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Biomedical subjects

Y Fujii

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fujii.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Alterations in extracellular matrix components and integrins in patients with preeclamptic nephropathy.

The glomerular features of patients with preeclampsia consist of swelling of endothelial cells, subendothelial deposits of incompletely defined material, and thickening of the capillary walls. These abnormalities are thought to resolve in the postpartum period. The distribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and integrins was investigated in 10 such patients. Frozen sections and paraffin-embedded sections were stained with antibodies to type IV collagen, laminin (LN), fibronectin (FN), vitronectin (VN), tenascin (TN), fibronectin receptor (FNR), and vitronectin receptor (VNR). In preeclamptic nephropathy, the accumulation of type IV collagen, LN, FN, TN, and FNR was observed in the thickened capillary walls, particularly in the subendothelial layer and, to some extent, in the mesangium. However, deposits of VN were sparse and the distribution of VNR was similar to that in normal kidney. In segmental sclerotic lesions, the amounts of type IV collagen, LN, FN, VN, and TN were increased, whereas those of FNR and VNR were markedly decreased. These results suggest that the materials deposited in the subendothelial space consist of ECM components as well as of plasma-derived proteins, and that the deposition of ECM components and of FNR may be involved in the development and the reparative process of the characteristic glomerular lesions. The formation of sclerotic lesions was linked to the accumulation of ECM components, but not to an interaction with integrins.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Aggressive angiomyxoma occurring in the scrotum: report of a case.

The authors recently treated a case of aggressive angiomyxoma occurring in the left scrotum. A 61-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed as having an inguinal irreducible hernia that descended to the bottom of the scrotum preoperatively. However, during the operation a large tumor was found between the spermatic fascia and the skin pressing the testis upward. The tumor measured 20 x 15 x 15 cm, was yellowish with a smooth surface encapsulated by a membrane similar to the pleura, and the cut surface was gelatinous. The histological findings indicated that the tumor had thick-walled vessels which had prominently increased in size, delicately waved collagen fibers, and stromal cells in a myxoid background. The patient has remained recurrence-free as of 11 months after surgery.

Capillaries↗
PubMed1996

Effects of early insulin treatment on ultrastructural changes of glomeruli in diabetic rats revealed by the quick-freezing and deep-etching method.

The three-dimensional ultrastructure of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and mesangial matrix (MM) at an early stage of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus in rats was examined by the quick-freezing and deep-etching method. In diabetic rats, the GBM inner layer was diffusely enlarged and the meshwork structure not only in the GBM middle layer but also in the MM became markedly irregular due to the rupture of fine fibrils. This irregularity and enlargement of the mesh pores in diabetic rats developed during the experimental period and was significantly different from results in control rats. Insulin treatment from 1 week after STZ injection had significant effects in preventing the ultrastructural changes in the GBM and MM. It is suggested that early insulin treatment has significant effects in preventing size barrier disturbance of GBM and MM in STZ-induced diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of trabecular bone density at vertebral and radial sites using quantitative computed tomography.

Trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (VMD) was measured at the lumbar spine using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and at the distal radius using peripheral QCT (pQCT) in 60 Japanese women aged 21-86 years. The age-dependent decrease between age 20 and 80 years was found to be almost identical between vertebral trabecular VMD and radial trabecular VMD, averaging 2.5 +/- 0.26 (SE) and 2.5 +/- 0.30 mg/cm3 per year, respectively. A highly significant correlation was found between vertebral and radial trabecular VMD (r = 0.806, p < 0.001) with a prediction error of +/- 9.6% (+/- SD/mean). In the present study, a relatively constant trabecular VMD ratio was found between the vertebral and distal radial sites, despite the relatively small study population. This may indicate a close parallelism between vertebral and radial trabecular bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Heated oyster shell-seaweed calcium (AAA Ca) on osteoporosis.

A randomized, prospective, double-blind test was carried out to compare the effects of heated oyster shell-seaweed calcium (AAA Ca), calcium carbonate, and placebo in 58 elderly, hospitalized women with the mean age of 80 divided into three groups. Group A received 900 mg/day Ca as AAA Ca, Group B 900 mg/day Ca as CaCO3, and Group C placebo besides regular hospital diet containing approximately 600 mg Ca/day for 24 months. From the 25th to the 30th month, all groups were given AAA Ca. Lumbar spine and radial bone mineral density (BMD) were measured at 3-month intervals. Urinary Ca/Cr and serum alkaline phosphatase, intact and midportion serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin were also measured at intervals. From the 6th to the 24th month of the study, the ratio of lumbar spine BMD (L2-L4 by DPX, Lunar) to the basal pretest value was consistently and significantly higher in Group A than Group C but not higher in Group B than in Group C. PTH, measured 12 months after the beginning of the study, was lower in Group A than in Group C, but no significant difference was found between Groups B and C. At 3 months after the placebo was switched to AAA Ca in Group C, serum PTH was significantly decreased from the level during placebo supplement. Morning urine Ca/Cr decreased in Groups A after 18 months and in B after 12 months, but not in C. Serum alkaline phosphatase decreased in Group A significantly compared with Group C, but not in Group B. AAA Ca appears to be effective for increasing BMD in elderly subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Antiemetic effects of granisetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with and without motion sickness.

