity irreversible probe for the cannabinoid receptor in the brain.
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Animals↗
Altered angiogenesis underlying age-dependent changes in tumor growth.
BACKGROUND: Cancer incidence increases with age, but the growth and spread of tumors is often slow and prolonged in the elderly. Transplantable murine tumors grow and spread less readily in older mice and can be used as models to study the effect of host age. Neovascularization is crucial for the growth of solid tumors, and alterations in the host vascular response may underlie the changes in tumor growth occurring with age. PURPOSE: We have used transplantable tumor cells and tumors, and tumor extracts, to better understand differences in the biology of tumor growth and vascularization as a function of host age. METHODS: Englebreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) carcinoma and B16-F10 melanoma cells were injected into C57BL mice of different ages. Tumor growth, histology, and cellular DNA synthesis were compared. Vascularization was determined using basic fibroblast growth factor and an in vivo angiogenesis assay. EHS tumor extracts were assayed for biologic activity in vitro using human endothelial cells and in vivo using mouse EHS-BAM carcinoma and human TSU-Pr1 prostate carcinoma cells. RESULTS: EHS tumors formed larger tumors in young than in old C57BL mice. Rapid tumor growth resumed upon transfer of tumor tissue from old animals into young animals. The rate of DNA synthesis of tumor tissue from old animals in organ culture was lower than in tissue from young animals. Histologically, tumors grown in old animals exhibited a threefold higher ratio of extracellular matrix to tumor cells than those grown in young animals. Tumors from adult animals exhibited numerous small blood vessels; those from old animals contained fewer, much larger vessels. Similar results were observed in young mice fed a reduced-calorie diet. Young animals elicited a greater and more rapid angiogenic response than old animals. Extracts of tumors grown in old animals failed to support endothelial cell differentiation in culture. Tumor cells injected together with such old extracts showed reduced tumor growth in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of growth and morphology of the EHS tumor were altered with age, partly due to a reduced capacity to vascularize the tumors because of a lack of angiogenic factors or the presence of host inhibitors. IMPLICATIONS: Alterations in host factors detected in this tumor model may underlie a variety of age-dependent changes that could influence tumor growth and the repair and regeneration of normal tissue. Reducing the vascularization of tumors represents a potential target to reduce their growth and progression.
Aging↗
Nonanomalous diffusion in Vycor porous glass.
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Journal Article↗
Inhibition of human melanoma growth and metastasis in vivo by anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody.
CD44 is a M(r) 90,000 surface glycoprotein believed to be involved in cell adhesion and migration. We investigated the role of CD44 in tumor growth and metastasis using human melanoma cell lines SMMU-1 and SMMU-2. Both SMMU-1 and SMMU-2 form tumors in the s.c. tissues when injected s.c. in SCID mice but only SMMU-2 metastasizes. Approximately one-half of SCID mice receiving injections of SMMU-2 s.c. develop metastatic tumors. SMMU-2 but not SMMU-1 expresses high levels of the hematopoietic form of CD44 and binds fluorescence-conjugated hyaluronic acid in vitro. GKW.A2 is a monoclonal antibody specific for human CD44 that can completely inhibit the binding of hyaluronic acid to SMMU-2 tumor cells in vitro. Moreover, in vivo injection of GKW.A3 inhibited the growth and metastatic potential of SMMU-2 tumor cells. Administration of GKW.A3 i.v. 1 week after s.c. tumor injection did not inhibit local tumor development but inhibited the formation of metastatic tumors and prolonged animal survival. Therefore, interactions between CD44 on tumor cells and its ligands in vivo may be necessary for tumor growth and metastasis.
Animals↗
Effective tumor vaccine generated by fusion of hepatoma cells with activated B cells.
Fusion of BERH-2 rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells with activated B cells produced hybrid cells that lost their tumorigenicity and became immunogenic. Syngeneic rats injected with BERH-2-B hybrid cells became resistant to challenge with parental BERH-2 cells, and rats with established BERH-2 hepatomas were cured by subsequent injection of BERH-2-B cells. Both CD4+ and CD8+ cells were essential for the induction of protective immunity; however, only CD8+ cells were required for the eradication of BERH-2 tumors. The generation of hybrid tumor cells that elicit antitumor immune responses may be a useful strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
Animals↗
Regulation of prostate-specific antigen gene expression in LNCaP human prostatic carcinoma cells by growth, dihydrotestosterone, and extracellular matrix.
