New insights into old common problems. II.
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Diagnosis, Differential↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Guo
Publications and source records attributed to Y Guo.
[Studies on the basis of molecular biology of the phase change of influenza A(H1N1) viruses].
OBJECTIVE: To reveal the basis of molecular biology of the phase change of influenza A (H1N1) viruses. METHODS: Virion RNA was transcribed into cDNA by reverse transcriptase, cDNA amplified by PCR, the products of PCR were purified. Afterward, RNA sequence analysis was performed by the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method, using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide primers. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of the sequencing data was performed with MegAlign (Version 1.03) and Editseq (Version 3.69) software. RESULTS: No special amino acid on HA1 protein molecule determining the influenza A(H1N1) virus with O or D phase feature was found. However, there are differences of amino acid sequences at -2, -7, 130 and 139 positions between H1N1 viruses isolated in or before end after 1995. It is very interesting that since 1995, two different genetic lineages of influenza A (H1N1) virus HA gene have been cocirculating in men in China. One lineage is no any deletion of amino acid on HA1 protein molecule. The other one has a deletion at 130 position. Their amino acid sequences were compared with those of H1N1 viruses isolated before 1995. CONCLUSIONS: There is no special amino acid on HA1 domain protein molecule determining the influenza A (H1N1) virus with O or D phase feature was found. Since 1995, two distinguished genetic lineages of influenza A H1N1 virus HA gene have been cocirculating in men in China.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Further study on the genetic characteristics of a strain of A/PR/8/34/].
OBJECTIVE: Through the test and analysis of nucleotide sequences of seven different RNA segments of the virion to exclude the possibility that A/Guangdong/6/91 (H1N1) strain might be derived from laboratory contamination and to determine how many RNA segments are there with nucleotide sequence difference between A/Guangdong/6/91 (H1N1) and A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) viruses, as well as to determine is A/Guangdong/6/91 virus a reassortant? METHODS: Virion RNA was transcribed into cDNA by reverse transcriptase, cDNA was amplified by PCR, the products of PCR were purified. Afterward, RNA sequence test was performed by the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide primers. RESULTS: There are no nucleotide sequence differences in RNA segments 6 and 7 between A/Guangdong/6/91 (H1N1) and PR8 strains, while there are 20,5, 11, 7 and 6 differences in nucleotide sequences of RNA segments 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 between these two strains, respectively. These differences induce 10, 2, 1, 0 and 4 differences in amino acid sequences on PB2, PB1, PA,NP and NS protein molecules between A/Guangdong/6/91 (H1N1) and PR8 strains, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of laboratory contamination of A/Guangdong/6/91 (H1N1) virus can be ruled out completely. A/Guangdong/6/91 (H1N1) virus is a PR8 like strain, but not a reassortant.
China↗
[Determination of tannin in cotton plant].
Three methods were used to determine the tannins content in cotton plant tssues. The tannin content in different organs and terminal leaves of four cotton varieties at different growth stages determined by the Folin's assay was nearly two folds as much as that determined by acid butanol assay, indicating that the Folin's assay only offers the total phenol content, but is not suitable for determining the content of condensed tannin in cotton. There was no significant difference between the results of vanillin assay and acid butanol assay, and hence, it is feasible to use vanillin assay to test the tannin content in cotton. Determinations at boll stage showed that the content of condensed tannin in calyx, boll shell and leaf was rather high, generally up to 5-10%, while that in petal, stigma, ovary and inner boll was lower (about 2%). The condensed tannin content in terminal leaf continually increased from seedling(< 1%) to boll stage (10% or so), indicating that the increased tannin content is closely related to the maturity, decrepitude and lignification of cotton tissues.
