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Biomedical subjects

Y Gendron

Publications and source records attributed to Y Gendron.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cerebral vascular accidents in French Polynesia].

The authors report on the results of a survey on cardiovascular accidents hospitalized between 01 April 1990 and 31 January 1991 carried out in the Services of Medicine and Cardiology in the Territorial Hospital Center of Papeete. This survey was: 56 cardiovascular accidents: 1/4 (hemorrhagic and 3/4 (42) ischemic. Mean age 59 (extremes 23-86). 36 males (64%); 20 females (36%). 50 Polynesians; 6 Chinese people. Among the risk factors recorded, 38 (68%) were hypertensed patients; 17 (30%) were due to tabagism and 15 (25%) to diabetes; 3 (5%) are known to be carriers of a hypercholesterolemia. 59% of the patients had no case history; 25% the cardiovascular accidents have been observed in patients with cardiopathy; 12.5% are recurrent cardiovascular accidents. Clinically, 5 transient ischemic accidents (12%) out of 42 cardiovascular ischemic accidents. High arterial tension was recognized in 12/14 (86%) of hemorrhagic cardiovascular accidents and in 26/42 (62%) of ischemic cardiovascular accidents. In 42 ischemic cardiovascular accidents, 31 patients suffered from cardiopathy (74%) of which 15 (36%) presented an embolic cardiopathy. Interest of echography and electrocardiogram are discussed. Ultrasonic exam of carotid vessels was found abnormal in almost half of the cases when utilized (12/26). Finally, etiological diagnosis was certain in 17 cases, of presumption in 16 cases, and in 9 cases, it was not possible to precise any cardiovascular etiology. Tomodensitometric tests are discussed. 86% of the ischemic cardiovascular accident were treated with anticoagulants/thrombocyte antiagglutination. 24% of the patients died, 50% recovered incompletely and 26% completely.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis of jaundices in tropical practice (author's transl)].

Diagnosis of jaundices in tropical medicine complies with the same rules as in Europe. Some etiologies occur more frequently than in Europe; others, specific to tropical areas require peculiar investigations. Most jaundices observed overseas are hemolytic or hepatitic. Their diagnosis is generally easy. However, chronic viral hepatitis, a frequent infection, requires liver needle-biopsy for a valid diagnosis. The diagnosis of cholestatic jaundice must be conducted in a systematic fashion: if abdominal echotomography is not available, laparoscopy with or without liver needle-biopsy and percutaneous lateral transhepatic cholangiography (OKU-DA's technique) are easily performed in tropical countries and give a certain diagnosis.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ischemic cardiopathies in Africans in Djibouti. Study of 431 cases in 5 years].

Ischemic cardiopathies in Eastern Africans at Djibouti are frequent: 2.9 % of the in patients and 73 % of the cardiac diseases. Male prevalence is marked. Coronary insufficiency is most often demonstrated by the usual symptomatology. Three groups of electrocardiopathic manifestations have been individualised: ischemia proving angor (288 cases), anginose syndromes revealing a myocardic infarct (81 cases), acute myocardic infarcts (62 cases). The patients come for the most part from Djibouti and belong to any social class. The part played by a food mainly constituted of complex glucids, refined sugar and lipids is pointed out. Arterial hypertension, diabetes, essential hypercholesterolemia and tobacco intoxication are the most frequent risk factors. This coronary pathology is closer the one met with in the Near East than ischemic cardiopathies observed in tropical Africa which begin to emerge.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary liver cancer in the tropical environment. Classical and current data].

In most cases, primary liver carcinoma in tropical areas remains an hepatoma. The high incidence of this malignant tumor of the liver in some regions, and especially in black Africa, is still unexplained. As compared with the form found either in the European or in the North-African, this hepatoma shows special features since it occurs in younger people (35 years), follows a bursting-out course and is precipitously associated not to an alcoholic cirrhosis but to a post-hepatitic one. An humoral syndrome leading to a presomptive diagnosis consists of hypoglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipemia, and high blood level of alcaline phosphatases. In 85% of the cases, these tumors secrete an alpha fetoprotein determined by radioimmunoassay. A major etiologic factor is the oncogenous activity of hepatitis virus B which could be either an induction factor or a "co-factor" which would initiate, facilitate or increase the activity of the carcinogen. In this respect, aflatoxin has to be regarded as a "co-factor" too. The best treatment, when it is possible, is an exeresis carried out through a partial hepatectomy. If such a surgical intervention is unadvisable, chemotherapy is the only possibility. Immunization against viral hepatitis has raised hope for the prophylaxis of hepatoma. But it will not be possible to evaluate it before the year 2.000.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Present aspects of peritoneal tuberculosis in Africa (study of 77 cases) (author's transl)].

77 cases of peritoneal tuberculosis recorded in Africa are reported. Ascitic peritonitis is the most frequent clinical form (64 cases). Laparoscopy is the main way, especially in tropical countries, to establish rapidly the diagnosis. Peritoneal white granulations, associated or not to adherences or to a vascular congestion, supported that diagnosis in 68 cases. Laparoscopy allows peritoneal and hepatic biopsies. Systematic peritoneal biopsy was not possible and was performed in 25 patients only with typical tuberculous pathologic lesions in 88 p. 100 of these cases. Hepatic needle biopsy demonstrated the existence of tuberculous follicles in 29.8 p. 100 of the cases and in 12 cases associated lesions such as a macronodular cirrhosis were observed. In spite of a specific treatment 2 patients died of tuberculous dissemination. Control after a long delay was not possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Esophageal cancer in the tropical environment].

