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Biomedical subjects

Y Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fukuda.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Sialyl Lewis(x)-I (SLX) as a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen in sera in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer--evaluation according to clinico-pathological factors].

Sialyl Lewis(x)-i (SLX) as a new tumor-associated antigen was assayed in sera of 133 gastric cancer and 62 colorectal cancer patients with preoperative state in order to elucidate the clinico-pathological features. The percent positives in sera of patients with gastric and colorectal cancer were 12.7% (17/133) and 16.1% (10/62), respectively, and there were few positive cases in the early stages. Therefore, it is suggested that the early diagnosis for gastric and colorectal cancer using SLX alone may be difficult. However, it is revealed that SLX has a high tumor-specificity in consideration of the clinico-pathological properties such as H, P, n, ly, v factors, depth of cancer invasion and operative radicality. These data suggested that SLX could be applicable as a useful tumor-marker which shows the metastasis or extension of carcinoma.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1989

Polymorphic DNA haplotypes at the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) locus in Asian families with phenylketonuria (PKU).

DNA polymorphisms at the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) locus have proved highly effective in linkage diagnosis of phenylketonuria (PKU) in Caucasian families. More than 10 RFLP sites have been reported within the PAH structural locus in Caucasians. With information from affected and unaffected offspring in PKU families it is often possible to reconstruct complete RFLP haplotypes in parents and to use these haplotypes to follow the segregation of PKU within families and to determine the distribution of PKU chromosomes within populations. To establish the utility of these RFLPs in characterizing Asian families with PKU, we typed eight DNA sites in 21 Chinese families and 12 Japanese families with classical PKU. The eight RFLPs were chosen for their informativeness in Caucasians. From these families we reconstructed a total of 91 complete PAH haplotypes, 44 from non-PKU chromosomes and 47 from PKU-bearing chromosomes. Although all eight marker sites are polymorphic in both Chinese and Japanese, there is much less haplotypic variation in Asians than in Caucasians. In particular, one haplotype alone, haplotype 4, accounts for more than 77% of non-PKU chromosomes and for more than 80% of PKU-bearing chromosomes. Haplotype 4 is also relatively common in Caucasians. The next most common Asian haplotype is 10 times less frequent than haplotype 4. By contrast, in many Caucasian populations the sum of the frequencies of the five most common haplotypes is still less than 80%, and several of the most common haplotypes are equally frequent. Even though the extent of haplotypic variation in Asians is severely limited, the few haplotypes that are found often differ at a number of RFLP sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Effect of histamine H1-receptor antagonist on the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rat liver.

In order to elucidate the role of histamine in the liver, we studied the effect of a histamine H1-receptor antagonist on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the rat liver. The administration of the H1-receptor antagonist decreased significantly the contents of glycogen and malonyl-CoA in the liver. However, it did not affect the levels of serum glucose and free fatty acid. These results suggest that histamine may play a part in the regulation of metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Correlation between the function and structure in papain-induced emphysema in dogs].

To examine the relationship between morphologic changes and the alteration of pulmonary function, papain solution was administered to 11 dogs by inhalation and to 5 dogs by a single intratracheal injection. Pulmonary function tests, including determination of lung volume subdivision, diffusion capacity (DLCO), pressure-volume relationship of the lung and arterial blood gas were performed before and after papain treatment. The dogs were then killed and the lungs processed for pathologic studies. The severity of emphysema was graded as percent of emphysema according to Dunill's method and we compared this to the antemortem pulmonary function data. Exponential constant K was determined by fitting lung pressure-volume data to the equation V = Vo (1-e-KP). After papain administration, DLCO decreased, K of the pressure-volume curve increased, and arterial blood oxygen pressure reduced significantly. The changes of residual volume, the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity, DLCO per unit lung volume, and the values of the exponential functions of pressure-volume data were correlated with the severity of emphysema with statistical significance, but none of them showed excellent order correlation. Multiple regression equation using 2 to 4 of the parameters indicated that the severity of emphysema can be predicted more accurately. We conclude that recognition of the severity of emphysema requires a multivariate approach including the determination of lung volume, DLCO, and pressure volume relationship of the lung, because the relationship between the severity of emphysema and the values obtained with these measurements are nonlinear.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Pathogenesis of pulmonary involvement in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM): studies on T-cell function].

It has been shown that there are pulmonary involvements in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). Pulmonary lesions found in HAM are characterized by T-lymphocytosis and increased levels of soluble IL-2 receptor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from HAM patients proliferated spontaneously when cultured in vitro. Lymphocytes proliferated were positive for CD3 and HLA-DR staining. There were CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells in proliferating T-lymphocytes 5 days after cultivation. Culture supernatants of proliferating cells showed an increased soluble IL-2 receptor. These results suggest that activated T-cells play an important role in developing pulmonary lesions in HAM.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of regenerating epithelium-stroma junctions of rat tracheal epithelium after mechanical injury].

