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Biomedical subjects

Y Fujino

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fujino.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Lung structure and elastic recoil properties in hereditary diabetes mellitus in KK-mice, C57 black mice, and F1 hybrids.

To separate the effects of diabetes and inheritance on morphometric characteristics of the lung and on the variables of the pressure-volume relationship, the lungs of KK mice--a genetic model of adult-onset diabetes--were compared with the lungs of normal C57 black mice and of F1 hybrids by multivariate analysis. Hybrid mouse lungs contain more air per gram of lung tissue at total lung capacity (TLC) than the lungs of other mice (p < 0.0002) and have a lower recoil pressure at 30% to 70% of TLC. Morphometric data revealed that both the mean linear intercept and the number of alveoli per unit volume in hybrid mice fell between those in KK and C57 mice. However, the total number of alveoli per lung in hybrid mice was 155% of that in KK mice and 148% of that in C57 mice, reflecting the larger lung volume of hybrid mice. The alveolar wall thickness of the hybrids was similar to that of C57 mice, whereas KK mice had thicker alveolar walls than the other two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that body weight, wet lung weight, volume density of blood vessels, mean linear intercept, and transpulmonary pressure at 90% TLC were affected by diabetes alone; however, the following parameters were affected by both inheritance and diabetes: lung volume, specific lung volume, femur length, volume density of alveolar air, surface area, surface to volume ratio, number of alveoli per lung, lung air per gram of lung tissue, and transpulmonary pressure at 20% to 80% TLC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Ocular manifestations in Japanese patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

The ocular manifestations in 65 Japanese human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients were examined. Based on the cumulative totals, 22 of the cases had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 17 had AIDS-related complex (ARC), and 35 were asymptomatic carriers (AC), including 4 AIDS cases who had progressed from ARC and 5 ARC cases from AC. Seventy-seven percent of the AIDS cases had ocular manifestations, including cotton-wool spots (50%), retinal hemorrhages (59%), cytomegalovirus retinitis (46%) and pupil abnormalities (14%). The ocular signs were also seen in 71% of the ARC cases and 37% of the AC cases. In Japanese HIV-seropositive patients, ocular manifestations are also as common as in Western HIV-seropositive patients.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1993

[A case of cryptococcal retinochoroiditis associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

A case of cryptococcal retinochoroiditis associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reported. The patient was a 22-year-old man with hemophilia A. He was found seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus three years ago. He was admitted with complaints of fever and cough. CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.01 and CD4 lymphocyte count was 10/mm3. Two weeks later, ophthalmological examination revealed some yellowish white focal lesions at the posterior fundus. More detailed examinations were impossible because of his poor general condition. He died one month later. The autopsy showed disseminated cryptococcosis. Ocular histopathological examination revealed cryptococcal retinochoroiditis without any inflammatory reaction. This is the first report in Japan of this disease associated with AIDS and of a histopathological study of it.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

[Ocular manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patients].

Ocular manifestations in 56 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients were examined prospectively. Eighteen of them had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 14 had AIDS-related complex (ARC), and 30 were asymptomatic carriers (AC). Two AIDS patients progressed from ARC and four ARC patients from AC. Seventy-two percent of AIDS patients had ocular manifestations, including cotton-wool spots (28%), retinal hemorrhages (44%), cytomegalovirus retinitis (28%) and papilledema (6%). We also found ocular signs in 50% of ARC patients and 40% of AC patients. Since ophthalmologic manifestations are common in HIV seropositive patients, it is necessary for them to undergo a routine series of ophthalmologic examinations.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1993

The role of mast cells in endotoxin-induced uveitis.

