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Biomedical subjects

Y Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fukuda.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Application of hybrid plasmids carrying glycolysis genes to ATP production by Escherichia coli.

The closely linked structural genes of phosphofructokinase (pfkA) and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) of Escherichia coli were separately cloned onto plasmid pBR322. By gene dosage effects, transformed cells of E. coli C600 with these pBR322 hybrid plasmids showed 7- and 16-fold increases in the specific activities of phosphofructokinase and triosephosphate isomerase, respectively, over the specific activities in C600. Dried preparations of E. coli cells dosed with these genes showed appreciably high ATP-regenerating activity.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1982

Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries in collagen disease and allied disorders, with special reference to vasculitis as a preceding lesion of coronary atherosclerosis.

To clarify the etiology of atherosclerosis in collagen disease, the prevalence and quality of coronary arterial lesions was examined histopathologically. The materials consisted of 68 autopsy cases, including 10 of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 28 of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 8 of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), 5 of dermatomyositis (DM) and 17 of miscellaneous collagen disease (MD). As a control group (C), 9 age-matched cases of hematologic disorders were chosen. In order to conduct systematic research on coronary arteries, tissue blocks were taken, according to the method proposed by the "Vascular Lesion of Collagen Disease Research Committee" in Japan. To estimate the narrowing of the coronary arterial lumen quantitatively, the coronary stenosis index (CSI), which was the sum of the grade of three main coronary arterial narrowing scores, were used. Significant coronary stenosis (more than 75% occlusion of the lumen) was observed in 8 cases of SLE, one of PSS, 2 of DM and 4 of MD. Stenosis was due to atherosclerosis except in 3 cases of MD. The degree of stenosis expressed by the CSI was higher in MD, SLE and DM than in C (p less than 0.05). Atherosclerotic lesions in collagen disease tended to have a higher population of cellular components than did those in C. There were no statistical correlations between the CSI and some risk factors (age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and long-term corticosteroid administration). In the 12 cases with significant stenosis due to atherosclerosis, only 4 patients received corticosteroid hormone for more than one year. Active vasculitis with prominent inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in 2 cases of RA, 3 of SLE and 9 of MD. In cases of vasculitis in SLE examined by the serial section method, luminal narrowing caused by intimal fibrocellular proliferation seemed to have a close relationship with inflammatory cell infiltration in the media and the adventitia. It was concluded that prolonged stimulation of the injured intima by the common risk factors played an important role in the acceleration of coronary atherosclerosis and this intimal change should be reconsidered as a preceding lesion of coronary atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A thrombotic tendency in patients with infective endocarditis.

An attempt was made to evaluate a thrombotic tendency in cases of infective endocarditis (IE) from the viewpoint of the changes of platelets and coagulo-fibrinolysis. Qualitative changes of platelets by thrombi formation were detected by showing activated responses of platelets to adenosine diphosphate or collagen and by showing a high level of plasma beta-thromboglobulin which is released by platelets during aggregation. A mild hypercoagulable state without acceleration of fibrinolysis was also detected by showing low levels of plasma antithrombin III which is the most potent antithrombin in the blood and normal levels of plasma alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor in the blood. From above findings, it was concluded that a thrombotic tendency in cases of IE was clearly detected by qualitative changes of platelets by thrombi formation and by mild hypercoagulability without acceleration of fibrinolysis.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1982

Differences in respiratory neural activities between vagal (superior laryngeal), hypoglossal, and phrenic nerves in the anesthetized rat.

