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Biomedical subjects

Y Grall

Publications and source records attributed to Y Grall.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Comparative study of gastric emptying of digestible and nondigestible solids in normal man and duodenal ulcer patients].

Few studies have compared the gastric emptying of digestible and non-digestible solids in man. In 9 normal subjects and 16 duodenal ulcer patients, we measured simultaneously and during 3 h, the gastric emptying of: (a) radioopaque pellets (n = 100; volume = 30 mm3) ingested with an ordinary meal (450 kcal, 500 ml) and counted on X-ray series; and (b) digestible solids of the meal (99mtechnetium tagged egg white) detected by an isotopic method. Gastric emptying of liquids (labelled with 113mindium DTPA) was also determined. In normal subjects, emptying rates of the pellets was 5 +/- 2 p. 100 per hour while that of digestible solids was 29 +/- 1 p. 100 per hour (P less than 0.01). No correlation was evidenced between the emptying rates of either kind of solids. Emptying of liquids was faster than that of both digestible solids and pellets. Similar results were obtained in duodenal ulcer patients; no significant difference was found between patients and normal subjects for the three meal phases tested. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that digestible solids are retained in stomach until they are ground, and show that inert particles do not always reflect the gastric emptying of natural solids of the meal.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Air-conditioner disease. Results of an industrial medicine survey (author's transl)].

The results of a survey conducted in a company employing 1850 persons working in air-conditioned premises are reported. One hundred and five persons were examined, including 790 who mostly complained of respiratory disorders and 20 controls. Regular check-ups during the last two years have failed to reveal any serious disease. The most frequent complaints were rhinitis and tracheitis, especially among female employees. No alveolitis was observed. The finding of Bacillus subtilis in samples of ambient air and air-conditioner filters in conjunction with the presence of precipitating antibodies against crude extracts from these samples, suggested that the respiratory disorders might have been due to this microorganism. A multifactorial analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between clinical symptoms and immunological disorders. The air-conditioner disease, therefore, may present as a benign condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Nuclear magnetic resonance. Applications to medicine and biology (author's transl)].

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a non-invasive exploratory technique based on a principle radically different from those of radiography, radionuclide exploration and ultrasonography. Signals coming from atomic nuclei and reflecting their density and chemical/biochemical environment are collected, thus providing information of the physiological and pathological state of tissues. The technique has multiple applications, either practical (tomographic imaging of the brain, thyroid gland and liver) or in the field of research, e.g. investigating ischaemic myocardial areas and pathological fluid composition, measuring intracellular pH, diagnosing the nature of a tumour and, broadly speaking, understanding the biochemical changes associated with malignant degeneration.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1982

[Electro-oculography and the glaucomatous eye (author's transl)].

A study was conducted using precise electro-oculographic measurements and taking into account not only Arden's "ratio" but also the absolute values in 14 cases of open angle and 3 cases of closed angle glaucoma. Results showed that in cases of open angle glaucoma there was an overall increase in base line values which was more pronounced for the minimal value (dark through); in the case of closed angle glaucoma there was an increase in the maximal value (light rise). After surgery there is an overall increase of the base line value in the operated eye.

Computers↗
PubMed1978

The responses of frogs to vestibular and visual stimulation in weightlessness.

The authors, using rotatory visual and vestibular stimulators, propose to perform an experiment to study the effect of long periods of weightlessness on vestibular and visual interactions in frogs. The results will be analysed within the Framework of sensory conflict theory. Preliminary experiments are in progress in order to determine the best method for containments of long duration.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

An apparatus for studying electroretinographic responses under conditions of space flight.

This project has developed so as to include the total range of electroretinographic responses under conditions of space flight. We built two special containers which made stratospheric balloon flights. The second prototype carries the following specifications: Immobilisation of two frogs; Light stimulation by flashes; Special corneal electrodes; Amplification and recording system. There is almost no tissue damage after prolonged observation (several days) of the animals and the electroretinographic responses do not show any significant changes. Such an apparatus could be used as the basis for an assembly to be incorporated into Spacelab.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effect of pentazocine on the evoked potentials recorded in the primary somesthetic cortical areas of guinea pigs.

The influence of pentazocine on the evoked potentials registered in the primary somesthetic cortical area in guinea pigs under pentobarbital anesthesia was studied. The stimulation was applied in the contralateral lip and the evoked cortical responses from different zones on the cortex stereotaxically localized were registered. Pentazocine (5-10 mg/kg i.v.) induced a significant increase in the latency of the evoked potentials as compared with controls. Since morphine does not modify these potentials, the effect of pentazocine is interpreted as being a direct one on the primary pain pathway.

Animals↗