We have examined the role of extracellular matrix (ECM), cell growth, and dihydrotestosterone on the expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) by human prostatic carcinoma cells LNCaP. ECM induced a transient decrease in PSA mRNA even in the presence of growth factors. PSA mRNA, but not actin mRNA, was down-regulated on ECM in a biphasic manner and was not detected up to 48 hr after culture, but was re-expressed after 3 days. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D pretreatment did not prevent ECM-induced down-regulation of PSA mRNA, while actinomycin D-treated cells on plastic maintained stable PSA mRNA levels. DNA synthesis and PSA glycoprotein secretion were also transiently suppressed on ECM. LNCaP growth inhibition correlated with decreased glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA levels. However, the transient growth suppression induced by ECM was not observed with primary endothelial cells on Matrigel. Down-regulation of PSA mRNA by culture on Matrigel was reversible upon transfer to a different matrix substrate. Re-expression was highest on heparan sulfate proteoglycan (4-fold) and fibronectin or collagen I (2-fold) compared to plastic or laminin. Our results indicate that the morphology and proliferation of LNCaP cells may be regulated by the ability of ECM to control cellular differentiation and proliferation.
Adenocarcinoma↗
mRNA accumulation and promoter activity of the gene coding for a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein in Oryza sativa.
The accumulation of the mRNA corresponding to the gene coding for a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein has been studies in rice. The patterns of gene expression obtained are similar to those observed in maize in regions rich in dividing cells such as the meristematic zones of roots. However, the gene does not seem to be induced by wounding as it is the case in maize. This effect is correlated with the absence of sequences present in the promoter of the maize gene and that have been described as responsible for ethylene induction on other plant systems. Instead, the promoter has a sequence that corresponds to abscisic acid-responsive elements and, in fact, HRGP mRNA levels can be two-fold increased in rice leaves by ABA. The genes coding for homologous proteins in two cereal species such as maize and rice appear, therefore, to have distinct mechanisms of gene regulation.
Abscisic Acid↗
Translocation (8;21) in oligoblastic leukemia: is this a true myelodysplastic syndrome?
An 8;21 translocation with trisomy 4 is described in a 36-year-old Chinese woman who presented with an oligoblastic leukemia with myelodysplastic (MDS) features. Progression to acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) occurred 3 months after presentation. She died of septicemia without remission. Through a review of the data in 10 cases of oligoblastic leukemia with t(8;21) in the literature, we make the following comments. (i) Oligoblastic leukemia with t(8;21) represents 2-3% of cases with this karyotype. (ii) Such cases behave in a similar manner to de novo AML. (iii) The presence of features of MDS has no affect on the behaviour of the disease. (iv) Such cases should be treated without delay with intensive chemotherapy.
Adult↗
Endotoxic damage to the stria vascularis: the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss secondary to otitis media?
This study presents animal experiments on endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides: LPS) damage to the inner ear with special reference to the stria vascularis. The experimental group animals (albino guinea pigs) were injected with LPS into the perilymphatic space. Pyrogen-free saline (PFS) was injected into the control group. Strial structural evaluation and hearing tests were carried out before and one, three and five days after treatment. In PFS-treated (control) ears, no significant change was found either in hearing or structure. However, thresholds of N1/P1 were elevated and latencies prolonged in LPS-treated ears. They had severe strial damage mainly to the cellular organelles. The mitochondria became swollen with a disordered, broken, degenerated or absent crest. Secondary lysosomes and autophagosomes increased in number with the presence of medulative inclusions. Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase reactant was obviously diminished. It is concluded that LPS-induced strial ototoxicity produces ion imbalance, causing changes in endolymph composition and energy failure in the organ of Corti and is also responsible for the pathogenesis of inner ear sequelae secondary to otitis media.
Animals↗
Conformational changes of proteins at an interface induced by a supported planar phosphatidic acid monolayer.
Conformational changes of two types of proteins, water-soluble proteins (BSA and myoglobin) and membrane-associated protein (cytochrome c), induced by a negatively charged supported planar phospholipid monolayer were studied. The water-soluble proteins lost most of their ordered secondary structure and formed a random conformation in the initial stage of adsorption, and but in the later stage they retained more of the alpha-helical structure which was their main native secondary structure in solution. The membrane-associated protein, cytochrome c, showed a different conformational change in the adsorption process. In the initial stage, it showed an increase in beta-structures but not random coils. In the later stage, it contained more alpha-helixes than that in solution.
Adsorption↗
Conformational changes of melittin upon insertion into phospholipid monolayer and vesicle.