Gossypium↗
Different Wnt-5A gene expressions in the renal cell carcinoma GRC-1 cell line during the cell cycle.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gene expression at transcription level of growth factor Wnt-5A in different phase during the cell cycle. METHODS: We synchronized the renal cell carcinoma GRC-1 cell line by double thymidine blocks and high-pressure N2O gae methods and amplified Wnt-5A cDNAs from different phase using Semi-quantitative RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). The PCR products were electrophoresized on the agrose gel and detected by Gel Doc 1000 computer controlled system integrating the volumes of each band, representing the intensities of all pixels in a defined band. RESULTS: The different mRNA expressions of growth factor Wnt-5A was detected in RCC GRC-1 cell line. In S phase, the highest level of Wnt-5A transcript was observed, and in G1 and M phase, medial and lowest, respectively. The differences between S and M stages were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Growth factor Wnt-5A has the potential effect on tumorigenesis. It contributes to all phases during cell cycle but in S phase especially.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
Gene mutation in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma in a pedigree in China.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic basis of the pathogenesis of a Guangzhou (GZ.1) pedigree with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: DNA fragments of the trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response protein (TIGR) gene from 4 typical POAG patients and 2 normal subjects were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified PCR fragment was cloned into a pT-Adv vector, and direct sequencing was carried out on an ABI-373 automated DNA sequencer using dyeterminator chemistry to detect the mutation. RESULTS: The TIGR gene mutation was identified in the selected subjects of this pedigree. This mutation is a "C-to-T" transition at position 370, different from that of western countries and equivalent to the position change found in Japanese patients with familial POAG. No mutation was found in the TIGR gene fragment in 2 normal subjects of the pedigree. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results provide insights into the pathogenesis of POAG by the TIGR gene mutation, and into the underlying action of the different mutations in oriental and western peoples.
Cytoskeletal Proteins↗
Bilateral papilloedema associated with lumbo-sacral intraspinal tumor.
OBJECTIVE: To study the possible mechanism of bilateral papilloedema associated with intraspinal tumor at the lumbo-sacral level. METHODS: Three cases were reported. Detailed clinical history was evaluated. Patients were followed up for 2, 3 and 5 months after resection of the tumor. Related literature was reviewed. RESULTS: Papilloedema was soon resolved and the level of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) decreased significantly after resection of tumor. These indicated a close relationship between papilloedema, CSF protein and intraspinal tumor. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of papilloedema associated with a lumbo-sacral intraspinal tumor in Chinese literature. The high level of protein in CSF may be the cause of both papilloedema and increased intracranial pressure. In patients with bilateral papilloedema, if no intracranial cause could be found, lumbo-sacral intraspinal tumor should be considered.
Adult↗
Clinical application of radioimmunoimaging with 99mTc-BDI-1 in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical application of radioimmunoimaging (RII) with 99mTc-BDI-1 in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. METHODS: 32 patients with bladder cancer and 5 with normal bladder were studied. RII was performed 1 hour after intravesical administration of 111-222 MBq 99mTc-BDI-1 followed by washing out and perfusing bladder with 50 ml PBS. The radioactivity ratio of target over background (CT/CB) was calculated. RESULTS: The radiochemical purity of 99mTc-BDI-1 was greater than 95%. RII showed radioactive accumulation area for most of bladder cancers but no radio-active concentration for normal bladder. The sensitivity and specificity were 91.7% and 81.8% respectively with the assignment of the positive criterion of CT/CB > or = 1.40. There was no statistical difference in sensitivity between tumors with diameters > or = 1 cm (1.0-4.2 cm) and < 1 cm (0.2-0.8 cm). CT/CB was related to the pathological grade (G1-G3) of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: RII by intravesical administration provides a new noninvasive method for the diagnosis of bladder cancer in morphology and in nature of tumor with high sensitivity and specificity. It may be used for the early diagnosis of bladder cancer, follow-up after surgery, and diagnosis of in situ tumor.
Administration, Intravesical↗
Reporter LacZ gene transfer into cultured ocular cells of human eyes in vitro.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a reporter LacZ gene could be transferred into cultured ocular cells of human eyes in vitro. METHODS: Fibroblast cells of Tenon's capsule, trabecular meshwork cells, and muscle cells in the ciliary body of human eyes were cultured and the pcDNA3-LacZ gene was transferred into these cells using a cationic liposome delivery system. The cells were subsequently fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, mixed with X-gal, then observed under a microscope. RESULTS: Blue stain was seen in the cytoplasm of the cultured cells under the microscope, demonstrating the successful transfer of the LacZ gene into these cells. CONCLUSION: Reporter LacZ gene was easily transferred into the cultured ocular cells in vitro. This provides insights into the transfer of the genes into these cells to study the pathogenesis and therapy of glaucoma.
