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Biomedical subjects

Y Furuya

Publications and source records attributed to Y Furuya.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Epidural anesthesia for the repair of the femoral neck fracture in elderly patients].

For the repair of the femoral neck fracture in the elderly patients, an epidural catheter was inserted immediately after injury and epidural anesthesia was employed to allow radical operation as early as possible. The subjects were 45 patients with a mean age of 81.4 years. Surgical procedures were osteosynthesis and replacement of the femoral cap. The preoperative management of pain included insertion of an epidural catheter at the L2-L4 interspace immediately after injury for injection of 0.25% bupivacaine. The catheter was inserted 1.5 days on average after injury, and surgery was undertaken 1.4 days on average after the insertion. The intraoperative management included epidural anesthesia by injection of 1.5% mepivacaine. The mean duration of anesthesia was 150 min, and the total amount of mepivacaine used during the operation averaged 284 mg. For postoperative management, the epidural catheter was retained for 5 days on average to achieve adequate pain relief. The incidence of postoperative complications was relatively low, and the post operative course was also favorable.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Induction of programmed death/apoptosis androgen-dependent mouse mammary tumor cell line (Shionogi Carcinoma 115) by androgen withdrawal.

Shionogi Carcinoma 115 (SC 115) cells are a cloned cell line derived from androgen-dependent mouse mammary tumor. They can grow in serum-free culture if a physiological level of androgen is present in the medium, but can not proliferate in culture without testosterone. In the present study, the mechanism of cell death in SC 115 cells after androgen withdrawal was examined. Based upon the temporal sequence of DNA fragmentation, morphologic changes and loss of cell viability, androgen withdrawal induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) of SC 115 cells in serum-free culture. Northern blot analysis was used to identify a series of genes whose expression per cell is enhanced during the recruitment of cells from a nonproliferative (i.e. G0) state into G1 (i.e.,cyclins D1 and C), from G1 into the S phase of the cell cycle (i.e., cdk2), and during the programmed cell death pathway (i.e. testosterone repressed prostatic message-2 (TRPM-2), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and glucose regulated 78 kilodalton protein (GRP-78). Expression of TRPM-2, TGF-beta1, GRP-78, and calmodulin genes increases, but that of cyclins C and D1, and cdk2 genes decreases during programmed cell death of SC 115 cells. These results demonstrate that androgen-dependent SC 115 cells undergo programmed cell death induced by androgen withdrawal, and that this death does not require proliferation or progression into G1 of the proliferative cell cycle. SC 115 cells should be a good model for investigating programmed death of hormone-dependent cancer.

Androgens↗
PubMed1995

Specific amplification of Rickettsia japonica DNA from clinical specimens by PCR.

The gene encoding the 17,000-molecular-weight genus-common antigen (17K genus-common antigen) has been cloned and sequenced from Rickettsia japonica. The primer pair used for PCR was designed from this sequence. A 357-bp fragment was observed by amplifying the genomic DNA from R. japonica and also the DNA from blood clots of patients with spotted fever group rickettsiosis. The results indicated that this method is suitable for the diagnosis of spotted fever group rickettsiosis in Japan.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical quantitation for extracellular matrix proteins in rats with glomerulonephritis induced by monoclonal anti-Thy-1.1 antibody.

Extracellular matrix proteins (type I collagen and fibronectin) in frozen histologic sections of kidney cortex from rats with glomerulonephritis induced by a single intravenous administration of anti-Thy 1.1 antibody were quantified using an immunohistochemical micromethod. Type I collagen and fibronectin contents in renal cortex of rats with experimental glomerulonephritis (4.33 +/- 0.79 and 10.41 +/- 2.01 microgram/mg of total protein, respectively) were 262% and 151%, respectively, higher than in control rats given normal mouse IgG (1.65 +/- 0.16 and 6.88 +/- 0.95 microgram/mg, respectively; p < 0.01 in each case). In the glomerulonephritic rats, the increase in the contents of extracellular matrix proteins, especially type I collagen, correlated with increasing glomeruli with expansion of mesangial areas. The increase in type I collagen content correlated well with increasing urinary protein excretion and blood urea nitrogen and serum total cholesterol levels (r = 0.851, 0.812, and 0.837, respectively; p < 0.05 in each case). The decrease in creatinine clearance correlated with increasing content of type I collagen (r = 0.781; p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical micromethod may make it possible to evaluate the histopathological diagnosis of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis quantitatively.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Androgen ablation-induced programmed death of prostatic glandular cells does not involve recruitment into a defective cell cycle or p53 induction.

