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Biomedical subjects

Y Fukui

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fukui.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

Differential requirement of MHC class II molecules expressed on hematopoietic cells for positive selection of CD4+ thymocytes in TCR alpha beta and TCR beta transgenic mice.

To address whether expression of the relevant MHC molecules on thymic epithelial cells (TEC) is sufficient for positive selection, the fate of CD4+ T cells directed by the DR alpha E beta b molecule was compared between two lines of HLA-DRA transgenic mice, DR alpha-24 expressing DR alpha E beta b on TEC and hematopoietic cells, and DR alpha-30 expressing the molecule on TEC but not on other cell lineages. CD4+ T cells were selected to mature on DR alpha E beta b molecules in both lines deficient for the endogenous MHC class I and class II molecules, whereas CD4+ T cell differentiation in DR alpha-30, as compared with that in DR alpha-24, was severely impaired when these mice were crossed with mice transgenic for the DR alpha E beta b-restricted alpha beta TCR. In contrast, CD4+ T cells expressing the same TCR alpha beta as the transgenes were selected to mature in DR alpha-30 crossed with the single TCR beta transgenic mice. Taken together, these results indicate that the restricted expression of DR alpha E beta b on TEC is sufficient for positive selection in the TCR beta and non-TCR transgenic mice, but the expression on both TEC and hematopoietic cells is required for that in the TCR alpha beta transgenic mice. In the light of the difference in the developmental stage at which alpha beta TCR are expressed between TCR alpha beta and TCR beta transgenic mice, the interaction of the TCR alpha beta with DR alpha E beta b molecules expressed on hematopoietic cells required for positive selection in TCR alpha beta transgenic mice could be mapped to the early stage of T cell differentiation and might mimic 'undefined' early signaling of thymocytes in physiological T cell differentiation.

Animals↗

Sequential changes of urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline as markers of metastatic bone tumor in patients with prostate cancer: a preliminary study.

Urinary concentration of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline, novel markers of bone resorption, was measured serially in patients with prostate cancer as markers of metastatic bone tumor. In 11 patients, five without bone metastasis and six with bone metastasis, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline were serially monitored for between 6 and 24 months. All patients received some hormonal therapy with or without radical prostatectomy. Pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline were measured by ion-paired high-performance liquid chromatography and were adjusted according to urinary creatinine concentration. The sequential changes of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline were compared with those of prostatic specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase as well as with the findings of bone scintigrams. During the observation periods, no metastatic bone lesion developed and no significant changes in pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline occurred in the five patients without bone metastasis. In the six patients with bone metastasis, the levels of prostatic-specific antigen showed relatively rapid decreases after starting therapy. In contrast, the levels of pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline and alkaline phosphatase showed transient increases followed by gradual decreases in most cases. Correlations were observed between the changes of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline and the findings of bone scintigrams. The data suggest that serial monitoring of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline could be clinically useful as markers of metastatic bone tumors and may allow less frequent bone scintigrams during patient followup.

Aged↗

Acute regulation by dietary phosphate of the sodium-dependent phosphate transporter (NaP(i)-2) in rat kidney.

Alteration of the dietary intake of phosphate (P(i)) leads to rapid changes in renal P(i) transport activity. The present study, examined the underlying cellular mechanisms of the rapid regulation, with special reference to renal P(i) cotransporter. Rats were fed either a low-P(i) (0.02%) diet (CLP rats), the low-P(i) diet followed by a high-P(i) (1.2%) diet (AHP rats), or a normal (0.6%) diet (control rats). Na(+)-dependent P(i) transport activity in the brush border membrane was significantly increased in CLP rats compared with control rats, and this activity decreased rapidly within 2 h after the change of diet in AHP rats. Kinetic analysis of P(i) transport in the AHP rats indicated that the reduction was accompanied by a decrease in the apparent Vmax for Na(+)-dependent P(i) uptake. Northern blot analysis showed no difference in the abundance of NaP(i)-2 mRNA of the kidney between AHP and CLP rats. In contrast, Western blot analysis of renal brush border membrane proteins of AHP rats indicated a significant decrease in the abundance of NaP(i)-2 protein as compared with CLP rats. Immunoreactive signals for NaP(i)-2 were detected in lysosomal fractions of AHP and CLP rats. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that, NaP(i)-2 immunoreactivity in AHP rats was largely reduced in the apical membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. Neither cycloheximide nor actinomycin D affected high-P(i)-induced reduction of NaP(i)-2 protein in the brush border membrane of AHP rats, indicating that de novo protein synthesis of an unidentified regulator protein was not involved in the mechanism of this reduction. In contrast, treatment with colchicine, which disrupts microtubulers, abolished the effect of high-P(i) diet on NaP(i)-2 expression. These results suggested that rapid endocytotic internalization of NaP(i)-2 may occur specifically in the brush border membrane following an acute increase in dietary P(i) intake.