Cells, Cultured↗
Intravesical immunotoxin as adjuvant therapy to prevent the recurrence of bladder cancer.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the intravesical application of immunotoxin as adjuvant therapy to prevent recurrence after tumor resection in bladder cancer patients. METHODS: An anti-human immunotoxin against bladder carcinoma, BDI-1-RT, was prepared and its in vitro targeting cytotoxicity estimated. The immunoreactivity of BDI-1-RT with human bladder cancer tissue of different grades and stages was detected by immunohistochemical analysis. After safety test, intravesical administration of BDI-1-RT was performed in 31 patients while mitomycin C (MMC) was used in 36 patients serving as a control group. The recurrence rates and side effects in both groups were recorded. In addition, the development of human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) was determined by ELISA, to assess the potential safety of this immunotoxin. RESULTS: In our study, BDI-1-RT had immunoreactivity with 81.6% of bladder transitional cell carcinomas. The immunoreactivity of BDI-1-RT correlated with tumor grade. High-grade carcinoma had stronger staining than low-grade (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the BDI-1-RT group (10%) and MMC group (19.3%) in recurrence rate (P > 0.05). Side effects, including systemic and local, were more frequent in the MMC group (11 of 36 patients versus 2 of 31, P < 0.05). HAMA was not detected in any of 7 patients. CONCLUSION: Immunotoxin may have considerable potential in the prophylaxis of bladder transition cell carcinoma.
Administration, Intravesical↗
[Treatment of ischemic necrosis of femoral head by focal cleaning and bone graft].
OBJECTIVE: To explore a simple and effective method for the treatment of ischemic necrosis of femoral head. METHODS: The anterior region of hip joint was exposed by anterior hip route, a 1.5 cm x 1.0 cm hole was made at the upper region of the femoral neck just below the head. The necrotic bone and sclerotic bone were completely cleaned by drill and curettage until the fresh cancellous bone was exposed. After irrigation, the bone cavity was filled tightly by iliac bone graft until the collapsed femoral head recovered its normal shape. Traction and continuous passive motion(CPM) were performed at the early stage after operation. RESULTS: Twenty cases with 29 femoral head ischemic necrosis (Marcus III to IV stage) were treated by above methods. After 1 to 3 years follow-up, the results were all satisfactory. The pain disappeared, and the functions of the hip joint were all excellent with almost normal walking and squatting. CONCLUSION: The necrotic bone and the sclerotic bone can be removed by this method, thus optimal conditions for the reconstruction of blood supply is obtained. Abundant cancellous bone graft in the residual bone cavity can support the round shape of the femoral head. CPM is very important in the repair of hyaline cartilage and prevention of joint stiffness. It is a simple and effective method in treating femoral head ischemic necrosis.
Adult↗
[Exercise induced asthma].
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Asthma, Exercise-Induced↗
[Progress in the application of cell incubation on research of composite Chinese recipe].
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Animals↗
[Studies on the interaction between interleukin-6 and human renal cell carcinoma cell line GRC-1].
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the effects of IL-6 on the renal cell carcinoma cell line GRC-1. METHODS AND RESULTS: Immunocytochemical staining and RT-PCR analysis indicated that this cell line could express IL-6 both on mRNA and protein levels. Secretion of IL-6 in this cell line was 465 pg/ml, which was identified by ELISA assay. By RT-PCR analysis, we found that GRC-1 expressed IL-6 receptor system including IL-6 mRNA and gp130 mRNA. The rhIL-6 did not stimulate the growth of GRC-1 while the neutralizing antibody did not inhibit its growth. For further identification of the effect of IL-6 on GRC-1 cells, we introduced an antisense IL-6 RNA into GRC-1 cells. Thereafter, the lowered expression of IL-6 mRNA was observed by Northern blot, and the secretion of IL-6 was reduced to 250 pg/ml. But there were no significant growth-inhibitory effects on GRC-1 cells. CONCLUSION: Although GRC-1 could express IL-6, IL-6 R and gp130, the rhIL-6 and IL-6 neutralizing antibody or transducing antisense IL-6 RNA could not change the growth of GRC-1 cells significantly. These results suggest that it is not likely for IL-6 functioning as an autocrine growth factor for GRC-1.
