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Biomedical subjects

Y Fujii

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fujii.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Preoperative oral granisetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after breast surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral granisetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after breast surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: University affiliated hospital, Japan. SUBJECTS: 100 women listed for partial or modified radical mastectomy with or without axillary dissection. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were given either placebo or granisetron in three different doses (1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg) orally 1 hour preoperatively (n = 25 in each group). A standard general anaesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All episodes of nausea and vomiting during the first 24 hours after anaesthesia. RESULTS: Complete response, defined as no nausea and vomiting and no need for a "rescue" antiemetic, during the first 24 hours after anaesthesia was recorded in 13 (52%) with placebo, 14 (56%) with granisetron 1 mg, 22 (88%) with 2 mg, and 22 (88%) with 4 mg, respectively (p = 0.006, Fisher's exact test). No clinically serious adverse events were seen in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: Preoperative oral granisetron, in doses of more than 2 mg, is effective for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing general anaesthesia for breast surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Midazolam versus propofol for reducing contractility of fatigued canine diaphragm.

The effects of midazolam and propofol on the contractility of fatigued canine diaphragm were examined. Diaphragmatic fatigue was induced by intermittent supramaximal bilateral electrophrenic stimulation at a frequency of 20 Hz applied for 30 min. After fatigue had been induced, group I (n=10) received no study drug, group II (n=10) was given a propofol infusion (0.1 mg kg(-1) loading dose plus 1.5 mg kg(-1) h(-1) maintenance dose) and group III (n=10) was given a midazolam infusion (0.1 mg kg(-1) loading dose plus 0.1 mg kg(-1) h(-1) maintenance dose). Diaphragmatic contractility was assessed by measuring transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi). After the fatigue-inducing period in each group, Pdi at low-frequency (20 Hz) stimulation was lower than the baseline values (P<0.05), whereas no change in Pdi at high-frequency (100 Hz) stimulation was observed. In group II, Pdi at 20 Hz stimulation was lower than fatigued values (P<0.05); Pdi at 100 Hz stimulation did not change. In group III, Pdi at both stimulation frequencies was lower than fatigued values (P<0.05). Compared with group I, Pdi at 20 Hz stimulation was lower than fatigued values (P<0.05) during administration of the study drug in groups II and III. The decrease in Pdi was greater in group III than in group II (P<0.05). In conclusion, midazolam compared with propofol is associated with an inhibitory effect on contractility in the fatigued canine diaphragm.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed2001

Simultaneous determination of gold and copper by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using online column enrichment as their syn-phenyl-2-pyridylketoximate chelates.

Gold and copper ions react with syn-phenyl-2-pyridylketoxime (PPKO) at 40 degrees C to form neutral chelates. Metal-PPKO chelates subsequently become preconcentrated on a minicolumn packed with a divinylbenzene-methacrylate copolymer. By switching the valve, these chelates are separated on the silica-based phenyl column and detected with a photometric detector. These processes occur automatically except for chelation. The results of the chelation, preconcentration, and separation conditions studies are presented. Calibration curves for Au and Cu ions are linear from nanograms per milliliter (parts per billion) to micrograms per milliliter (parts per million) in the original solution. The precision for 0.5-ppm standards of Au and Cu is 2.1 and 0.9 relative standard deviation (%), respectively. The accuracy of the present method is verified for Au and Cu based on the analysis of a standard alloy of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The limits of detection for Au and Cu are 16.7 and 0.6 ppb, respectively. The effects of foreign ions on the determination of Au and Cu are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Expression of the cdc25B mRNA correlated with that of N-myc in neuroblastoma.

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors in early childhood. Overexpression of the proto-oncogene N-myc has been reported to be correlated with more malignant course of the disease. cdc25B is reported to be a target of myc and elevated in several malignant cells and tissues. METHODS: Expression of cdc25B and N-myc messenger RNAs were evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay in 20 tumor samples from neuroblastoma using LightCycler. The data were analyzed with reference to clinicopathological factors. Immunohistochemistry for cdc25B was also performed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the cdc25B expression between patient groups according to age, gender and clinical stage. The cdc25B mRNA expression levels were significantly correlated with N-myc mRNA levels (y = -0.445 + 20.577x, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: We could not establish the clinical significance to determine the cdc25B mRNA level from neuroblastoma. However, we suggest that cdc25B may play an active role as a target of N-myc in neuroblastoma, although the biological function of cdc25B in neuroblastoma remains to be clarified.

