Biomedical subjects

Y Furuya

Publications and source records attributed to Y Furuya.

355 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

CT evaluation of invasive trophoblastic disease.

We report the use of dynamic CT for the evaluation of trophoblastic disease of the uterus. In five cases showing evidence of persistent trophoblastic disease after evacuation of a molar gestation, contrast enhancement of the myometrium demonstrated several hypodense foci surrounded by highly enhanced areas. These observations were not found in two cases of successfully evacuated hydatidiform mole without sequela. A case of choriocarcinoma showed a large central nonenhanced lesion with peripheral contrast enhancement. Filling defects in a markedly contrast enhanced lesion probably represent hydatids penetrating the myometrium and should suggest invasive mole.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR angiography of thoracic outlet syndrome.

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a disorder caused by neurovascular compression of the brachial nerve plexus and the subclavian artery or vein by bones and muscles. We report the MR angiographic findings of a patient with thoracic outlet syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MRI of intracranial neurovascular compression.

Twelve patients with clinical indications of intracranial neurovascular compression (6, hemifacial spasm; 4, trigeminal neuralgia; 2, vertigo and tinnitus) were studied by MRI. Axial 1 mm thick slices were obtained in a 1.5 T unit using a three-dimensional (3D) fast low angle shot data set of 32 contiguous slices. The data were post-processed with multiplanar reconstruction algorithms to obtain oblique sagittal (along the long axis of a nerve) images or coronal images with a slice thickness of 0.8 mm. The MR angiographic images were also obtained from the same 3D data set with maximum intensity projection algorithms. The MR studies showed that 9 of 12 patients had neurovascular compression caused by one or two arteries. These findings were verified at surgery. In two of the remaining three patients, MRI failed to delineate the affected nerves compressed by a vein in one, and a previously applied prosthesis in the other. In the last patient no neurovascular compression was found by MRI or at surgery.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CT of calcified chronic aortic dissection simulating atherosclerotic aneurysm.

Calcification along the outermost aspect of the aorta usually means atherosclerotic aneurysm. On occasion, however, this peripheral type calcification is seen in chronic aortic dissection and leads to a misdiagnosis. Conventional chest roentgenography and CT of 50 cases of chronic dissection proven by angiography were reviewed. Four of these cases (8%) showed calcification in the outermost wall of the affected portion of the aorta. Two cases were Stanford type A and the other two cases were type B. In type A cases chest roentgenography showed calcification in the wall of the dilated ascending aorta closely mimicking aneurysm. In type B cases, calcification was in the outer wall of a localized hump in the descending aorta. Computed tomography clearly demonstrated that this peripheral calcification was located in the outermost wall of the false lumen. Review of the pathologic literature shows sporadic reports of such phenomenon and a theory of endothelialization of the false lumen. It is presumed that the endothelialized false lumen may develop atheromatous changes much more rapidly than the true lumen since two of four cases showed calcification only in the wall of the false lumen with the intimal flap and the wall of the true lumen remaining noncalcified.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Acquired expression of hst-1 in an autonomous subline (Chiba subline 2) derived from androgen-responsive mouse mammary tumor (Shionogi carcinoma 115).

Since growth of Shionogi Carcinoma 115 (SC 115) and its autonomous subline (CS 2) were regulated by fibroblast growth factor-like peptide, expression of int-2 and hst-1 was examined in these cell lines. Hybridization of genomic DNA with long terminal repeat of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) revealed the same pattern of restriction fragments, showing the same integration of MMTV. Although weak expression of int-2 was noticed in the two cells, clear expression of hst-1 was seen only in CS 2 cultured with/without testosterone. It is suggested that autonomous growth of androgen-unresponsive CS 2 is connected with expression of hst-1.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis during local progression of prostate cancer.