Proliferating cells characteristically undergo programmed (i.e. apoptotic) death if their progression through the cell cycle is sufficiently perturbed. To determine whether androgen ablation-induced programmed death of prostatic glandular cells involves apoptosis triggered by recruitment of nonproliferating cells into a perturbed cell cycle, rat ventral prostates were assessed temporally after castration for several stereotypical molecular stigmata of entry into the proliferative cell cycle. Northern blot analysis was used to assess levels of transcripts from genes characteristically activated 1) during the transition from quiescence (G(0)) into G1 of the proliferative cell cycle (cyclin-D1 and cyclin-C), 2) during the transition from G1 to S (cyclin-E, cdk2, thymidine kinase, and H4-histone), and 3) during progression through S (cyclin-A). Although levels of each of these transcripts increased as expected in prostatic glandular epithelial cells stimulated to proliferate by the administration of exogenous androgen to previously castrated rats, levels of the same transcripts decreased in prostatic glandular cells induced to undergo apoptosis after androgen withdrawal. Northern and Western blot analyses also demonstrated that there was no increase in prostatic p53 messenger RNA or protein content per cell after androgen ablation. Likewise, after castration, there was no enhanced prostatic expression of the WAF1/CIP1 gene, a gene whose expression is known to be induced in both a p53-dependent and -independent manner during recruitment from G0 into G1. In addition, androgen ablation-induced apoptosis of prostatic glandular cells was not accompanied by retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, which is characteristic of progression into late G1. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated that there was no increase in the prostatic rate of transcription of the c-myc and c-fos genes after castration. These results demonstrate that prostatic glandular cells undergo programmed death in G(0) without recruitment into the G1 phase of a defective cell cycle, and that an increase in p53 protein or its function is not involved in this death process.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Renal responses to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in rats with non-oliguric acute renal failure induced by cisplatin.

This study was designed to compare the renal effects of atrial (A-type) natriuretic peptide (ANP) on control (saline-injected) rats and rats with non-oliguric acute renal failure induced by cisplatin. The results obtained here are summarized as follows: (1) In the metabolic cage study, cisplatin-treated rats showed increases in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine while creatinine clearance decreased to the lowest levels on day 4. A transient increase in urinary protein was observed at day 4. (2) ANP infusion significantly increased urine flow rate (UFR), creatinine clearance (CCr), fractional excretion rates of sodium (FENa) and chloride (FECl), and urinary phosphorus and magnesium (Mg) excretions in a dose-dependent manner without affecting renal plasma flow and fractional excretion rates of potassium and urea in cisplatin-treated rats. (3) Renal effects of ANP on UFR, CCr, FENa, FECl and excretion of Mg were more pronounced in cisplatin-treated rats compared to control rats although markedly blunted responses to ANP have been reported in nephrotic patients and nephrotic animals induced by adriamycin and aminonucleoside. (4) Histological examination showed extensive necrosis of the S3 segment of the proximal tubule located in the outer stripe of the outer medulla with minimal glomerular abnormalities in the kidney of cisplatin-treated rats. In conclusion, the main mechanism of the increased renal responses to ANP is considered to be due to an increased delivery of sodium, fluid and ANP itself to the inner medullary collecting duct which is the major renal site of action of ANP under the condition of acute proximal tubular necrosis by cisplatin.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical microquantification of fast-myosin in frozen histological sections of mammalian skeletal muscles.