Cell Cycle Proteins↗
PubMed2001

Expression of the protein gene product 9.5, PGP9.5, is correlated with T-status in non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: In a tumor, increased deubiquitination of cyclins by a protein gene product gene, PGP9.5, could contribute to the uncontrolled growth of somatic cells that is a hallmark of cancer. We hypothesized that PGP9.5 may be expressed in tumors of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Expression of PGP9.5 messenger RNA was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 95 non-small cell lung carcinomas and adjacent histological normal lung samples. The data were analyzed with reference to clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: PGP9.5 transcripts were detected in 18 (12.8%) of the tumor samples, although some of paired normal lung samples showed very weak expression. There was no relationship between PGP9.5 gene expression and age, gender, N-status or pathological subtype. PGP9.5 gene was preferentially expressed in T3/T4 NSCLC (12/41, 29.3%) compared with T1/T2 NSCLC (6/54, 11.1%) (p = 0.0482). CONCLUSIONS: Although the PGP9.5 gene was not expressed in a majority of NSCLC tumors, we suggest that PGP9.5 may correlate with tumor invasion or progression of NSCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Clinical and functional significance of WHO classification on human thymic epithelial neoplasms: a study of 146 consecutive tumors.

We examined the clinical and functional significance of histologic classification of thymic epithelial neoplasms proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), based on an analysis of 146 consecutive tumors derived from 141 patients and 47 normal thymuses derived from children ranging in age from 1 to 9 years. Invasive tumors were seen in 12.5%, 38.6%, 40.0%, 69.4%, 80.0%, and 100% of type A, AB, B1, B2, B3, and C primary tumors, respectively. All of six recurrent or metastatic lesions were type B2 tumors. Myasthenia gravis was associated in 0%, 6.8%, 40.0%, 55.6%, 10.0%, and 0% in patients with type A, AB, B1, B2, B3, and C tumors, respectively. The average number (x10(6)) of tumor-associated CD4+CD8+ cells present in 1 g of tumor tissue was 1.5, 391.1, 1041.7, 333.9, 24.5, and 0.2 in type A, AB, B1, B2, B3, and C, respectively, and it was 1168.2 in the normal thymuses. Thus, type B1 tumor retained the function to induce CD4+CD8+ double-positive cells at a level comparable to that of the normal thymic cortical epithelial cells, followed by type AB and type B2 tumors. Type A and B3 tumors had this function at a barely detectable level, and type C tumor was nonfunctional. WHO histologic classification was shown to reflect the clinical features and the T-cell-inducing function of thymic epithelial tumors.

CD4-CD8 Ratio↗
PubMed2001

Colforsin daropate improves contractility in fatigued canine diaphragm.

UNLABELLED: We studied the effects of colforsin daropate, a water-soluble forskoline derivative, on contractility in fatigued canine diaphragm. Dogs were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 each. In each group, diaphragmatic fatigue was induced by intermittent supramaximal bilateral electrophrenic stimulation at a frequency of 20 Hz applied for 30 min. Immediately after the end of a fatigue-producing period, Group 1 received no study drug, Group 2 was infused with small-dose colforsin daropate (0.2 microg. kg(-1). min(-1)), Group 3 was infused with large-dose colforsin daropate (0.5 microg. kg(-1). min(-1)), and Group 4 was infused with nicardipne (5 microg. kg(-1). min(-1)) during colforsin daropate (0.5 microg. kg(-1). min(-1)) administration. After the fatigue-producing period, in each group transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) at low-frequency (20-Hz) stimulation decreased from baseline values (P < 0.05), whereas there was no change in Pdi at high-frequency (100-Hz) stimulation. In Groups 2 and 3, during colforsin daropate administration, Pdi to each stimulus increased from fatigued values (P < 0.05). The increase in Pdi was larger in Group 3 than in Group 2 (P < 0.05). In Group 4, the augmentation of Pdi by colforsin daropate was abolished in fatigued diaphragm with an infusion of nicardipine. The integrated diaphragmatic electric activity did not change in any of the groups. We conclude that colforsin daropate improves, in a dose-dependent manner, contractility in fatigued canine diaphragm via its effect on transmembrane calcium movement. IMPLICATIONS: Diaphragmatic fatigue is implicated as a cause of respiratory failure in normal subjects and in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Colforsin daropate improves contractile properties during diaphragmatic fatigue.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Dose-response characteristics of midazolam for reducing diaphragmatic contractility.

A sedative dose of midazolam decreases contractility of the diaphragm, but no data are available concerning the relationship between dose and diaphragmatic contractility. We studied the dose-response characteristics of midazolam for reducing the diaphragmatic contractility in dogs. Animals were divided into three groups of eight each: Group 1 received no study drug, Group 2 was infused with a sedative dose of midazolam (0.1 mg/kg initial dose plus 0.1 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) maintenance dose), and Group 3 was infused with an anesthetic dose of midazolam (0.1 mg/kg initial dose plus 0.5 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) maintenance dose). We assessed the diaphragmatic contractility by transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi). With an infusion of midazolam in Groups 2 and 3, Pdi at low-frequency (20 Hz) and high-frequency (100 Hz) stimulation decreased from the baseline values (P < 0.05), and the integrated electrical activity of diaphragm (Edi) at 100-Hz stimulation decreased from the baseline values, whereas Edi at 20-Hz stimulation did not change. Compared with Group 1, Pdi and Edi for each stimulus decreased during midazolam infusion in Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.05). The decrease in Pdi and Edi was more in Group 3 than in Group 2 (P < 0.05). We conclude that midazolam decreases, in a dose-dependent manner, contractility of the diaphragm in dogs.