Antigens, CD↗
[A preliminary study of PSA level in 646 healthy men in Beijing].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the levels of total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA) and fPSA/t PSA ratio in healthy men in Beijing and analyze the relationship between age and PSA indexes. METHODS: Serum tPSA and fPSA were measured by electrochemi luminescence immune assay (ECLIA) and fPSA/t PSA ratio was calculated in 646 healthy men of 20 approximately 90 years old. The relationship between age and PSA indexes was analyzed by simple linear regression. RESULTS: In 20 approximately 30 years old cases, t PSA was 0.9 ng/ml +/- 0.6 ng/ml, fPSA was 0.27 ng/ml +/- 0.19 ng/ml and fPSA/t PSA ratio was 0.36 +/- 0.20. In 31 approximately 40 years old group, tPSA was 0.8 ng/ml +/- 0.6 ng/ml, fPSA was 0.22 ng/ml +/- 0.15 ng/ml and fPSA/tPSA ratio was 0.34 +/- 0.25. In 41 approximately 50 years old group, tPSA was 0.8 ng/ml +/- 0.6 ng/ml, fPSA was 0.21 ng/ml +/- 0. 14 ng/ml and fPSA/tPSA ratio was 0.34 +/- 0.23. In 51 approximately 60 years old group, tPSA was 1.0 ng/ml +/- 0.6 ng/ml, fPSA was 0.25 ng/ml +/- 0.15 ng/ml and fPSA/tPSA ratio was 0.31 +/- 0.19. In 61 approximately 70 years old group, tPSA was 1.0 ng/ml +/- 0. 7 ng/ml, fPSA was 0.25 ng/ml +/- 0.18 ng/ml and fPSA/tPSA ratio was 0.27 +/- 0.18. In 71 approximately 80 years old group, tPSA was 1.1 ng/ml +/- 0.7 ng/ml, fPSA was 0.31 ng/ml +/- 0.23 ng/ml and fPSA/tPSA ratio was 0.29 +/- 0.14. In 81 approximately 90 years old group, tPSA was 1.3 ng/ml +/- 1.1 ng/ml, fPSA was 0.4 ng/ml +/- 0.4 ng/ml and fPSA/tPSA ratio was 0.36 +/- 0.17. By univariate analysis, no correlation was found between serum PSA indexes and ages. CONCLUSIONS: The reference ranges of all PSA indexes in Chinese men may be lower than in that western men. There is no correlation between serum PSA indexes and ages. The reference range of 0 to 4 ng/ml used in the West may not be applicable to Chinese patients.
Adult↗
[Beta-catenin and its mRNA in renal cell carcinoma].
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of beta-catenin in renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of beta-catenin in 26 cases of renal cell carcinoma was studied by LSAB immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS: The expression of beta-catenin was higher in cancer tissues than in normal kidney tissues in 25 cases and the level of beta-catenin was associated with tumor stage. The expression was obviously higher in pT3 and pT4 than in pT1 and pT2 (P < 0.01). The expression of its mRNA was not higher in tumor cells than in normal cells. Beta-catenin was expressed mainly in cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: Beta-catenin might be related to the occurrence and development of kidney tumor.
Adult↗
[Expression of Fas ligand in urogenital malignant cell lines and renal cell carcinoma].
OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of Fas ligand in urogenital malignant cell lines and renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: With immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we detected the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) in 6 urogenital malignant cell lines, bladder carcinoma cell lines (T(24), EJ, BIU-87), renal cell carcinoma cell lines (GRC-1, RCC-949), prostatic carcinoma cell line (PC-3M), and 10 cases of renal cell carcinoma. RESULTS: The expression of FasL was detected in 3 (BIU-87, RCC-949, GRC-1) of the 6 urogenital malignant cell lines with immunocytochemistry, and 4 (BIU-87, RCC-949, GRC-1, PC-3M) of 6 urogenital malignant cell lines with RT-PCR method. No expression of FasL was detected in bladder carcinoma cell lines T(24) and EJ. Eight of 10 renal cell carcinoma tissues positively expressed FasL mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: FasL can express in urogenital malignant cell lines and renal cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
[Expression of T cell factor 4 in renal cell carcinoma].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate of the transduction of Wnt/Frizzled pathway in nuclei and the function of TCF4 (T Cell Factor) in renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: TCF4 mRNA are tested through RT-PCR and Northern Blot in renal cancer tissue and renal cancer cell strain (GRC-I). RESULTS: It has been certificated that TCF4 are expressed in renal cell carcinoma, at the same time, there are some different splice of TCF4 in renal cancer. A new 300bp mutant gene are found. CONCLUSION: TCF4, an important molecular of Wnt/Frizzled pathway, takes part in the formation and progression of renal cell carcinoma, different splice of TCF4 is one of the mechanism.
Blotting, Northern↗