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of mast cells in the induction of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). METHODS: We previously showed that the mean mast cell number in the anterior uvea was greatest for Lewis rats, lowest for Brown Norway (BN) rats, and intermediate for LBNF1 rats. In the current experiment, we assessed the time of onset and severity of EIU in these three rat strains. We then studied changes in mast cell numbers in the anterior uvea during the induction period of EIU. RESULTS: Time of onset and severity of EIU were related to the number of mast cells in the anterior uvea. EIU occurred earliest in the Lewis rats, and the maximum mean grade of ocular inflammation on a scale of 0 (no inflammation) to 4 (severe inflammation) +/- standard error of the mean was 3.87 +/- 0.13 for Lewis rats, 1.06 +/- 0.06 for BN rats, and 1.19 +/- 0.12 for LBNF1 rats. The difference between the mean grade of inflammation in the Lewis rats and the other two strains was highly statistically significant (P < .001). In the Lewis rats, mast cell numbers +/- SEM decreased from 68.9 +/- 10.8 at baseline to 49.6 +/- 5.9 4 hr after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and to 27.6 +/- 8.4 8 hr after LPS injection, suggesting that mast cell degranulation occurs before the development of EIU. CONCLUSION: Mast cells in the anterior uvea appear to potentiate endotoxin-induced ocular inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Coronary vasodilation during intracoronary injection of papaverine and acetylcholine in syndrome X: evaluation by coronary arteriograms and coronary venous oxygen saturation dynamics].

To evaluate coronary vasodilatory reserve in syndrome X, left coronary arteriography and continuous measurement of coronary venous oxygen saturation (CSO2-Sat) were performed during intracoronary injection of papaverine (PAP) and acetylcholine (ACh) in 11 patients of syndrome X and 13 control subjects. Coronary diameter after PAP increased 10.2% in the control group and 9.8% in the syndrome X group, but after ACh decreased 1.7% in the control group and decreased 2.3% in the syndrome X group. These changes in coronary diameter by PAP and ACh in the two groups were not significantly different. However, coronary vasodilatory responses estimated by CSO2-Sat dynamics to ACh and to ACh/PAP were significantly lower in the syndrome X group than those in the control group (p < 0.05), although coronary response to PAP in the 2 groups was not significantly different. These findings suggest that endothelial-dependent vasodilation of coronary microcirculation is decreased in syndrome X.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnostic value of DNA ploidy in epithelial elevated lesions of the stomach].

Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of DNA aneuploidy in epithelial elevated lesions of the stomach. Four biopsy specimens were obtained from each lesion in 14 elevated early cancers, 21 adenomas, 37 hyperplastic polyps and 11 cases of chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia. All samples obtained from benign lesions indicated diploidy. DNA aneuploidy was detected in 12 lesions (85.7%) of early cancers. DNA indices ranged from 1.10 to 1.19 in six of 10 intramucosal cancers with DNA aneuploidy. Meanwhile, a total of two submucosally invasive cancers had stemlines with a DNA index of more than 2.00. Four early cancers, including two submucosally invasive ones, had multiple aneuploid stemlines. DNA aneuploidy is a useful marker of malignancy in epithelial elevated lesions of the stomach. A higher DNA index and multiple aneuploid stemlines may be possible markers of submucosal invasion in early cancer.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Successful 96-hour preservation of the canine pancreas.

We tested the preservation of the pancreas for 96 h by a modified two-layer (UW solution/perfluorochemical) cold storage method (group 1) in the canine model of pancreas autotransplantation and compared this with an original two-layer (Euro-Collins' solution/perfluorochemical) cold storage method (group 2) and simple cold storage method with UW solution (group 3). A graft was considered functioning if the dog had a normal blood glucose for at least 5 days after transplantation. The functional success rates after preservation for 72 h were 100%, 100% and 80% for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. On the other hand, the functional success rates for groups 1, 2 and 3 after preservation for 96 h were 75%, 0% and 0% respectively. The mean K value of 96-hour preserved grafts for group 1 at 2 weeks after transplantation was 1.52 +/- 0.30 compared with 1.98 +/- 0.48 before preservation. Biopsies of grafts from group 1 showed almost normal pancreatic architecture even after preservation for 96 h. In addition, biopsies of grafts preserved for 96 h in group 1 at 4 weeks after transplantation showed almost normal endocrine tissue with mild fibrosis of the exocrine tissue. This study demonstrated the possibility of preserving the pancreas for 96 h prior to transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The mechanism of action of the two-layer (Euro-Collins' solution/perfluorochemical) cold storage method in canine pancreas preservation.

