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Biomedical subjects

Y Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fukuda.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[TT virus(TTV) infection in patients with acute hepatitis].

A novel DNA virus, TT virus(TTV), has been reported in patients with posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. However association between TTV and acute hepatitis has not been shown. We investigated the prevalence of TTV in acute hepatitis. TTV-positive rates in acute hepatitis A, B, C, cytomegalovirus infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and acute hepatitis of unknown etiology were 15.3%, 21.8%, 60.0%, 0%, 10.0%, 22.6%, respectively. There were no significant differences in TTV prevalence between each etiology and healthy blood donors(20.8%). Clinical data were similar between patients with or without TTV. In this study we could not find any difference in the prevalence of TTV between acute hepatitis with known etiologies and that with unknown etiology. TTV did not affect the clinical features of acute hepatitis with known etiologies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[TT virus (TTV) in Japanese haemophiliacs].

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of infection with a novel virus designated TT virus (TTV) in Japanese haemophiliacs. TTV DNA was measured in 60 haemophiliacs by semi-nested PCR. HCV RNA, HGV RNA and HIV antibody were also tested. TTV DNA was detected in 35 haemophiliacs (58.3%). There were no differences in the backgrounds or characteristics between TTV DNA-positive and-negative haemophiliacs, except that levels of IgG and IgM in TTV DNA-positive patients were higher than those in TTV DNA-negative patients. In patients infected with TTV type 2, which is rare in Japan, the rate of coinfection with HCV of imported types was high. These indicate that TTV type 2 in Japanese haemophiliacs might have a foreign origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Japan].

Twenty five years has passed since the re-discovery of Helicobacter pylori. Many people have studied on this organism since that time. Some mechanisms about gastric mucosal inflammation have been clarified, and pathogenesis of peptic ulcer formation and gastric cancer have been solved. H. pylori infection is related to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and MALToma. In 1998, it was reported that gastric cancer occurred in H. pylori infected mongolian gerbils. In Japan, the prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer is very high. Therefore, the treatment for H. pylori infection is necessary to prevent occurrence of these diseases. To treat H. pylori infection, various regimen have been tried. Triple therapy with PPI and two antibiotics is recommended for cure of H. pylori infection in European and US guidelines. Some guidelines for management of H. pylori infection and regimen were shown in this part.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Acute myelocytic leukemia and plasmacytoma secondary to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in a long-term survivor of small cell lung cancer].

A 68-year-old man was given a diagnosis of lung cancer of the right upper lobe (small cell carcinoma, T 4 N 2 M 0, stage IIIB) in February 1991. The tumor diminished after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In February 1992, a partial resection of the lower lobe of the right lung was performed because of the appearance of a metastatic tumor. In September 1994, squamous cell carcinoma developed in the lower part of the esophagus, but disappeared after radiotherapy. In February 1998, a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome was made. Two months later, the patient had an attack of acute myelocytic leukemia and died of cardiac tamponade. An autopsy determined that both the lung cancer and esophageal cancer had disappeared. Acute myelocytic leukemia and plasmacytoma of lymph nodes in the irradiated area were confirmed. These were regarded as secondary malignancies induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Z-350, a novel compound with alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonistic and steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitory actions: pharmacological properties in vivo.

The alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-antagonistic and steroid 5alpha-reductase-inhibitory actions of Z-350 [(S)-4-{3-{4-{1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine-1-y l]propoxy}benzoyl}indole-1-yl}butyric acid hydrochloride] were investigated in rabbits and rats in vivo. Z-350 (1-30 mg/kg), administered intraduodenally, dose-dependently inhibited phenylephrine-induced increases in prostatic urethral pressure with an ED(50) value of 3.8 mg/kg in anesthetized male rabbits, whereas the effects on mean blood pressure and orthostatic hypotensive response were weaker when compared with other alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists, tamsulosin and prazosin. Z-350 (1-10 mg/kg p.o.) dose-dependently inhibited the prostatic steroid 5alpha-reductase activity in rats with an ED(50) value of 2.8 mg/kg. The daily oral administration of Z-350, at >==10 mg/kg for 7 days, significantly reduced the prostatic growth induced by testosterone in castrated rats, with no effect on dihydrotestosterone-induced prostatic growth. These results indicate that Z-350 exhibited alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-antagonistic and 5alpha-reductase inhibitory actions at almost equal doses in vivo, and was expected to improve the bladder outlet obstruction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia with smaller cardiovascular adverse effect.