PURPOSE: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to evaluate the effects of granisetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in 110 patients with (n = 50) and without (n = 60) a history of motion sickness undergoing general anaesthesia for major gynaecological surgery. METHODS: The patients received a single dose of either granisetron (40 micrograms.kg-1) or placebo (saline) iv over 2-5 min immediately before induction of anaesthesia. Postoperatively, during the first 24 hr after anaesthesia, the frequencies of nausea and vomiting were recorded. RESULTS: Except for a positive history of motion sickness, the treatment groups were similar for patient characteristics, types of surgery, anaesthetics administered and opioids given. Postoperatively, the frequency of nausea was 44% and 16% after administration of placebo and granisetron in patients with motion sickness, and was 30% and 7% in patients without it, respectively; the corresponding frequencies of vomiting were 28%, 8%, 13% and 3%. The incidence of adverse events postoperatively were not different among the groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that preoperative prophylactic administration of granisetron is effective and safe for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with motion sickness as well as in patients without it.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Antiemetic efficacy of granisetron and metoclopramide in children undergoing ophthalmic or ENT surgery.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of granisetron, metoclopramide and placebo in reducting the frequencies of retching and vomiting in children who had undergone strabismus repair and tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind study, 70 healthy subjects, 4-10 yr of age, were given a single dose of either placebo (saline, n = 24), metoclopramide 0.25 mg.kg-1 (n = 23) granisetron 40 micrograms.kg-1 (n = 23) iv over two to five minutes after the induction of anaesthesia. All subjects received inhalation anaesthesia with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Rescue antiemetics were administered if two or more episodes of vomiting occurred. Acetaminophen pr or pentazocine iv was given as needed for postoperative pain. All subjects remained in hospital for two days. During the first three and the next 21 hr after anaesthesia, the frequencies of retching and vomiting were recorded by nursing staff. RESULTS: There was no difference among groups with regard to demographic characteristics, surgical procedures, anaesthetics administered, postoperative managements, or adverse effects. During 0-3 hr after anaesthesia, the frequencies of retching and vomiting were: placebo 62%, metoclopramide 22% and granisetron 13% (P < 0.05). The corresponding frequencies during 3-24 hr after anaesthesia were: placebo 50%, metoclopramide 39% and granisetron 13% (P < 0.05). Four children who had received placebo and three who had received metoclopramide required another rescue antiemetic. CONCLUSION: Granisetron 40 micrograms.kg-1 is more effective than either metoclopramide or placebo in reducing the frequencies of postoperative retching and vomiting during the first 24 hr after anaesthesia in children who have undergone strabismus surgery and tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1996

Granistron and dexamethasone provide more improved prevention of postoperative emesis than granisetron alone in children.

PURPOSE: Dexamethasone decreases chemotherapy-induced emesis when added to antiemetic regimens. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of granisetron and dexamethasone with granisetron alone in the prevention of post-operative vomiting after strabismus repair, tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy in children. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind study, 60 healthy children, 4-10 yr of age, received either granisetron 40 micrograms.kg-1 and saline (Group S) or granisetron 40 micrograms.kg-1 and dexamethasone 4 mg (Group D) iv immediately after the induction of anaesthesia. All subjects received anaesthetics consisting of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen Postoperative pain was treated with acetaminophen pr or pentazocine iv. Postoperatively, during the first 24 hr after anaesthesia, the frequencies of retching and vomiting, and the incidence of adverse events were recorded by nursing staff. RESULTS: There were no differences between the treatment groups with regard to demographics, surgical procedure, anaesthetic administered or analgesics used for postoperative pain. The frequency of the symptoms was 27% and 7% in Groups S and D, respectively (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse events was comparable in the two groups. CONCLUSION: The prophylactic administration of granisetron and dexamethasone was more effective than granisetron alone in the prevention of postoperative vomiting in paediatric subjects undergoing strabismus repair, tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1996

Granisetron reduces vomiting after strabismus surgery and tonsillectomy in children.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the antiemetic efficacy of granisetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, on postoperative vomiting in children undergoing general anaesthesia for strabismus repair and tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. METHODS: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, fifty patients, 4-10 yr of age, were given a single dose of either placebo (saline, n = 25) or granisetron (40 micrograms.kg-1, n = 25) iv over 2-5 min after the induction of anaesthesia and prior to the surgical procedure. Postoperatively, during the first 24 hr after anaesthesia, the frequencies of retching and vomiting were recorded. RESULTS: There were no differences between the two groups with regard to patient characteristics, surgical procedures and anaesthetic or postoperative management. The incidence of retching was 36% and 12% after administration of placebo or granisetron, respectively (P < 0.05); the corresponding frequencies of vomiting were 32% and 8% (P < 0.05). Four children who had received placebo required another rescue antiemetic drug, whereas none who had received granisetron needed this agent. CONCLUSION: Granisetron is effective in the prevention of retching and vomiting after strabismus repair and tonsillectomy in paediatric patients.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1996

Effective dose of granisetron for preventing postoperative emesis in children.