To clarify the mechanism of action of a two-layer [Euro-Collins' solution (EC)/perfluorochemical (PFC)] cold storage method in the preservation of the pancreas, pancreatic viability and tissue concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were examined in the canine model of pancreatic autotransplantation after preservation for 24 and 48 h by simple cold storage in EC (group 1), the two-layer, EC/PFC, method (group 2) and the two-layer, EC+2, 4 dinitrophenol (DNP)/PFC, method (group 3). DNP is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Maintenance of normoglycemia for at least 5 days after transplantation was considered a successful preservation. After preservation for 24 h, the functional success rates of groups 1, 2 and 3 were 100% (4/4), 100% (5/5) and 80% (4/5) respectively. One of five dogs in group 3 died of a cause unrelated to the pancreas. ATP tissue concentrations in group 2 were significantly higher than in group 1 (7.47 +/- 0.47 micromol/g dry weight vs 1.41 +/- 0.53 micromol/g dry weight, P < 0.01) and ATP tissue concentrations in group 3 were significantly lower than in group 2 (1.25 +/- 0.37 micromol/g dry weight vs 7.47 +/- 0.47 micromol/g dry weight, P < 0.01). It was apparent that ATP was not an essential factor for successful 24-hour preservation of the canine pancreas in EC because all the pancreatic grafts except one of five grafts in group 3 remained viable after preservation for 24 h, regardless of ATP tissue concentrations. On the other hand, after preservation for 48 h, the functional success rates for groups 1, 2 and 3 were 0% (0/4), 100% (4/4) and 0% (0/3) respectively. ATP tissue concentrations in group 2 were significantly higher than in group 1 (7.91 +/- 1.21 micromol/g dry weight vs 1.21 +/- 0.31 micromol/g dry weight, P < 0.01) and ATP tissue concentrations in group 3 were significantly lower than in group 2 (0.61 +/- 0.07 micromol/g dry weight vs 7.91 +/- 1.21 micromol/g dry weight, P < 0.01). It was clear that preservation of the pancreas for 48 h was unsuccessful by simple cold storage in EC (group 1) and the two-layer method (group 2) made preservation for 48 h possible by increasing ATP tissue concentrations. However, DNP (group 3) inhibited the synthesis of ATP and the effectiveness of the two-layer method for 48-hour preservation of the pancreas. It was clear that maintenance of high ATP tissue concentrations during preservation was essential for the successful preservation of the canine pancreas in EC by the two-layer method for more than 48 h. We concluded that an adequate supply of oxygen to the pancreas during preservation by the two-layer method led to sufficient production of ATP to maintain cellular integrity and permitted the improvement of pancreatic preservation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Association between mast cells and the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis in different rat strains.

To study the role of anterior uveal mast cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), the mast cells in the iris and ciliary body of Lewis rats, Brown Norway (BN) rats, and their F1 hybrids (LBNF1) were quantitated in normal rats and during the induction period of EAU. The mean baseline mast cell number was 68.9 +/- 10.8 per anterior uvea for Lewis rats, 0.3 +/- 0.2 for BN rats, and 4.6 +/- 0.6 for LBNF1 rats. Detectable mast cells in the anterior uvea of S-Ag-immunized Lewis rats decreased to 60% of control at 6 days postimmunization, recovered to 80% at 10 days, and dropped again to 16% at 13 days, with disease onset around 14 days. In Lewis rats that were adoptively transferred with a uveitogenic T-lymphocyte line, a profound drop in anterior uveal mast cell numbers occurred in the eyes with early signs of EAU, 3 days after the transfer. The decrease in detectable mast cells is consistent with mast cell degranulation. The data suggest that anterior mast cells participate in the immunopathogenesis of EAU and may influence the genetic susceptibility to EAU.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The mechanism of action of the two-layer (Euro-Collins' solution/perfluorochemical) cold-storage method in canine pancreas preservation--the effect of 2,4 dinitrophenol on graft viability and adenosine triphosphate tissue concentration.