Anesthetics, Intravenous↗
PubMed2001

The dose-range effects of propofol on the contractility of fatigued diaphragm in dogs.

UNLABELLED: Diaphragmatic fatigue may contribute to the development of respiratory failure. We studied the dose-range effects of propofol on the contractility of fatigued diaphragm in dogs. Animals were divided into three groups of eight each. In each group, diaphragmatic fatigue was induced by intermittent supramaximal bilateral electrophrenic stimulation at a frequency of 20-Hz stimulation for 30 min. Immediately after the end of a fatigue-producing period, Group 1 received no study drug; Group 2 was infused with small-dose propofol (0.1 mg/kg initial dose plus 1.5 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) maintenance dose); Group 3 was infused with large-dose propofol (0.1 mg/kg initial dose plus 6.0 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) maintenance dose). We assessed diaphragmatic contractility by transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi). After the fatigue-producing period, in each group, Pdi at low-frequency (20-Hz) stimulation decreased from baseline values (P < 0.05), whereas there was no change in Pdi at high-frequency (100-Hz) stimulation. In Groups 2 and 3, with an infusion of propofol, Pdi at 20-Hz stimulation decreased from fatigued values (P < 0.05). Compared with Group 1, Pdi at 20-Hz stimulation decreased from fatigued values (P < 0.05) during propofol administration in Groups 2 and 3. The decrease in Pdi was more in Group 3 than in Group 2 (P < 0.05). We conclude that propofol decreases the contractility of fatigued canine diaphragm in a dose-related fashion. IMPLICATIONS: Propofol is a widely used IV anesthetic for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia and sedation. It decreases, in a dose-related fashion, the contractility of fatigued diaphragm in dogs.

Anesthetics, Intravenous↗
PubMed2001

Prevention of vomiting after tonsillectomy in children: granisetron versus ramosetron.

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Granisetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, is effective for the prevention of vomiting after tonsillectomy in children. Ramosetron (Nasea; Yamanouchi; Tokyo, Japan), another new antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamione type 3 receptor, has more potent and longer-acting properties than granisetron (Kytril; Smith Kline Beecham, London, UK) against cisplatin-induced emesis. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of granisetron and ramosetron for the prevention of vomiting after pediatric tonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. METHODS: Ninety pediatric patients, aged 4 to 10 years, received intravenously granisetron 40 microg/kg or ramosetron 6 microg/kg (n = 45 each) at the end of surgery. The same standard general anesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were used throughout. Emetic episodes and safety assessment were performed during the first 24-hour period and the next 24-hour period after anesthesia. RESULTS: The rates of patients being emesis-free during the period from 0 to 24 hours after anesthesia were 89% with granisetron and 93% with ramosetron, respectively (P = .357); the corresponding rates during the period from 24 to 48 hours after anesthesia were 71% and 93%, respectively (P = .006). No clinically serious adverse events attributable to the study drugs were observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: Ramosetron is a better antiemetic than granisetron for the long-term prevention of postoperative vomiting in children undergoing general anesthesia for tonsillectomy.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed2001

Association study of polymorphisms in the GluR5 kainate receptor gene (GRIK1) with schizophrenia.

The glutamatergic dysfunction hypothesis suggests genes involved in glutamatergic transmission as candidates for schizophrenia susceptibility genes. We screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the entire coding sequence of the GluR5 kainate receptor gene, GRIK1, by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing. We identified six SNPs including three known ones, 522A/C (174T, synonymous), 1173C/T (391D, synonymous), and 2705C/T (902L/S), as well as three novel ones, 995C/T (332A/V), 2400C/T (800L, synonymous), and 2585A/G (862R/Q). We genotyped Japanese samples of schizophrenia (n = 193-203) and healthy controls (n = 199-215) for three SNPs those were commonly observed in our samples, 522A/C, 1173C/T, and 2705C/T. We observed no significant associations of the SNPs and their haplotypes with schizophrenia. Therefore, we conclude that GRIK1 does not play a major role in schizophrenia pathogenesis in the Japanese population.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Expression of Periostin, homologous with an insect cell adhesion molecule, as a prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancers.