To determine the changes in biological features of the prostate during the course of local recurrence of prostate cancer after endocrine therapy, histologic grade, proliferating activity and apoptotic indices were examined in prostate specimens obtained before treatment and at recurrence. A total of 16 patients, who had received endocrine therapy and eventually recurred in the prostate, were evaluated. Histologic grade was determined by the method of Gleason and the number of proliferating cells and apoptotic cells were counted. Tumors with a high grade Gleason score remained at a high grade. A statistically significant increase in the number of Ki-67 positive cells was observed from pretreatment biopsy to local recurrence. On the other hand, the apoptotic index decreased during progression. Patients with a higher number of Ki-67 positive cells before the initial treatment had a poorer prognosis than those with a lower number of Ki-67 positive cells. In conclusion, prostate cancer shows an increase of malignant potential as assessed by the number of Ki-67 positive cells, whilst the decrease in apoptosis might play some role in the course of progression.

Apoptosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prostate-specific antigen density adjusted for the transition zone for staging clinically localized prostate cancer in Japanese patients with intermediate serum prostate-specific antigen levels.

The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density of the transition zone (PSATZ) in 45 prostate cancer patients who received radical prostatectomy with a PSA value of 4.1-10 ng/ml was determined to see whether PSATZ was useful in the prediction of extracapsular invasion of prostate cancer. The value of PSATZ for the detection of extracapsular invasion was compared with that of PSA and PSA density (PSAD). Thirty-one patients (68.9%) had pathologically organ confined cancer while 14 (31.1%) had extracapsular disease. Patients with organ confined tumor had significantly lower PSAD and PSATZ than those with non-organ confined tumor. PSATZ was superior to PSA when analyzed by receiver operating characteristics curves. In those patients with a cut-off value of 1.0 ng/ml per ml of transition zone volume, the PSATZ had a sensitivity of 43% and a specificity of 90% for prediction of extracapsular extension. The present study demonstrated that PSATZ was superior to PSA as a predictor of extracapsular invasion in intermediate PSA levels. Measurement of PSATZ may be of additional value to indicate the need for radical prostatectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Serum soluble Fas level for detection and staging of prostate cancer.

To evaluate the clinical usefulness of measuring serum soluble Fas (sFas) for differentiation between prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and for staging of prostate cancer, serum sFas and PSA were determined in 38 and 20 men with prostate cancer and BPH, respectively, before treatment. In 17 patients, sFas and PSA were measured one hour after transrectal ultrasound-guided sextant biopsy in order to examine the leakage of sFas into the circulation after prostatic injury. Patients with prostate cancer had a significantly higher level of sFas than those with BPH. The serum sFas level was statistically elevated in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. There was a statistically significant correlation between sFas and PSA in patients with prostate cancer but not in those without cancer. The serum sFas did not change one hour after systematic prostatic biopsy although PSA levels were markedly elevated. sFas levels might be useful as a discriminator between prostate cancer and BPH while sFas might indicate the tumor burden in patients with prostate cancer.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of the breast with Gd-DTPA enhancement: comparison with mammography and ultrasonography.

The accuracy of MR imaging with Gd-DTPA enhancement was compared with mammography and ultrasonography in 52 patients with clinically palpable benign and malignant breast masses (36 carcinomas, 2 malignant phyllodes tumors, 7 fibroadenomas, 7 cysts). On dynamic MR imaging, carcinomas and fibroadenomas were discriminated by their different dynamic enhancement profiles. In carcinomas, signal intensity increased rapidly, reaching a peak or plateau within 2 min after the injection of contrast medium. In fibroadenomas, signal intensity showed a much slower continuous increase without ceasing until about 8 min after injection. Malignant phyllodes tumors showed a dynamic enhancement profile identical to that of benign fibroadenomas. MR imaging correctly identified 84% of malignant tumors, 86% of fibroadenomas, and 100% of cysts, and was substantially more accurate in tissue characterization than mammography. The results of ultrasonography were highly similar to those of MR imaging. However, no single modality was infallible, and the three modalities were complementary rather than competitive. Considering the high cost and long examination time of MR imaging, mammography supplemented by ultrasonography seems to be the method of choice in the diagnosis of breast lesions. Nevertheless, MR imaging can add important information when the results of mammography and ultrasonography are insufficient or contradictory.

Adenofibroma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Apoptosis in androgen-independent mouse mammary tumor cells induced by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine but not by androgen withdrawal.