Fast-myosin in frozen histological sections was quantified by an immunohistochemical micromethod based on the ELISA. Frozen tissue sections mounted on glass slides were used analogously to the antigen-precoated wells of ELISA plates. The intensity of immunoreactivity of frozen sections to an anti-fast-myosin monoclonal antibody was quantified directly from the color developed with the second antibody coupled with peroxidase using phenol-4-aminoantipyrine as a substrate. Fast-myosin levels in the masseter muscles of pigs, rats, and rabbits were 185 +/- 6, 223 +/- 9, and 178 +/- 12 mg/g of total protein, respectively, and those in the gastrocnemius muscles from cows, pigs, goats, rats, and rabbits were 172 +/- 12, 211 +/- 7, 177 +/- 9, 211 +/- 10, and 205 +/- 10 mg/g, respectively. In the masseter of cows and goats, fast-myosin was not detected. The results obtained by this immunohistochemical micromethod were in good agreement with those obtained by histomorphometrical and biochemical analyses. This immunohistochemical micromethod could be used to quantitatively evaluate the muscle contractile characteristics that determine meat quality.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Development and usefulness of the gelatin-particle-agglutination test for titration of antibodies against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus toxins.

The gelatin-particle-agglutination (PA) test for titrating antibodies against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus toxins was developed and used for assaying 65 sera from healthy children to assess the antitoxin acquisition in relation to the administration of adsorbed diphtheria-purified pertussis-tetanus (DPT) combined vaccine. The antitoxin titers obtained by the PA test and the conventional methods were correlated well; the correlation coefficient of the diphtheria antitoxin titers between the PA test and the cell culture method was 0.908, that of the tetanus antitoxin titers between the PA test and the passive hemagglutination test 0.968, and that of anti-pertussis toxin titers between the PA test and polystyrene-ball ELISA 0.885. The PA test was shown to be useful in both developed and developing countries, since it is simple to perform, sensitive and specific, and the three antitoxins can be titrated by the same procedure.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1995

[Stereotactic radiosurgery using a linear accelerator (LINAC): simulation and positioning].

Stereotactic radiosurgery using a Gamma unit obtains good results for small intracranial diseases, arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and acoustic neurinoma. In stereotactic radiosurgery using a linear accelerator (LINAC), many fundamental problems are to be solved. 1) accuracy of a LINAC, 2) making the collimators for high energy X-ray narrow beams, 3) dosimetry for high energy X-ray narrow beams, 4) irradiation methods for stereotactic radiosurgery, 5) fixation of a patient's head and 6) simulation of a target. The usefulness of our method for simulation of a target and for positioning for radiosurgery was investigated. High energy X-ray narrow beams obtained with the collimators for narrow beams (field sizes: 9mm phi, 18mm phi and 27mm phi) satisfy clinical requirements for stereotactic radiosurgery, as indicated by dose profiles and isodose curves. No dosimetry method for high energy X-ray narrow beams has been established yet. Of the main irradiation methods for stereotactic radiosurgery, the method using multiple non-coplanar converging arcs needs no drastic reconstruction for use with LINAC. A patient's head was completely fixed by the stereotactic frame (Patil stereotaxic system or Leksell micro-stereotactic system). Simulation of a target was performed under CT scan. On CT image, the center of a target was determined and the three-dimensional coodinate on the stereotactic head frame target was settled so that the target would be reached. The three-dimensional coordinate for the target was coincided with the isocenter of a LINA by the laser beams of three-directional pointers. Afterwards, the target position was finely adjusted, by using the target positioner manipulator system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1995

[Difficult adult airway and endotracheal intubation].