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1999

Survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in peripheral nerve-grafted ferrets.

PURPOSE: Peripheral nerve (PN) grafting to the optic nerve stump stimulates not only axonal regeneration of the axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) into the grafted PN but also their survival. The purpose of the present study was to determine the number, distribution, and soma diameter of only surviving RGCs without regenerated axons and surviving RGCs with regenerated axons in PN-grafted mammals. METHODS: A segment of PN was grafted to the optic nerve stump of adult ferrets. Two months after the PN grafting, surviving RGCs with regenerated axons were retrogradely labeled with granular blue (GB) and stained with RGC-specific antibody C38. Surviving RGCs without regenerated axons were identified as C38-positive cells without GB labeling. RESULTS: Twenty-one percent of RGCs survived axotomy after PN grafting in the area centralis (AC), whereas 47% survived in the peripheral retina. Twenty-six percent of surviving RGCs in the AC exhibited axonal regeneration, which was higher than that in the peripheral retina. Soma diameter histograms revealed that RGCs with regenerated axons showing both GB and C38 positivity were in the large soma diameter ranges. In contrast, the soma diameter distribution of surviving RGCs that did not have regenerated axons showed a peak in the smaller soma diameter ranges. CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that PN grafting promotes survival of axotomized RGCs more effectively in the peripheral retina than in the AC. Among surviving RGCs, the larger cells exhibited axonal regeneration into the grafted PN, whereas the axons of smaller cells did not to regenerate in either the AC or the peripheral retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Churg-Strauss syndrome with pulmonary eosinophilia and intrapulmonary lymph nodes 2 years before the onset of vasculitis].

We report a case of a 55-year-old man who had been treated for bronchial asthma diagnosed at the age of 51. One year following diagnosis, chest X-ray films disclosed nodular shadows. Biopsy specimens obtained by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were histopathologically identified as intrapulmonary lymph nodes. Three years after the initial diagnosis, the patient experienced sensory disturbance of the lower extremities, low-grade fever, and weight loss. At this point he was admitted to our hospital. On admission, physical examination and clinical investigations showed peripheral eosinophilia and signs of vasculitis. Specimens obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage showed strong evidence of tissue damage with infiltration of eosinophils but no evidence of necrotizing vasculitis or extra-vascular granuloma. Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) was diagnosed, and treatment was initiated with prednisolone at a dose of 60 mg/day. Except for the sensory disturbances in the lower extremities, after a few days of treatment the patient's symptoms subsided and his clinical data improved. This case was clinically important because pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration into vessel walls was confirmed a year after the diagnosis of bronchial asthma, and 2 years before the patient demonstrated signs of vasculitis. Further, it was a very rare case of CSS in which intrapulmonary lymph nodes had developed beneath the visceral pleura despite the absence of a history of heavy smoking, thus suggesting continuous stimulation by some as yet unknown antigen.

Asthma↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of pathologic changes in Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils and humans.

Helicobacter pylori has been recognized as a pathogen causing gastroduodenal disease, with adequate evidence to prove this relation in clinical research. Available animal models, however, were inadequate until 1995, when a new animal model of H. pylori infection was established using Mongolian gerbils. In this study we compared pathological changes in seven H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils with ulcers to five patients with gastric ulcer who underwent operation. All of the animals showed positive reactions for both H. pylori culture and serum anti-H. pylori antibody titer. All human subjects had H. pylori on the mucosal surface. Thus, inflammatory cell infiltration in the pyloric gland area was observed throughout almost all layers in the animals. In contrast, inflammation was observed in the surface layer of the mucosa in the pyloric gland area in the human subjects. Lymph follicle formation was observed more often in humans than in the animals. Inflammation of the fundic gland area in both groups was weaker than of the pyloric gland area and was observed within the mucosa. Histological changes observed in both groups were chronic active gastritis, lymph follicles, and intestinal metaplasia in the stomach. H. pylori-associated gastritis in humans is characterized by erosion, inflammation with neutrophil infiltration, lymph follicles, intestinal metaplasia, and atrophy. These findings are similar to those in this animal model. Thus, H. pylori infection might participate in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal mucosal damage. In conclusion, the Mongolian gerbil is a good animal model for H. pylori-associated gastric diseases, and it might be useful for investigating the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Power Doppler US in breast masses: correlation of spectral analysis findings with pathological features].

