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Biomedical subjects

Y Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fukuda.

At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Vascular access system for continuous arterial infusion of a protease inhibitor in acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

We used a vascular access system (VAS) for continuous arterial infusion (CAI) of a protease inhibitor in two patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. The infusion catheter was placed into the dorsal pancreatic artery in the first patient and into the gastroduodenal artery in the second, via a femoral artery approach. An implantable port was then connected to the catheter and was secured in a subcutaneous pocket prepared in the right lower abdomen. No complications related to the VAS were encountered. This system provided safe and uncontaminated vascular access for successful CAI for acute pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regional distribution of immunoreactive endothelin in rats.

By use of a specific radioimmunoassay for endothelin (ET), the regional distribution of ET-like immunoreactivity (LI) was studied in rats. The antiserum used cross-reacted equally with synthetic porcine and rat ET. Significant amounts of ET-LI are detectable not only in aorta, but also in kidney, lung, heart, liver and central nervous system. Gel chromatography of the tissue extracts revealed size heterogeneity of ET-LI; one major component eluting close to, but slightly larger than standard rat ET and the other minor component with a larger molecular weight. These data indicate that ET-LI is widely distributed throughout the various rat tissues, suggesting its possible involvement in a variety of organ functions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intermittent intraperitoneal implantation of islets in rat islet transplantation.

Two critical issues need to be addressed regarding islet cell transplantation: obtaining sufficient supply of cells for implantation, and the maintenance of the viability of these cells. Our present study has two protocols. One is islet cell implantation under the renal capsule, and the other, repeated injection of islet cells into the peritoneal cavity. These two methods were compared in an isogeneic transplant model in the rat to determine the more clinically beneficial method. Transplantation of 2000-2500 islet under the capsule of the kidney resulted in normalized blood sugar levels for more than 100 days in four of five rats with hyperglycemia. However, normalization for the same duration by islet cell injection into the peritoneal cavity necessitated repetition of injections in two out of three tested rats. In view of the similarity of the results obtained with these two protocols, intraperitoneal implantation of a few cells is preferable, because the need for prolonged cell preservation is avoided.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of PCR microchimerism induced by intrathymic inoculation of donor alloantigens in rats.

Intrathymic injection of donor alloantigens (splenocytes) was performed in rat heart transplantation to induced tolerance. In our experimental protocol, male (BN rats, RT1n) heart allografts were transplanted to female (LEW rats, RT1(1)) recipients in order to detect the existence of Y-chromosomes in recipients' tissues using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after the establishment of microchimerism. The mean survival time (MST) of male heart allografts was prolonged by the thymic injection protocol. PCR analysis of the Y-chromosomes of these recipients showed that splenocytes inoculated into the thymus still remained after as long as 30 days, while none of the cells that originated from the donor were never detected in the peripheral blood. On the other hand, our previous study demonstrated that the donor-specific Y-chromosomes could be detected in all the tissues of the females (peripheral blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver) except for thymus, of the sex-mismatched rat liver transplantation without thymic injection. Completely inconsistent results were deduced from two of our experiments, but the present study demonstrated that thymic clonal deletion played a major role in the prolongation of allograft survival after intrathymic injection of donor alloantigens.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survival of retinal ganglion cells after transection of the optic nerve in adult cats: a quantitative study within two weeks.

We have previously reported that a small number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of adult cats survive 2 months after transection of the optic nerve (ON) and that alpha cells have the greatest ability to survive among different types of RGCs (Watanabe et al., 1995). Here we report the time course of RGC survival within 15 days after ON transection using retrograde labeling with DiI injected into the bilateral lateral geniculate nuclei of cats. The density of DiI-labeled RGCs in the central retina as well as in the periphery did not change until day 3 after ON transection, then decreased rapidly, to 43% of the original density on day 7, and falling to 19% by day 14. We then intracellularly injected Lucifer yellow into the DiI-labeled RGCs to examine the difference in the time course between surviving alpha and beta cells. Similar to the density change in total surviving RGCs, the proportion of surviving beta cells did not change until day 3, then decreased rapidly to 65% of the original density on day 4, falling to 12% by day 14. By contrast, 64% of alpha cells survived for 14 days after axotomy. Analysis of regression lines for survival time courses indicated that death of beta cells was characterized with a rapid period phase from day 3 to day 7 after axotomy whereas that of alpha cells lacked it. Axon-like sprouting from surviving beta cells was first recognized in the nerve fiber layer on day 3, and were later more conspicuous.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prostaglandin metabolism in children with diabetes mellitus. I. Plasma prostaglandin E2, F2 alpha, TXB2, and serum fatty acid levels.