Respiratory neural activities were recorded from the efferent vagal (superior laryngeal Xsl)), hypoglossal (XII), and phrenic nerves in spontaneously breathing rats anesthetized with halothane. The onset of inspiratory discharges in the cranial nerves was slightly earlier (5-60 msec) but more gradual than that of phrenic bursts. When the anesthesia was deepened by increasing the concentration of halothane or by injection of pentobarbital, inspiratory discharges in the three nerves were well maintained although there was a progressive decrease in respiratory frequency and a prolongation of the delay from the start of Xsl or XII inspiratory activities to the onset of phrenic bursts. Inhalation of CO2 increased respiratory frequency and augmented the peak phrenic activity whereas the peak inspiratory activities in the cranial nerves remained unchanged under elevated end-tidal PCO2. Both in deeper anesthesia and in hypercapnia, changes in respiratory frequency were due mainly to alterations in the duration of expiration. The results indicated that the rat, 1) overall inspiratory activities in various nerves innervating the diaphragm and accessory respiratory muscles in the upper airway are quite resistant to depressing actions of halothane or halothane-pentobarbital anesthesia, although the mechanism controlling respiratory frequency is strongly affected, and 2) excitatory signals elicited by an elevated PCO2 via respiratory chemosensors preferentially augment inspiratory activities in the phrenic nerve. Factors influencing the temporal difference in the onset of inspiratory activities in the cranial and phrenic nerves are discussed.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1982

Fine spontaneous contractions of the arterial wall of the rat in vitro.

Fine spontaneous contractions of the vascular wall were recorded from the isolated carotid artery of the rat. The amplitude and/or frequency of these fine contractions decreased in lower temperature and increased in norepinephrine. It was suggested that there is an important relationship between these fine contractions and vascular "tone" of the artery.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Roles of vagal afferents on discharge patterns and CO2-responsiveness of efferent superior laryngeal, hypoglossal, and phrenic respiratory activities in anesthetized rats.

Discharge patterns and CO2-responsiveness of the efferent respiratory activities in the superior laryngeal (Xsl), hypoglossal (XII), and phrenic (Phr) nerves were compared between vagi-intact and -denervated rats. Bilateral cervical vagotomy decreased the respiratory frequency (f), minute Phr activity (peak integrated Phr activity X f) and consequently elevated end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2). Augmentation of the peak inspiratory activity following vagotomy was much larger in the Xsl and XII nerves than that in the Phr nerve. After vagotomy, the time delay from the onset of inspiratory activities in the Xsl or XII nerve to the onset of the Phr bursts was greatly prolonged. While in the vagi-intact rats the peak inspiratory activities of these cranial nerves were not increased in response to elevated PETCO2, the activities, in particular of the XII nerve, were augmented by high PETCO2 in the absence of vagal afferents. These results suggested that the vagal afferents inhibit not only phasic Phr discharges but also inspiratory output neurons in the Xsl or XII motor nuclei being activated in normo- and hypercapnia and that they facilitate temporally the onset and progress of inspiratory activities in various groups of respiratory output neurons.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical evaluation of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

We administered piperacillin (PIPC), a semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic, to 11 patients with obstetrical and gynecological infections and obtained the following results. 1. PIPC was administered at a dose of 1 or 2 g by intravenous bolus injection or dripping infusion 1 or 2 times a day for a period of 3 approximately 8 days. The clinical effect was excellent in 5 cases and good in 6 cases and all the cases showed good effectiveness. These included good in 1 case of adnexitis, excellent in 3 cases and good in 1 case of intrauterine infections, excellent in 2 cases and good in 2 cases of pelvic inflammatory diseases and good in 2 cases of bartholinitis. Bacteriological findings indicated that S. faecalis, Staphylococcus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. magnus, etc. isolated in 6 cases were eradicated after the administration of this drug. 2. Neither side effects nor abnormalities in laboratory findings caused by this drug were observed. 3. Based on these results PIPC should be considered a very safe and useful drug for treating obstetrical and gynecological infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Two pathways from the facial skin to the superior colliculus in the rat.

In response to single shock stimulation of the facial skin, the field potential of two negative waves (N1 and N2) appear in the intermediate layers of the rat superior colliculus (SC). From the experiments of functional ablations of the cortical facial area, the N1 wave was ascribed to the post-synaptic activity mediated by the direct trigemino-tectal pathway whereas the N2 wave to that mediated by the trigemino-cortico-tectal pathway. Single unit recordings also confirmed the existence of two pathways from the facial skin to the intermediate layers of SC.

Animals↗