The purpose of this study was to clarify the usefulness of power Doppler imaging for the diagnosis of breast masses. Materials were histologically confirmed breast masses: 24 benign lesions, 4 non-invasive carcinomas, and 54 invasive carcinomas. In invasive breast carcinoma, pathological examination was used to classify the degree of intratumor fibrous stroma (IFS) into three groups. The relationships between IFS and Doppler spectral parameters (Vmax, Vmin, PI, RI) were evaluated retrospectively. High PI and low Vmin values were well correlated with IFS grade. Carcinomas with low IFS grades had higher Vmax values than benign lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of intermittent liver ischemia on outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma on liver cirrhosis.

The influence on postoperative liver function of intermittent normothermic hepatic ischemia in cirrhotic patients was studied retrospectively. The mean total ischemia time was 88 (range 30-140) minutes in the hemi-hepatic occlusion group, and 68 (range 10-187) minutes in the total occlusion group. There were no operative deaths due to hepatic failure. Postoperative liver function improved within 1 week of the operation. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the groups. Thus normothermic hepatic ischemia is tolerated for up to 180 minutes in the cirrhotic liver when an intermittent technique (15 minutes clamped and 5 minutes unclamped) is used.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1999

Synthesis and antitumor activities of amino acid prodrugs of amino-combretastatins.

The synthesis and antitumor activity of water-soluble amino acid prodrugs of amino-combretastatins were reported. Among the synthesized compounds, 7e (CS-39-L-Ser HCI, AC-7700) showed enhanced antitumor activity and decreased toxicity in a Colon 26 murine adenocarcinoma model. Compound 7e showed improved solubility and was easily formulated for in vivo administration. Compound 7e was cleaved to generate the parent compound, CS-39, in the whole blood of mice as well as man, possibly by the action of amino peptidase on the erythrocyte membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Novel B-ring modified combretastatin analogues: syntheses and antineoplastic activity.

A series of B-ring modified combretastatin analogues were synthesized and their inhibitory activity against microtubule assembly, cytotoxic activity against Colon 26 adenocarcinoma cancer cell line were evaluated. Among these, pyridone derivative (19) showed strong antimitotic activity and cytotoxicity, along with excellent water-solubility.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1998

Syntheses and antitumor activity of cis-restricted combretastatins: 5-membered heterocyclic analogues.

A series of cis-restricted combretastatin analogues with 5-membered heterocycles were synthesized and their inhibitory activity against microtubule assembly and cytotoxic activity against the colon 26 adenocarcinoma cancer cell line were evaluated. Some of the heterocyclic analogues showed potent antitubulin activity and cytotoxicity. Compounds 16 and 35 showed marked tumor growth suppression in the colon 26 murine tumor model.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Efferent projection from the preoptic area for the control of non-shivering thermogenesis in rats.

1. To investigate the characteristics of efferent projections from the preoptic area for the control of non-shivering thermogenesis, we tested the effects of thermal or chemical stimulation, and transections of the preoptic area on the activity of interscapular brown adipose tissue in cold-acclimated and non-acclimated anaesthetized rats. 2. Electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) elicited non-shivering thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue (BAT); warming the preoptic area to 41.5 C completely suppressed the thermogenic response. 3. Injections of d, l-homocysteic acid (DLH; 0.5 mM, 0.3 microliter) into the preoptic area also significantly attenuated BAT thermogenesis, whereas injections of control vehicle had no effect. 4. Transections of the whole hypothalamus in the coronal plane at the level of the paraventricular nucleus induced rapid and large rises in BAT and rectal temperatures. This response was not blocked by pretreatment with indomethacin. The high rectal and BAT temperatures were sustained more than 1 h, till the end of the experiment. Bilateral knife cuts that included the medial forebrain bundle but not the paraventricular nuclei elicited similar rises in BAT and rectal temperatures. Medial knife cuts had no effect. 5. These results suggest that warm-sensitive neurones in the preoptic area contribute a larger efferent signal for non-shivering thermogenesis than do cold-sensitive neurones, and that the preoptic area contributes a tonic inhibitory input to loci involved with non-shivering thermogenesis. This efferent inhibitory signal passes via lateral, but not medial, hypothalamic pathways.

Acclimatization↗