Animals↗

Factors affecting in vitro maturation of minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) follicular oocytes.

Factors affecting in vitro maturation (IVM) of minke whale (Balaenopetra acutorostrata) follicular oocytes were investigated. In experiment 1, recovery rates for oocytes from follicles of different sizes (small, 1-5 mm; medium, 6-10 mm; large, > or = 11 mm) were similar in both immature (54.7%) and mature (53.5%) females, and the follicular sizes did not affect recovery rate. Approximately half the oocytes recovered from small follicles in immature (55.5%) and mature (52.1%) whales were surrounded by at least a few layers of cumulus cells. Before culture, 71.7% and 61.2% of oocytes from immature and mature whales, respectively, were at the germinal vesicle stage. For IVM, effects of serum type, hormones, and additional cumulus cells (experiment 2) and effects of culture durations (24-120 h, experiment 3) were investigated. The three factors investigated in experiment 2 did not affect maturation rates. TCM199 supplemented with fetal whale serum, hormones, and additional cumulus cells showed the highest rate (21.6%) of matured oocytes and resulted in a significant difference from the rate in medium with only fetal calf serum added (6.6%). The first oocyte with an extruded polar body was observed after 84 h of culture. The maximum rate (27.3%) of matured oocytes was obtained by 96 h of culture, but there was no significant difference in the proportions of matured oocytes between 90 and 120 h in culture. These results indicate that in vitro nuclear maturation of immature follicular oocytes in minke whales can be induced.

Animals↗

An immunohistochemical study of radial glial cells in the mouse brain prenatally exposed to gamma-irradiation.

The features of a glial cell population in the developing brain of mice prenatally exposed to 60Co gamma-irradiation at the most radiosensitive stage were studied with immunohistochemistry for anti-midkine (MK), anti-vimentin (Vim), and anti-GFAP antibodies. Anti-MK- and anti-Vim-positive radial glial fibers distributed in a similar radial fashion; these fibers were observed primarily in the embryonic period and disappeared after birth. Anti-MK- and anti-Vim-stained radial fibers ran perpendicular to the pial surface in controls, whereas such fibers were disorganized 6 hours (h) after irradiation. This finding provided new evidence that the migratory pathways of young neurons were interrupted beginning a few hours after irradiation. By E17 the ectopic cell masses formed so as to replace the parts of the ventricular zone where no anti-MK immunoreactive radial fibers were present, but where anti-GFAP-stained fibrillary astrocytes emerged in the ectopic cell masses from the early postnatal period. The results suggested a twofold source of the generated astrocytes: either directly from a separate precursor of the astrocytes, or due to the transformation of the classic radial glial cells. In the newborn, numerous protoplasmic transitional forms displaced by astrocytes in irradiated brains indicated that reactive gliosis was a powerful response of a brain exposed to irradiation.

Animals↗

An automatic flow controller for a centrifugal blood pump.

To regulate the perfusion flow rate of a centrifugal blood pump, a microcomputer controller was developed. The computer monitored the flow rate of the pump with an electromagnetic flowmeter or an ultrasonic pulse Doppler flowmeter, rotational speed of the pump, aortic pressure, and the amount of blood in a reservoir. A discrete integral controller with a control interval of 1 s was adopted for the controller. For the safety of the control system, we added functions for detecting a clamp on the tubing, a dislocation of the flow sensor, or an inverse direction of the flow sensor. During a standby period, the computer calculated the rotational speed from aortic pressure to minimize the forward or the backward flow at the start of the pump perfusion. The automatic flow controller was used on 5 patients during cardiac operations and maintained the flow rate within +/-6% of the set point.