To study prostaglandin (PG) metabolism in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, plasma levels of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and thromboxane B2 and the composition of serum fatty acids were measured. Platelet aggregation, a risk factor in diabetic vascular complications, was also measured. The mean levels of plasma PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were high and serum dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid were low in the diabetic children. The plasma thromboxane B2 levels of the diabetic children and normal controls were not significantly different. Platelet aggregation was also increased in diabetic patients. These results suggest that the insulin deficiency and high blood sugar in diabetic children may disturb the supply of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid from cis-linoleic acid, decreasing prostaglandin formation in series 1. Then feedback regulation may increase production of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in series 2. Altered PG metabolism may be responsible for the occurrence and progression of vascular complications in the diabetic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endotoxin affects the expansion modes of liver macrophages after partial hepatectomy.

We studied the effect of increased endotoxin levels on the expansion modes of liver macrophages after two-thirds partial hepatectomy using anti-endotoxin polymyxin B. The expansion consists of dual modes: local proliferation and immigration. Local proliferation of mature cells was evaluated by the S-phase proportion measured by flow cytometric DNA analysis. This proportion (11.8 +/- 1.3% before hepatectomy) decreased to 6.0 +/- 1.1% at 12 h and reached a maximum of 21.9 +/- 2.7% on the 5th day after hepatectomy. In polymyxin B treated rats, the proportion reached a maximum of 21.1 +/- 1.6% at 48 h without any preceding decrease. Immigration of macrophage precursors was evaluated by the decreasing proportion of latex beads-containing cells that were marked as resident liver macrophages by injection of latex beads before hepatectomy. This proportion (98.7 +/- 0.2% before hepatectomy) was significantly decreased to 90.5 +/- 1.6% at 48 h. In polymyxin B treated rats, however, the proportion showed no significant decrease within 3 days. These results indicate that endogenous endotoxin, which suppresses the local proliferation and promotes extrahepatic recruitment, regulates the number of liver macrophages in regenerating rat liver.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 levels in patients with liver diseases.

Serum levels of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were measured in 268 patients with liver diseases by means of a one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay. In the cases of acute hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis (CAH), liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the levels of TIMP-1 were higher than those of the control group. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 levels correlated with type III procollagen peptide and with type IV collagen, indicating TIMP-1 as a useful marker for hepatic fibrosis. Levels of TIMP-1 also correlated with aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels and showed the highest levels in acute hepatitis. Thus, TIMP-1 might also reflect hepatic inflammation. Serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein and TIMP-1 had a significant positive correlation in patients with HCC. A cut-off level of TIMP-1 between LC and HCC was set at 440 ng/mL, having a low sensitivity and a high specificity. These results suggest the usefulness of TIMP-1 as a tumour marker in cases of HCC where alpha-fetoprotein levels are not elevated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High rate of mixed genotypes of hepatitis C virus in patients of an epidemic area in Japan.

The subjects of this study were 151 patients (69 males and 82 females) who underwent examination and liver biopsy owing to liver dysfunction in an epidemic area with hepatitis C. Second generation hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV Ab) was positive in 116 (76.8%) of 151 cases. HCV-RNA was detected in 120 (79.5%) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In 7 (4.6%) cases, HCV Ab could not be found, but HCV-RNA was detected. Three (2.0%) cases were positive for HCV Ab but negative for HCV-RNA. On the basis of variation in nucleotide sequence within a restricted region in the putative core gene of HCV, HCV genotypes were classed into four types of I, II, III and IV by PCR. The genotypes were identified in 120 cases. Ninety-eight (81.7%) cases carried one of the four types. Type II was found in 76 (63.3%) cases and type III in 22 (18.3%). The other 22 (18.3%) carried simultaneously two different genotypes (mixed type): 21 (17.5%) cases with type II + III and one (0.8%) case with type II + IV. In comparison with the incidence of HCV mixed types in cases with hepatitis C in a non-epidemic area, carriers of mixed types were found at a significantly higher rate in the epidemic area. Liver biopsy of 120 cases with identified HCV genotypes in the epidemic area showed 93 cases of chronic active hepatitis, nine of chronic lobular hepatitis, 10 of chronic persistent hepatitis and eight of liver cirrhosis. No significant correlation could be detected between liver histology and HCV genotypes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in liver disease, and their changes by treatment with interferon.

Serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with chronic hepatitis (n = 57), liver cirrhosis (n = 19) and hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 33). Serum levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were significantly higher in liver disease than those in controls (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0005, respectively). A total of 22 patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated with interferon. Pretreatment levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were not significantly different between complete responders and non-responders. In complete responders, serum sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels 1 year after interferon treatment significantly decreased compared to the pretreatment levels (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively). Post-treatment levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in complete responders were also significantly lower than those in non-responders (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively). This suggests that monitoring soluble adhesion molecules might be useful in the follow-up of patients with liver disease.

Adult↗