In 1984, Cormack and Lehane defined laryngoscopic view in four grades. As the view worsens, the difficulty of intubation may increase but it is not clear. In this study, we examined the endotracheal intubation techniques to the grade III or IV airways. Some 48 patients were determined as grade III and IV. In 26 patients the conventional endotracheal intubation technique (conventional technique) was selected. In 20 patients endotracheal intubation was performed over the gum-elastic bougie (bougie technique). In two patients laryngeal mask airway, fiberoptic bronchoscope and handmade flexible guide tube were used as aids to endotracheal intubation (guide technique). Nineteen patients with conventional technique and 6 patients with bougie technique required the external laryngeal pressure. In conclusion, the grade III or IV airways were not always difficult to intubate. But when the conventional technique failed, the gum-elastic bougie or laryngeal mask airway was a fairly useful aid to endotracheal intubation. Moreover our handmade flexible guide tube made the intubation through the laryngeal mask airway safe and reliable.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Estimation of effective dose from CT examination].

Tissue or organ doses related to radiological risk were determined for four different types of CT scanners with a spiral scan function. Dose measurements were performed using a Rando phantom and two types of thermoluminescent dosimeters. The effective doses recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection in 1990 were evaluated using the tissue or organ doses determined with the phantom measurement. The resultant effective dose per CT examination ranged from 4.6 to 10.8 mSv for chest examination and from 6.7 to 13.3 mSv for upper abdominal examination. It should be noted that the effective dose from CT examination will be increased by increasing in the frequency of CT examinations and technical development of CT scanners.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

The role of calcium, pH, and cell proliferation in the programmed (apoptotic) death of androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells induced by thapsigargin.

Calcium (Ca2+) accumulates within the endoplasmic reticulum of cells through function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-dependent ATPase family of intracellular Ca(2+)-pumping ATPases. The resulting pools have important signaling functions. Thapsigargin (TG) is a sesquiterpene gamma-lactone which selectively inhibits the sarcoplasmic reticulum and endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-dependent ATPase pumps with a 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 30 nM. Treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells of both rat and human origin with TG inhibits their endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-dependent ATPase activity, resulting in a 3-4-fold elevation in the level of intracellular free Ca2+ (Cai) within minutes of exposure. Due to a secondary influx of extracellular Ca2+, this increase in Cai is sustained, resulting in morphological (cell rounding) and biochemical changes within 6-12 h (enhanced calmodulin, glucose regulated protein, and tissue transglutaminase expression, and decreased expression of the G1 cyclins). Within 24 h of exposure, androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells stop progression through the cell cycle, arrest out of cycle in G0, and irreversibly lose their ability to proliferate with a median effective concentration value of 31 nM TG. During the next 24-48 h, the genomic DNA of the G0-arrested cells undergoes double-strand fragmentation. This is followed by the loss of plasma membrane integrity and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. During this process, there is no acidification in the intracellular pH. Using cells transfected with the avian M(r) 28,000 calbindin D Ca(2+)-buffering protein, it was demonstrated that the programmed death initiated by TG is critically dependent upon an adequate (i.e., 3-4-fold) sustained (> 1 h) elevation in Cai and not depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum pools of Ca2+. These results demonstrate that TG induces programmed cell death in androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and that this death does not require proliferation or intracellular acidification but is critically dependent upon an adequate, sustained (i.e., > 1 h) elevation in Cai.

Androgens↗
PubMed1994

[Experimental study of flow rates in microcatheters using various kinds of contrast materials: comparison of imaging capability by iodine delivery rates].

In order to establish the optimal injection technique for abdominal digital subtraction angiography (DSA), flow rate measurement was performed under various combinations of all the currently available iodinated contrast materials with two types of coaxial microcatheters. In vitro study was done utilizing a plastic model of the abdominal aorta with the tip of the catheter positioned at the presumed proper hepatic artery. A total of 20ml of contrast material was injected by a pressure injector at a rate of 3 ml/sec at 300 or 600 psi, and actual flow volume was measured. Imaging capability was evaluated by calculating iodine delivery rates (IDRs). IDRs were highest in iopamidol 300 mgI/ml and iomeperol 300 mgI/ml, nonionic monomeric contrast materials of medium concentration. The results suggest that the best quality DSA images with injection to the proper hepatic artery using a coaxial microcatheter can be obtained with nonionic monomeric contrast materials of medium concentration.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1994

Essential cysteine residues for cyclic ADP-ribose synthesis and hydrolysis by CD38.