Regeneration of the rat tracheal epithelium following mechanical injury was studied by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The first event that occurred following the injury was rapid flattening of the viable epithelial cells of the wound margin and their migration to the injured area. In the early stage, the regenerating epithelium changed from a simple squamous to a multilayered structure, or typical squamous metaplasia. Immunohistochemically, keratin was detected in the regenerating cells, and actin was present linearly along the basal cell membrane of the migrating epithelial cells. Fibronectin also appeared in the wounded stroma immediately beneath the migrating epithelium until the migration was completed. Both laminin and type IV collagen reappeared under the regenerating epithelium from the wound margin after the migration was completed in the middle stage. Ultrastructurally, fibronexus-like structures and so-called anchoring filaments appeared in the epithelium-stroma junction before hemidesmosomes, basal lamina and anchoring fibrils reappeared. We consider that both fibronexus-like structures and anchoring filaments are responsible for the initial adhesion of the regenerating epithelium to the underlying connective tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy with pulmonary involvement].

A 70-year-old woman was admitted complaining of gait disturbance and difficulty in urination. Neurological examination showed myelopathy and both serum and CSF anti ATLA antibodies were positive. A diagnosis of HTLV-associated myelopathy (HAM) was made and steroid therapy was initiated. Chest X-ray film on admission showed no abnormality, but three months later, diffuse fine nodular and reticular shadows appeared in both lung fields. The patients had no respiratory symptom. The results of pulmonary function tests were normal, aside from a mild obstructive defect as indicated by reduced V25. Arterial blood gas was also normal. Bronchoalveolar lavage studies showed increased total cell counts and an increased proportion of T-cells. The histological findings of the transbronchial lung biopsy specimen were bronchiolitis and alveolitis. Subsequently, within the next eight months the abnormal shadows on chest X-ray cleared gradually on maintenance dosage of prednisolone, 10 mg/day. Possible relationships between HAM and the pulmonary lesions were discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A case of renal leiomyoma with extensive cystic degeneration].

An extremely rare case of renal leiomyoma presenting as a cystic mass, involving the upper pole of the right kidney in a 59-year-old woman, complaining of right flank pain is reported. Some discussion regarding pathogenesis of leiomyoma with cystic change, diagnostic feature, malignant potential of leiomyoma and others was done. Since 1948, 19 cases including our own case of renal leiomyoma have been reported in the Japanese literature.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[A case of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the right ventricle].

A 32-year-old man was admitted to our hospital suffering from cough and bloody sputum. After the preoperative examination, the most suspected diagnosis was either a cardiac myxoma or a pulmonary embolism. At operation, the cavity of main pulmonary trunk was occupied with a tumor growing through the stalk from the outflow tract of right ventricle. The invasive tumor was not completely removed from the pulmonary tract. Rhabdomyosarcoma originating from the right ventricle was confirmed histologically. The patient died on the 199th postoperative day. A necropsy was not conducted. Diagnosis, operative indication and chemotherapy of cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma are discussed in this paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

In situ distribution of enolase isozymes in chronic liver disease.

Liver biopsy specimens with or without chronic liver diseases were examined immunohistochemically to determine the distribution of enolase isozymes (alpha, beta, and gamma). In normal liver, alpha-enolase was positively stained in almost all hepatocytes and bile duct cells. beta- and gamma-enolases were localized in hepatocytes and bile duct cells, respectively. Electron microscopic studies revealed that Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells had both alpha- and gamma-enolases. In chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis, proliferated biliary ductular cells had both alpha- and gamma-enolases, but did not express beta-enolase. This is almost the same localization pattern of enolase isozymes as in preexisting bile duct cells. gamma-Enolase was detected in some hepatocytes in eight of 12 cases with chronic active hepatitis and six of 12 cases with cirrhosis. These hepatocytes were small, showed a cobblestone pattern, and binucleate cells were frequent. On the other hand, rosette-formed hepatocytes adjacent to a regenerating bulging lobule were not stained for gamma-enolase. These results suggest that regenerating hepatocytes have gamma-enolase and that, with maturation, hepatocytes lose it.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1989

Potentiation of harringtonine cytotoxicity by calcium antagonist diltiazem and biscoclaurine alkaloid cepharanthine in adriamycin-resistant P388 murine leukemia and K562 human leukemia cells.

Harringtonine showed cross resistance in adriamycin-resistant murine leukemia P388 (P388/ADM) and human leukemia K562 (K562/ADM) cells. The relative resistance of the P388/ADM and K562/ADM cells to harringtonine was about 7 and 40, respectively. Calcium influx blockers, diltiazem and the biscoclaurine alkaloid cepharanthine enhanced the cytotoxicity of harringtonine in P388/ADM and K562/ADM cells. The extent of enhancement was different for the two drugs, and up to a 9- to 10-fold increase in harringtonine cytotoxicity occurred in P388/ADM cells, and 14- to 22-fold enhancement in K562/ADM cells with diltiazem or cepharanthine. Harringtonine resistance of P388/ADM was circumvented completely, and the resistance of K562/ADM was circumvented partially, by diltiazem or cepharanthine. The mechanism of enhanced cytotoxicity by diltiazem and cepharanthine is probably inhibition of active efflux of harringtonine in P388/ADM and K562/ADM cells.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of gestrinone on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in women with endometriosis].