Two model systems were used to study the conformational changes of melittin upon insertion into phospholipid. The first model system is phospholipid monolayers with different surface pressure. The second one is small unilamellar vesicles at above or below their phase transition temperature. The conformational changes of melittin upon insertion were elucidated by employing a combination of monolayer technique, fluorescence technique, CD, and FTIR. The results showed that melittin adsorbed on the lipid layer surface contains less alpha-helix than its counterpart inserted into the lipid layer. As the penetration depth of melittin increases, more ordered structures (alpha-helix) appear. A possible molecular mechanism underlying melittin insertion is proposed.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Genetic study of indirect inguinal hernia.
We performed a genetic analysis of 280 families with congenital indirect inguinal hernia ascertained in Shandong province. The multifactorial threshold model and segregation analysis were applied to these families to investigate the mode of inheritance of congenital indirect inguinal hernia. Our results indicate that congenital indirect inguinal hernia is not compatible with a multifactorial threshold model, and the frequent vertical transmission and high segregation ratio suggest autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance and sex influence. Through further pedigree analysis of the multiple case families with at least two closely related affected members, we noted preferential paternal transmission of the disease gene, which might suggest the role of genomic imprinting in the aetiology of this condition.
Chi-Square Distribution↗
Immunological detection and quantitation of 10-deacetylbaccatin III in Taxus sp. plant and tissue cultures.
A high-sensitive ELISA method was developed for the detection and semi-quantitative determination of 10-deacetylbaccatin III and its structurally related compounds in crude extract of Taxus sp. plants and tissue cultures. The antibodies were raised in rabbits using 7- or 10-succinyl-10-deacetylbaccatin III-BSA conjugate as immunogen. The working range of the assay was from 0.003 to 1.000 ng (0.09 to 31.33 nM) of 10-deacetylbaccatin III per assay. The cross-reacting material in crude plant extract was examined by chromatographic (silica gel CC, HPLC) and immunoassay methods. Study on the evaluation of cross-reacting material in crude Taxus plant extracts showed that at least 80% of the immunosignal correspond to 10-deacetylbaccatin III in the extract. The ELISA method was applied to investigate the 10-deacetylbaccatin III equivalent content in crude extracts of 19 plants species including Taxaceae, Taxodiaceae and Pinaceae species. The 10-deacetylbaccatin III-like structure was only detected in Taxus and Torreya sp. The results indicate that this immunoassay is a useful tool for the rapid screening of species, varieties or individual plants out of a wide population. The distribution of 10-deacetylbaccatin III equivalent content in 9-month old Taxus plantlets cultivated in vitro as well as in callus culture was investigated.
Antibody Specificity↗
A study on the discontinuation and failure of contraception among newly married couples in Shanghai.
The authors investigate contraceptive failure and discontinuation among newly married couples in Shanghai, China, with a focus on the questions, "What percentage of births is due to contraceptive failure? What socio-psychological and demographic characteristics of a couple are related to the discontinuation or failure of contraception? How do the continuation rate and failure rate of contraception among newly married couples reflect the acceptance and effectiveness of various forms of contraception?"
Asia↗
Putative preneoplastic foci in the human prostate.
Our knowledge of prostate cancer is less well-defined than our knowledge of cancers of other organs. In the colon, for example, morphological criteria to identify carcinomas in situ and some putative preneoplastic lesions are clear; phenotypic differences in the expression of enzymes and antigens are documented in experimental models and are starting to be defined in humans. Experimental models of cancer of the liver and colon show evidence that "enzyme-altered foci" are preneoplastic. In these organs, the "normal" context is much clearer than in the prostate. In contrast, in the prostates of men in the same age range as those who develop prostate cancer, morphological aberrations are almost always present, diverse, and poorly understood. Murphy and Gaeta said that, "in the study of prostatic disease..., almost every aspect remains controversial...[and].... many of the 'known facts' concerning prostatic disease are poorly documented..." While being aware that the definitions of all benign and malignant lesions of the prostate are based on complex morphological criteria which must form the contemporary context for comparisons, our laboratory is searching for markers that will permit the identification of putative preneoplastic lesions in the prostate. In our opinion, these changes will not be found most efficiently, if they are present at all, in long established cell lines, advanced carcinomas, or serially transplantable xenografts of primary prostatic carcinomas. Our preliminary data suggest that several enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical approaches are worthy of study. Markers that show promise include acid phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and CD44.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
5'-Nucleotidase↗