UNLABELLED: The esophageal cancer is unevenly distributed within the Tropical regions: while its prevalence rate is high in East and South Africa and in the Far-East, this rate is much lower in West Africa. In most cases, the practitioner will face very evolutive forms, generally out of range of any therapy. In developing countries, efforts must be directed towards three goals: -- EPIDEMIOLOGY: Detection of the predisposing factors such as traumatisms, the use of bethel, kath, tobacco, and, above all, alcohol (beer consumption is steadily increasing in African countries). -- DIAGNOSIS: Development of the endoscopy of the digestive tract. -- SURGERY: Its remains the only therapeutic solution; but it is costly, time consuming and major surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hepatic amebiasis in French Polynesia. 16 cases in 2 years].

Asymptomatic amebiasis in known for long ago in French Polynesia; the presence of Entamoeba histolytica cyst carriers have been shown by several parasitological investigations. But, until now, no hepatic amebiasis case has been reported in this geographical area. An homogeneous series of 16 cases of hepatic amebiasis is reported here. The diagnosis was made by hepatic ultrasonography and confirmed by immunology (Indirect immunofluorescent tests gave always a positive reaction for a dilution of 1/512 or more). Clinical, biological and radiological signs are well known in tropical pathology. Therapy was always conducted with metronidazol by the authors. From the epidemiological point of view, 14 out of 16 cases come from Tuamotu Archipelago. This epidemiological fact appears important enough to carry out systematically hepatic ultrasonography and amebic++ serology for every patient evacuated from this Archipelago to Tahiti. Hence it must be kept in mind the possibility of hepatic amebiasis not only in people living in French Polynesia but also, for the ones coming from over there but living in France.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Historical multifocal tuberculosis in an African (apropos of a case report)].

A case of multifocal tuberculosis, similar to historic description of the disease is reported in a clear skinned African. Lungs, bones and joints (vertebreae, sternum, os coxae), liver and esophagus were affected by the disease. The low level of resistance found in the patient could explain this dissemination. Generally, prognosis is not compulsorily bad if the germ is sensitive to an additional chemotherapy which needs to be sufficiently prolonged.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current status of the physiopathology of pernicious malaria attacks].

The understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria has much benefited from the modern techniques of in vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum and from a better knowledge of the biology of the parasite. The demonstration of the existence of "knob-like protrusions" explains some of the processes giving way to changes in the deep capillaries of viscera and particularly of brain. In a synthetic view one can say that this localized vasculopathy is the main factor of the pathologic changes observed in cerebral malaria.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Liver needle biopsy in evolutive tuberculosis of adult Africans. Report on 142 cases (author's transl)].

Liver needle-biopsy has been routinely performed in 142 Africans, above 10 years, and affected by tuberculosis with various localizations. It gave evidence of specific tuberculous lesions in more than 28,8 p. 100 of the cases and isolated non specific lesions in 40,8 p. 100, the liver parenchyme being normal in 33 p. 100 of the cases. These data are not much different from those obtained in Europe and Senegal in similar conditions of study. This extension of the tuberculous infection has two origins: the much most frequent is relevant to a secundary localization, the other includes the very rare primitive and autonomous forms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Child amoebic dysentery in New Caledonia (author's transl)].

After giving their diagnostic criteria, the authors report 8 cases of amoebic dysentery observed in children, in New Caledonia. The young patients' age ranges from 2 to 8. Clinical symptoms are the same as in adults but anemia and malnutrition are frequently associated to amoebiasis as well as various intestinal nematodes. Serological test has little value in colic amoebiasis but is useful to rule out an hepatic localization. Treatment is easy and effective with metronidazole.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of amibiasis with short-term secnidazole therapy].

The authors have treated: a) 48 cases of E. histolytica histolytica intestinal amoebiasis by a single dose of 35 mg/kg of secnidazole with 98 p. 100 of parasitological success; b) 122 cases of E. histolytica minuta with several procedures: a unique dose of 25 mg/kg gives no success in 16.6 p. 100 of the cases, but the same single dose during three days gets only 2 p. 100 of failure; c) 22 cases of hepatic amoebiasis by a daily dose of 25 to 33 mg/kg during 5 days with success in every cases. Tolerance has been excellent. These short cures, facilitated by the long half-life of secnidazole are particularly easy to apply in developing countries.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Typhoid fever in adult patients in Ouagadougou (analytic study of 124 cases) (author's transl)].

The authors study clinical and evolutive aspects of 124 cases of typho-paratyphoïdic fever carried out in Ouagadougou. Main features are emphasized and compared to series previously recorded in other tropical countries: -the most frequent form is the conventional one with fever-diarrhoea-vomiting, headache and abdominal pain; -10,4 p. 100 of the cases present further complication, with 13 fatal issues, mostly due to acute encephalitis and to the delay reporting to the hospital; -treatment raised no special problem, Eberth bacillus which is the most frequently detected germ, being still very sensible to phenicoles derivatives.

Adolescent↗