We have recently demonstrated that cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) serves as a second messenger for glucose-induced insulin secretion (Takasawa, S., Nata, K., Yonekura, H., and Okamoto, H. (1993) Science 259, 370-373) and that human leukocyte antigen CD38 has both ADP-ribosyl cyclase and cADPR hydrolase activities (Takasawa, S., Tohgo, A., Noguchi, N., Koguma, T., Nata, K., Sugimoto, T., Yonekura, H., and Okamoto, H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 26052-26054). Although the amino acid sequence of Aplysia ADP-ribosyl cyclase exhibits a high degree of amino acid sequence identity with that of CD38, the Aplysia enzyme shows only ADP-ribosyl cyclase but not cADPR hydrolase. In the present study, we introduced site-directed mutations to CD38 and found that C119K- and/or C201E-CD38 exhibited only ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity. Furthermore, Aplysia ADP-ribosyl cyclase into which we introduced the mutations K95C and E176C, which correspond to residues 119 and 201 of human CD38, exhibited not only ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity but also cADPR hydrolase. These results indicate that cysteine residues 119 and 201 in CD38 have crucial roles in the synthesis and hydrolysis of cADPR.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
PubMed1994

Epidermal growth factor-mediated apoptosis of MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells.

MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells lack estrogen receptors, overexpress epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors, and are growth inhibited by EGF. We show that treatment of MDA-MB-468 cells with EGF leads to inhibition of cell proliferation, fragmentation of DNA into nucleosomal oligomers, and the development of apoptotic morphology. This treatment is associated with increased expression of c-myc, c-fos, jun family members, and transforming growth factor beta 1 mRNA and with partial proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and lamin B. The observation that EGF can mediate apoptosis in EGF receptor-overexpressing cells has important implications for clinical efforts directed at the EGF receptor.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1994

Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein in Breast Cancer Tissues: Relationship between Primary and Metastatic Sites.

The expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) at primary and metastatic sites was studied retrospectively in specimens obtained at opreation and autopsy from 11 patients. The anti-human PTHrP monoclonal antibody, 4B3, was used in the immunohistochemical studies. The 11 cases showed metastases to the liver and the lung, and 9 showed bone metastases at autopsy. At primary sites, PTHrP was positive in the 9 cases with bone metastases, while the other 2 cases were negative for PTHrP. Regardless of the intensities of immunohistochemical staining of PTHrP at primary sites, cancer cells at metastatic sites in the liver and the lung were almost all negative for PTHrP. On the other hand, all PTHrP-positive cases at primary sites at operation showed skeletal metastases at autopsy, and the intensity of the immunohistochemical staining of PTHrP was strongly positive at all the sites of skeletal metastasis. These results suggest that while PTHrP is an important factor that causes cancer cells to erode and grow in skeletal bone, the expression of PHTrP is, concurrently, affected by an osseous microenvironment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

[Effective dose evaluation of angiography staff].

The effective doses received by staff members involved in angiographic examinations were determined using data compiled on radiation doses obtained from monitoring personnel and phantom measurements. Thermoluminescence personnel monitors were used to evaluate the personal doses received by the staff during radiological procedures. Organ or tissue doses were determined by using phantom measurements in which a RANDO-woman phantom was used to simulate geometric conditions during actual angiographic examinations. The annual effective dosage received by radiologists was estimated to be 8 to 9 mSv per year when they wore a lead-rubber protector. When this protector was disregarded, their annual effective doses frequently went beyond the annual limit of 50 mSv. The surface dose to the female abdomen per ten months was estimated as 1.7 mSv. Thus, care should be taken by women staff members.

Angiography↗