Algorithms↗

Contribution of cytochrome P450 3A pathway to bromocriptine metabolism and effects of ferrous iron and hypoxia-re-oxygenation on its elimination in the perfused rat liver.

The contribution of the cytochrome P450 3A pathway to bromocriptine metabolism, and the effects of ferrous iron and hypoxia-re-oxygenation on its elimination, were evaluated with the perfused rat liver. Outflow profiles of bromocriptine after bolus administration were estimated by moment analysis and dispersion model analysis. Kinetic parameters were not significantly changed by troleandomycin, a P450 3A inhibitor. The inhibition of bromocriptine metabolism by troleandomycin was 5.7 +/- 2.4%. These findings indicate that cytochrome P450 3A does not play an important role in bromocriptine elimination with the perfused rat liver. Elimination rate constant (ka) values were significantly increased by ferrous iron perfusion or hypoxia-re-oxygenation. Free-radical generation can, therefore, affect bromocriptine elimination. Our observations suggest that bromocriptine might be eliminated by scavenging of free radicals in the liver.

Amitrole↗

Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation may preserve sphincter of Oddi function after common bile duct stone management: evaluation from the viewpoint of endoscopic manometry.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation (EPBD) has been reported as a safe and effective alternative to endoscopic sphincterotomy in the management of common bile duct (CBD) stones; its effect on papillary function has yet to be elucidated. AIM: To investigate sphincter of Oddi (SO) motility before and after EPBD to determine its effect on SO function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The papillary function of 10 patients with CBD stones was studied using endoscopic manometry before and one week after EPBD. The manometric studies were repeated one month after EPBD in seven patients. RESULTS: One week after EPBD, CBD pressure, SO peak pressure, SO basal pressure, and SO frequency decreased significantly. One month after EPBD, however, all parameters increased although the increases in SO basal pressure and CBD pressure were not significant. There was no significant difference in values of any parameter before and one month after EPBD. No serious complications occurred. CONCLUSION: These data suggest at least partial recovery of papillary function one month after the procedure. EPBD seems to preserve papillary function in treatment of CBD stones; a longer term follow up study with SO manometry should be performed to clarify the effect of EPBD on SO function.

Aged↗

Live dynamics of Dictyostelium cofilin suggests a role in remodeling actin latticework into bundles.

Cofilin, an indispensable, actin-regulating protein represents the 'cofilin family' of actin-binding proteins existing in a wide variety of organisms. Our previous and other in vitro studies have implied that cofilin can accelerate transformation of filamentous (F)-actin and (alpha)-actinin latticework into bundles, and overexpression of cofilin induces formation of F-actin bundles in Dictyostelium. Here we expressed an Aequorea green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Dictyostelium cofilin fusion protein in Dictyostelium, and observed the live dynamics to examine the physiological function of cofilin. We show that purified GFP-cofilin binds to actin filaments and decreases the apparent viscosity of actin solution in a similar manner to authentic Dictyostelium cofilin. Expressed GFP-cofilin exhibits normal actin-binding activities in the cytoplasm as represented by incorporation into the actin rods induced with dimethyl sulfoxide. Free moving cells form a crown-like cortical structure on the dorsal surface, and GFP-cofilin exhibits dynamic assembly into actin bundles being formed beneath the cortex. During phagocytosis, GFP-cofilin accumulates into actin bundles formed in the region underlying the phagocytic cups. In cells chemotactically activated with cyclic AMP, GFP-cofilin exhibits a high level of accumulation in projecting leading edges. When the chemo-attraction is experimentally changed, the redistribution of GFP-cofilin towards the new pseudopod occurs in a matter of 30-60 seconds. These results demonstrate that cofilin plays a crucial role in vivo in rapid remodeling of the cortical actin meshwork into bundles.

Actin Depolymerizing Factors↗

Prostaglandin F2 alpha promotes the inhibitory action of endothelin-1 on the bovine luteal function in vitro.

Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) is a primary luteolysin in the cow. Although the mechanisms involved in luteolysis are thought to be a complex of its direct action on luteal cells and indirect effect on luteal blood flow, the detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study focuses on the possible interaction of endothelial cells-derived endothelin-1 (ET-1) with PGF2 alpha in the rapid suppression of progesterone release from the bovine corpus luteum (CL). In in vitro microdialysis system (MDS) of CL, PGF2 alpha acutely stimulated the release of progesterone and oxytocin during infusion and ET-1 release after infusion. Moreover, PGF2 alpha induced slight decrease of progesterone release during the last period of the experiment (8-11 h after PGF2 alpha exposure). Two 1 h-perfusions of ET-1 at 3 h intervals induced only a slight decrease of progesterone release after the second perfusion. This treatment also affected the oxytocin release; the first ET-1 perfusion produced an acute stimulation, whereas the second ET-1 perfusion inhibited the release to below 50%. When the CL pieces were pre-perfused with PGF2 alpha for 2 h, the two consecutive perfusion of ET-1 at 3 h intervals induced drastic decrease in progesterone and oxytocin release only after the second ET-1 perfusion. Thus, a pre-exposure with PGF2 alpha clearly potentiated the inhibiting activity of ET-1 in the progesterone release. These results suggest a physiological impact of PGF2 alpha and ET-1 in the rapid cascade of functional luteolysis in vivo, and a possible interaction between endothelial cells and luteal cells.

Animals↗

A case of homosexual murder: a victim with testicular regression syndrome.

A 25-year-old male was killed with a survival knife by his business and homosexual partner. In addition to 22 wounds on the extremities, 16 wounds were found on the neck, chest and abdomen. The heart and lungs were penetrated, and three wound tracks reached the back of the body. The cause of death was diagnosed as hemorrhage. The genitalia of the victim was anomalous: the pubic hair pattern was that of a female, the penis was small and no testes were identified in the scrotal sac. According to his medical records, micropenis and bilateral cryptorchidism were present at birth, and neither hormonal treatments nor bilateral orchidopexy could enlarge his penis size. At the age of 17, his condition had been diagnosed as hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. His genital anomalies were considered due to embryonic testicular regression syndrome, and his micropenis a possible cause of his homosexual orientation. Judging from the patulous anus with thickened margins, he was probably a passive homosexual. The motive of the murder was not monetary, but rather emotional entanglement. The court judged that the case was one of premeditated murder with a short-circuited motive, and sentenced the defendant to ten years imprisonment.

Adult↗

Classification of acceleration waveforms during walking by wavelet transform.

In this study we have attempted to classify the acceleration signal, while walking both at horizontal level, and upstairs and downstairs, using wavelet analysis. The acceleration signal close to the body's center of gravity was measured while the subjects walked in a corridor and up and down a stairway. The data for four steps were analyzed and the Daubecies 3 wavelet transform was applied to the sequential data. The variables to be discriminated were the waveforms related to levels -4 and -5. The sum of the square values at each step was compared at levels -4 and -5. Downstairs walking could be discriminated from other types of walking, showing the largest value for level -5. Walking at horizontal level was compared with upstairs walking for level -4. It was possible to discriminate the continuous dynamic responses to walking by the wavelet transform.

Acceleration↗

Role of QT interval prolongation in the creation of spiral wave type reentry.

The inducibility of reentry was compared for four QT patterns in a heart conduction simulation model. Local (L) and gradual (G) QT prolongation models are more susceptible to reentry induction than the no (N) QT prolongation model (reentry induced episodes for N, L, and G numbered 90, 120, and 122, respectively). This increased vulnerability was diminished when the QT interval was prolonged at all simulation sites (reentry induced episodes for the diffuse QT prolongation model, D model, numbered 82). Decreased QT dispersion might be important for the prevention of reentry induction regardless of whether the QT interval is increased.

Action Potentials↗

A case of disseminated intravascular coagulation probably arising from sudden infant death syndrome.

The cause of death in a 45-day-old male infant who was found apneic at home and died 21 hours later was disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The patient was admitted to a hospital in a state of cardio-respiratory arrest. The initial diagnosis was interrupted sudden infant death syndrome. The patient remained apneic, and recurrent discharge of bloody stool was the dominant clinical findings. He died without spontaneous respiration being restored. The autopsy revealed hemorrhages in the lungs and the ventricular septum and the free wall of the left ventricle of the heart. Microscopically, fibrin thrombi were noted in the large intestine and heart. The DIC was probably triggered by a widespread endothelial injury caused by severe hypoxia and acidosis originating from the apnea and cardiac arrest lasting longer than 30 min.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation↗

Species identification by the positional analysis of fatty acid composition in triacylglyceride of adipose and bone tissues.