Tissue concentrations of adenosine triphosphate have been previously associated with successful pancreas preservation using the two-layer cold storage method in a canine autotransplantation model. To clarify the role of ATP vs. oxygenation per se, we used 2,4 dinitrophenol, an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. DNP caused no toxicity in pancreas grafts preserved for 24 hr in Euro-Collins' solution or 48 hr in University of Wisconsin solution. Tissue concentration of ATP and viability of pancreas grafts, defined as maintenance of normoglycemia for 5 days following transplantation, were compared among six groups after a preservation interval of 24 or 48 hr. After 24 hr all grafts were viable, whether preserved using simple cold storage in EC (group 1a), two-layer (EC/perfluorochemical [PFC]) method (group 2a), or two-layer (EC+DNP/PFC) method (group 3a); respective graft survival was 4/4 (100%), 5/5 (100%), and 4/5 (80%); one of five dogs in group 3a died of a cause unrelated to the pancreas. ATP levels were higher in group 2a compared with group 1a (7.47 +/- 0.47 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.53 mumol/g dry weight, P less than 0.01) and lower in group 3a compared with group 2a (1.25 +/- 0.37 vs. 7.47 +/- 0.47, P less than 0.01). After 24 hr, we observed no difference in viability despite ATP concentration differences. However after 48 hr preservation, graft viability varied among the groups: 0/4 (0%), 4/4 (100%), and 0/3 (0%) in groups 1b, 2b, and 3b, respectively. ATP tissue concentration was again higher in group 2b after two-layer (EC/PFC) method preservation (7.91 +/- 1.21 vs. 1.21 +/- 0.31 mumol/g dry weight, P less than 0.01) compared with EC preservation (group 1b). DNP again caused a significant decrease in tissue ATP in group 3b (0.61 +/- 0.07 vs. 7.91 +/- 1.21, P less than 0.01). The two-layer (EC/PFC) method clearly protected pancreas viability, and inhibition of ATP production using DNP caused loss of viability in this model. We conclude that oxygenation of the pancreas during preservation by the two-layer method allows continued ATP production within the graft. Metabolic processes vital to cellular integrity can be maintained, which produces an extended period of preserved pancreatic viability.

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
PubMed1992

Concentration thresholds for fetal swallowing and vasopressin secretion.

In adults, plasma osmolality thresholds for hypernatremia-induced arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion are similar or less than thresholds for stimulation of thirst. In the fetus, the thresholds for swallowing stimulation and AVP secretion have not been defined. Fetal swallowing and AVP secretory responses to hypertonic NaCl and urea were determined in six fetuses (130 +/- 1 1 days) chronically prepared with thyrohyoid, nuchal and thoracic esophagus, and diaphragm electromyograms (EMG), an esophageal flow probe, and vascular catheters. Fetuses received intracarotid injections (0.15 ml/kg) of increasing concentrations of NaCl (0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, and 0.90 M), administered at 2-min intervals. A swallow was defined as a coordinated time-sequence of fetal thyrohyoid, nuchal esophagus, and thoracic esophagus EMG activity. The threshold saline concentration for swallowing was defined as the minimum NaCl dose eliciting swallow responses (within 20 s) after four of five injections at each dose. During a 2-h control period swallowing averaged 25.0 +/- 10.1 ml/h and 39.4 +/- 14.6 swallows/h. The mean NaCl threshold concentration for swallowing stimulation was 0.56 +/- 0.06 M. Fetal plasma AVP (2.6 +/- 0.9 pg/ml) increased significantly at the maximum subthreshold (7.6 +/- 4.0 pg/ml) and the threshold NaCl concentration (8.2 +/- 4.0 pg/ml) that stimulated swallowing. On a subsequent day, equiosmolar urea injections increased plasma AVP (from 2.2 +/- 0.7 to 7.6 +/- 2.6 pg/ml) but had no effect on swallowing activity. Fetal mean arterial blood pressure increased after injections of threshold saline and urea concentrations. Fetal arterial blood osmolality and sodium concentration did not change during any study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Suprahepatic vena cava anastomosis of the donor liver to the recipient retrohepatic vena cava in canine liver transplantation.

A revised method of the upper caval anastomosis in canine orthotopic liver transplantation is described. It uses the recipient retrohepatic inferior vena cava below the suprahepatic veins for vascular suturing. Ten consecutive operations were performed to assess the feasibility of this method, with special reference to the outflow obstruction at the level of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava. Seven of 10 dogs survived more than 6 days. The cause of death was not related to the outflow obstruction in any instance. Regardless of the duration of survival, free hepatic vein pressures as well as portal vein pressures of all dogs remained in the physiological range even after the skin closures. Based on these observations, we conclude that this approach is safe and reproducible in experimental transplantation of the canine liver.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