Androgen-dependent tumors eventually progress to independent tumors after androgen withdrawal. Androgen-dependent SC 115 cells could not grow in serum free culture without testosterone. Androgen-independent CS 2 cells, however, could grow whether androgen was present in the media or not. Based upon the temporal sequence of DNA fragmentation, morphological changes and loss of cell viability, androgen withdrawal did not induce the programmed cell death (apoptosis) of CS 2 cells in serum free culture. However, CS 2 cells as well as SC 115 cells retained the ability to undergo apoptosis with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) treatment. Northern blot analysis was used to identify a series of genes and whether the expressions of these per cell changed during apoptotic pathway (i.e. testosterone repressed prostatic message-2; TRPM-2, transforming growth factor-beta 1; TGF-beta 1, glucose regulated 78 kilodalton protein; GRP-78). Although the expression of these genes was increased in SC 115 cells after androgen depletion, none of the genes were induced by androgen withdrawal in CS 2 cells. During the apoptotic process induced by FUdR, mRNA expression of these genes was increased in CS 2 cells as well as in SC 115 cells. These results demonstrate that androgen-independent CS 2 cells do not undergo apoptosis induced by androgen withdrawal, but retain the ability to undergo apoptosis by FUdR. The apoptotic pathway is same whether the cells are androgen-dependent or independent.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Apoptosis of androgen-independent mammary and prostate cell lines induced by topoisomerase inhibitors: common pathway of gene regulation.

New treatments for hormone-independent tumor are urgently needed since androgen-dependent cancer cells eventually progress to -independent cells after hormonal manipulation. In the present study, etoposide and camptothecin were used to induce proliferation-dependent death of these cells. Each of the agents, at the doses used, induces the apoptosis of AT-3, CS 2, and TSU-pr1 cells based upon the temporal sequence of DNA fragmentation, morphologic changes and loss of cell viability. Northern blot analysis was used to identify a series of genes whose expression is enhanced during the apoptotic pathway. During the apoptotic process induced by the agents, expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 increased. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the treatment resulted in a block in G2/M of the cell cycle. These results demonstrate that these cells retain the ability to undergo apoptosis by etoposide and camptothecin, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor plays some role during apoptotic pathway.

Androgens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Enhanced expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in apoptosis of androgen-independent prostatic cancer cell line induced by calcium ionophore.

In order to examine the relationship between apoptosis of androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells and cell cycle-associated proteins, TSU-pr1 human prostatic cancer cells were chronically exposed in vitro to the calcium ionophore ionomycin to sustain an elevation in their intracellular free calcium concentration. Temporal analysis demonstrated that the death of these cells does not require cell proliferation and involves fragmentation of genomic DNA into nucleosome sized pieces. Morphological analysis demonstrated that this death process is via apoptosis. During the apoptotic process induced by ionomycin, expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 increased. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the treatment resulted in a block in G0/G1 of the cell cycle. These results demonstrate that even nonproliferating androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells can be induced to undergo apoptosis if a modest elevation in the intracellular free calcium is sustained for a sufficient time. p27Kip1 protein is a candidate for the cell cycle regulator in ionomycin-treated TSU-pr1 cells.

Androgens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Apoptosis of androgen-independent prostate cell line induced by inhibition of fatty acid synthesis.

Androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells eventually progress to androgen -independent cells after hormonal manipulation. Due to chemotherapeutic drug resistance and toxic side effects, new targets for antineoplastic therapy are urgently needed. In the present study, cerulenin, a fatty acid synthase inhibitor, was used to induce the death of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Cerulenin induces the apoptosis of TSU-prl cells based upon the temporal sequence of DNA fragmentation, morphologic changes and loss of cell viability. During apoptotic process induced by the agents, expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 increased, whereas expression of cyclin D1 decreased. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the treatment resulted in a block in G2/M of the cell cycle. These results demonstrated that inhibition of fatty acid synthesis could be a target to treat hormone-independent prostate cancer cells via apoptosis, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors played some role during apoptotic pathway.

Androgens↗