In a new attempt at species identification, the total composition and positional distribution of fatty acid in triacylglyceride (TG) of adipose and bone tissues were analyzed in human, bovine, pig, dog, cat and chicken tissues. Although the total fatty acid compositions of bovine and pig tissues were significantly different from those of human (different in more than half the fatty acids tested), dog, cat and chicken tissues showed a comparatively similar composition to human fatty acids composed of TG in both tissues. The TG in these tissues was also subjected to stereospecific analysis using pancreatic lipase, that is, the fatty acid distribution in positions 1,3 (not distinguished between 1 and 3) and 2 of the TG were determined. The distribution of fatty acids among the positions 1,3 and 2 in the TG of animal adipose and bone tissues was non-random. The distribution between position 2 and positions 1,3 seems to be governed by chain length and unsaturation in each animal. The shorter and more unsaturated fatty acids showed a greater tendency to occupy position 2 of TG. Although this rule appeared in all animals except the pig, the distribution of each fatty acid into position 2 was species-specific. The positional distribution of fatty acid in TG was identical among the same species and in different regions of the same body. Thus, even when species identification is difficult using the pattern of total fatty acid composition, the analysis of the positional distribution of fatty acid makes it possible to determine the species. From the present results, the evaluation of positional distribution of fatty acid in the TG is a useful tool for the identification of human tissues.

Adipose Tissue↗

Purification and characterization of the phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate phosphatase in bovine thymus.

Using phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] prepared from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and inositolphospholipid 3-kinase, we identified in bovine thymus extracts the enzyme activity which catalyzed dephosphorylation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, to produce phosphatidylinositol biphosphate. Since bovine thymus exhibited the highest level of activity among tissues screened, we tried to purify this enzyme PtdINs(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase from bovine thymus. After sequential chromatographies using S-Sepharose, heparin-Sepharose, blue Sepharose, and Toyopearl HW55, the enzyme was purified 1875-fold with a yield of 10%. SDS/PAGE analysis revealed that a 120-kDA protein band copurified with the enzyme activity. The apparent molecular mass of the active protein was 120 kDa on size-exclusion chromatography, suggesting that the 120-kDa band on SDS/PAGE is the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase. Since PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase seemed to be the only activity that metabolized PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, and the enzyme did not hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate, the enzyme may play a critical role in the inositolphospholipid 3-kinase signalling.

Animals↗

A comparative study on developmental capacity to blastocysts derived from 1-and 2(3)-cell bovine embryos after in vitro maturation and fertilization.

The present study was conducted to compare the developmental capacity of 1-and 2(3)-cell embryos after 18 and 30 h of fertilization, and blastocyst cell number and in vitro survival after freezing and thawing of bovine blastocysts derived from the 1-and 2-cell embryos. Oocytes were matured and fertilized by conventional IVM/IVF methods. After 18 or 30 h of fertilization, 1-cell embryos (18 h-fertilization) or 1- and 2(3)-cell embryos (30 h-fertilization) were cultured for 8 or 10 d in synthetic oviduct fluid medium (SOFM) supplemented with 10% human serum (HS), minimum essential medium (MEM) essential or nonessential amino acids and glutamine. The separate culture of 1- and 2(3)-cell embryos after 30 h of fertilization showed higher (p < 0.01) cleavage, development to expanded and hatched blastocysts than culture of 1-cell embryos after 18 h of fertilization. Two-cell embryos of 30 h-fertilization group had higher developmental capacity to expanded and hatched blastocysts than 1-cell embryos at 18 or 30 h after insemination (Experiment I). However, there was no significant difference in the mean cell number of blastocysts derived from the culture of 1-cell and 2(3)-cell embryos, respectively (Experiment II). The in vitro survival or hatching after freezing and thawing of blastocysts was significantly affected by embryonic quality before freezing, but did not significantly differ with blastocysts derived from 1- and 2(3)-cell embryos after 18 or 30 h of fertilization. The results indicate that the culture of 2(3)-cell embryos after 30 h of fertilization is an effective method to produce more transferable embryos (blastocysts) in bovine IVM, IVF and IVC techniques.

Journal Article↗