We used our palindromic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-driven cDNA differential display technique to identify and isolate a gene, designated periostin, from cancer tissues and found it to be overexpressed in several human tumors. We attempted to determine the influence of periostin expression on clinical outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR analysis. Periostin gene was highly expressed at the tumor periphery of lung cancer tissue but not within the tumor by in situ RNA hybridization, suggesting that expression of periostin may be involved in the process of tumor invasion. Periostin transcripts were detected in 50 (49.0%) of the tumor samples, although some paired normal lung samples showed weak expression. There was no relationship between periostin gene expression and gender, N- or T-status. The NSCLC patients with periostin expression had significantly poorer survival than the patients without periostin expression (P = 0.0338).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Ramosetron compared with granisetron for the prevention of vomiting following strabismus surgery in children.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Postoperative vomiting occurs frequently after strabismus surgery in children. Granisetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, is effective for the prevention of vomiting following paediatric strabismus surgery. Ramosetron, another new antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor, has more potent and longer acting properties than granisetron against cisplatin induced emesis. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of granisetron and ramosetron for the prevention of vomiting following strabismus surgery in children. METHODS: In a randomised, double blinded manner 80 children, aged 4-10 years, received intravenously granisetron 40 microg/kg or ramosetron 6 microg/kg (n=40 each) at the end of surgery. A standard general anaesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were used. Emetic episodes and safety assessment were performed during the first 24 hours and the next 24 hours after anaesthesia. RESULTS: The percentage of patients who were emesis free during 0-24 hours after anaesthesia was 85% with granisetron and 90% with ramosetron, respectively (p = 0.369); the corresponding rate during 24-48 hours after anaesthesia was 70% and 95% (p = 0.003). No clinically serious adverse events caused by the study drug were observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with ramosetron is comparable with granisetron for the prevention of vomiting during 0-24 hours after anaesthesia in children undergoing strabismus surgery. During 24-48 hours after anaesthesia, ramosetron is more effective than granisetron for prophylaxis against postoperative vomiting.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Significantly rapid relief from steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome by LDL apheresis compared with steroid monotherapy.

Rapid amelioration of hypercholesterolemia by LDL apheresis (LDL-A) was performed for long-standing nephrotic syndrome (NS) with hyperlipidemia due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FGS) and the clinical data and prognosis were compared between LDL-A-treated and nontreated groups. Seventeen steroid-resistant NS patients treated with LDL-A (LDL-A group) and 10 NS patients treated with steroids only (steroid-monotherapy (SM) group) were compared. Serum cholesterol and phospholipid levels were significantly lowered only in the LDL-A group (p < 0.01, respectively). The LDL-A group showed a significant decrease of urinary protein (UP, p < 0.01) and increase of serum albumin (p < 0.05). Average time needed to achieve a decrease of UP to less than nephrotic range (< 3.5 g/day) was significantly shorter in the LDL-A group than in the SM group (p < 0.01). Although this is not a prospective study, it is highly expected that a rapid improvement of hypercholesterolemia by LDL-A in steroid-resistant NS will provide more rapid relief from NS than steroid therapy alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Planum temporale: where spoken and written language meet.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies on spoken versus written language processing were performed in 20 right-handed normal volunteers on a high-field (3.0-tesla) system. The areas activated in common by both auditory (listening) and visual (reading) language comprehension paradigms were mapped onto the planum temporale (20/20), primary auditory region (2/20), superior temporal sulcus area (2/20) and planum parietale (3/20). The study indicates that the planum temporale represents a common traffic area for cortical processing which needs to access the system of language comprehension. The destruction of this area can result in comprehension deficits in both spoken and written language, i.e. a classical case of Wernicke's aphasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Hemostatic activation in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is no in-depth information available on the changes in hemostatic systems in patients in the acute phase of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study was conducted to assess the relationships between the changes in hemostatic systems and clinical parameters in patients in acute-phase ICH. METHODS: The records of 358 patients admitted within 6 hours of onset of ICH were reviewed to examine the relationships between changes in hemostatic systems and computed tomographic findings and clinical parameters. RESULTS: -The white blood cell counts and the levels of thrombin-antithrombin complex, plasmin-antiplasmin complex, and D-dimer in patients with intraventricular extension (IVE) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in patients without IVE or SAH. Most of the hemostatic system parameters in patients without IVE or SAH showed no significant differences compared with normal subjects. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the levels of thrombin-antithrombin complex significantly increased with an increase in the amount of SAH (P<0.001) and IVE (P<0.001). The levels of thrombin-antithrombin complex were not significantly associated with the volume of intraparenchymal hematoma. The level of the complex, however, was significantly (P<0.001) and independently associated with the presence of IVE or SAH (multiple logistic regression analysis). CONCLUSIONS: The systemic activation of hemostatic systems in ICH patients seems to take place only when blood reaches the subarachnoid space. The intraparenchymal hematoma itself seems unlikely to activate hemostatic systems in peripheral blood, although the hematoma is expected to cause local activation of hemostatic systems.

Antifibrinolytic Agents↗