Gestrinone (G) was given to 12 females with endometriosis in weekly doses of 5 or 10mg for 4 to 6 months, and the change in serum lipids and lipoproteins was analysed. G decreased total cholesterol by 20% (p less than 0.05), triglycerides by 36% (p less than 0.05), phospholipids by 28% (p less than 0.01) and lipid peroxides by 34% (p less than 0.05), among which reductions in them were statistically significant when compared with the pretreatment levels. Levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) also fell: HDL-cholesterol by 41% (p less than 0.01), HDL-triglycerides by 49% (p less than 0.05) and HDL-phospholipids by 38% (p less than 0.01) which were significant. Concurrently apolipoproteins (Apo) and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity (LCAT) decreased: Apo A-I by 31% (p less than 0.01), Apo A-II by 13% (p less than 0.05) and LCAT by 53% (p less than 0.05), which were significant. In contrast, there were few changes in the levels of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and Apo B. There was also little effect on very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) except VLDL-triglycerides which decreased by 52% (p less than 0.05). Meanwhile free fatty acids increased by 61% (p less than 0.05). Therefore, the atherogenic index defined as the ratio of LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol rose as much as 92% (p less than 0.01) of the initial value in 24 weeks of medication. When these results were examined with respect to the 5 and 10mg administration group, dose-dependent effects were observed, but these were not marked.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1989

[Mandibular tumor with spicule formation in multiple myeloma].

A 40-year-old male complained of swelling of the right mandible. It was a hard bone tumor which was 70 x 50 x 45 mm in size without tenderness. In serum, the level of IgG was 5814 mg/dl, IgA 95 mg/dl and IgM 8 mg/dl with monoclonal increasing of gamma and lambda-chain. No Bence Jones protein was detected. In a bone marrow aspirate atypical plasma cells were 7.3% in nucleated cells in slightly hypocellular marrow. X-ray examination disclosed a spicule formation surrounding the osteolytic focus in the mandible. In addition, a osteolytic tumor without spicule formation was found in a rib. The histological examination of biopsy specimen obtained from the mandibular tumor revealed that atypical plasma cells infiltrated the fibrous tissue with new bone formation. Spicule formation in the bone lesion of multiple myeloma is unusual.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Changes in endogenous prostaglandin levels during D-galactosamine-induced liver injury.

The role of prostaglandins (PGs) in liver injury induced by D-galactosamine was investigated in the rat. The contents of PGD2 and PGF2 alpha in the liver were significantly increased from 3 h and 24 h after the D-galactosamine administration, respectively, but that of PGE2 was not significantly changed. Administration of 16,16-dimethyl PGE2, a long acting derivative of PGE2, or indomethacin, but not 16,16-dimethyl PGF2 alpha, a long acting derivative of PGF2 alpha, significantly depressed the increase in the serum transaminase activities induced by D-galactosamine. The protective effect of indomethacin was not disturbed by the 16, 16-dimethyl PGF2 alpha administration. These results indicate that PGE2 has a cytoprotective effect against the D-galactosamine induced liver injury and suggest that the protective effect of indomethacin is ascribable to its suppression of synthesis of PGs other than PGE2 or PGF2 alpha, e.g., PGD2.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Monoclonal antibodies directed to a disulfated glycosphingolipid, SB1a (GgOse4Cer-II3IV3-bis-sulfate), associated with human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Two murine monoclonal antibodies, 2H6G5 (IgM) and 4A9E10 (IgG3), were obtained by using either cultured human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (PLC/PRF/5) or the acidic glycolipid mixture prepared from the same cells as immunogens. The antigen in PLC/PRF/5 cell membranes recognized by both antibodies was identified as a disulfated acidic glycolipid, GgOse4Cer-II3IV3-bis-sulfate (SB1a). Both antibodies reacted specifically with SB1a, and no significant reactivity was noted with other sulfated glycolipids or gangliosides except that the antibody 2H6G5 showed a weak cross-reactivity with LacCer-II3-sulfate (SM3), another sulfated glycolipid which partly shares the same carbohydrate structure as SB1a. The SB1a antigen is a relatively minor glycolipid in PLC/PRF/5 cells, but it was strongly expressed at the surface of PLC/PRF/5 cells as ascertained by cytofluorometry using both antibodies. A significant amount of SB1a antigen was present in 3 of the acidic glycolipid fractions isolated from 15 human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues as well as in the acidic glycolipid fraction prepared from PLC/PRF/5 cells, while all the acidic glycolipid fractions prepared from cirrhotic livers and a normal liver were essentially negative for SB1a, as ascertained by both solid phase enzyme immunoassay and the thin-layer chromatography-immunostaining method. These results strongly suggest that the SB1a antigen as defined by these new monoclonal antibodies is associated with human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Animals↗