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the minimum effective dose of granisetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, to prevent postoperative vomiting in children who have undergone strabismus repair, tonsillectomy or tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind fashion, 80 healthy children aged 4-10 yr were assigned to receive either placebo (saline) or granisetron in a dose of 20, 40 or 80 micrograms.kg-1 iv immediately following the induction of anaesthesia. All subjects received a standardized anaesthetic, which consisted of sevoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen. Rescue antiemetics were administered if two or more episodes of vomiting occurred. Postoperative pain was treated with acetaminophene pr or pentazocine iv. During the first 24 hr after anaesthesia, the frequencies of retching and vomiting were recorded in a standardized fashion by nursing staff while subjects were in a hospital. RESULTS: There were no differences among four treatment groups with regard to subject characteristics, surgical procedures, anaesthetic and postoperative management or adverse effects. The frequencies of these symptoms were as follows: 65%, 60%, 20% and 15% after administration of placebo, granisetron 20, 40 or 80 micrograms.kg-1. Three children who had received either placebo or granisetron 20 micrograms.kg-1 required another rescue antiemetic drug, whereas none who had received granisetron 40 or 80 micrograms.kg-1 needed rescue drugs. CONCLUSION: Granisetron 40 micrograms.kg-1 is an effective antiemetic for preventing retching and vomiting following strabismus repair and tonsillectomy in children. Increasing the dose to 80 micrograms.kg-1 provided no demonstrable benefit in reducing postoperative emesis.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1996

Apoptotic process of cerebellar degeneration in experimental methylmercury intoxication of rats.

This report deals with the mechanism involved in the cerebellar degeneration following experimental methylmercury poisoning of male Wistar rats. The cerebellar granule cells of animals that exhibited typical hind leg paresis were shrunken and displayed marked nuclear pyknosis. At the ultrastructural level, the nuclei of these cells were condensed and fragmented, features which are characteristic of apoptosis. In situ staining for DNA strand breaks revealed that the pyknotic nuclei were positively labeled. DNA fragmentation was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis; a ladder pattern of multiples of approximately 200-base pair fragments, typical of apoptosis, was observed with the cerebellar DNA of the methylmercury-treated animals. These observations suggest that the degeneration of cerebellar granule cells by alkyl mercury compounds involves an apoptotic process.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Changes in citrate concentration in the mouse uterus with experimentally-induced adenomyosis.

Components of the uterine fluid in mice with experimentally-induced adenomyosis and in controls were examined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. One of the components was markedly different in mice with adenomyosis. As this component was estimated to be citrate by comparison with authentic samples (standard spectrum), its levels in uterine fluid, uterine tissue and blood were determined by enzymatic analysis. The fluid obtained from the uterus with adenomyosis showed significantly lower concentration of citrate than that from normal uterus. However, the uterine tissue concentration was significantly higher in the experimental mice with adenomyosis. There was no difference in the blood citrate level between the experimental and the control groups. Since adenomyosis was induced by chronic hyperprolactinemia, the change of citrate level in the uterus with this lesion might imply some effects of prolactin (PRL) on metabolism and/or secretion of citrate. However, in normal mice, no significant change was demonstrated in uterine citrate concentration after short-term experimental modulation of the circulating PRL level. Thus, it is unlikely that PRL can regulate directly citrate metabolism in the uterus, indicating some other cause for changes in citrate level accompanying the development of adenomyosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effects of a newly developed transdermal clonidine delivery system (M-5041T) on EEG sleep-wake cycle in relation to plasma concentration in rabbits.

1. The effects of a transdermal clonidine delivery system (M-5041T) on EEG sleep pattern with relation to plasma concentrations in unrestrained rabbits were investigated and compared with those of intravenous (i.v.) administration of clonidine. 2. Although M-5041T did not affect the EEG recorded from cortex and hippocampus at doses up to 2.5 mg/kg, slow theta waves in hippocampal EEG accompanied by low-voltage slow waves in cortex were induced at a higher dose of 12.5 mg/kg. On i.v. injection (0.25 mg/kg), EEG tracings with bursts of high-voltage slow waves in cortical EEG and slow theta waves in hippocampus were observed. 3. At doses of 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg, M-5041T did not cause any alterations of the sleep-wake cycle, and plasma concentrations of 1-2 ng/ml were maintained for an 8-hr observation period. However, this delivery system significantly suppressed the incidence of rapid-eye movement sleep (REMS) from 11.9 to 4.7% and enhanced drowsiness (DW) from 9.0 to 21.0% during the 8-hr recording period at 12.5 mg/kg with a plasma concentration of up to 10 ng/ml. Contrary to transdermal administration, i.v. clonidine (0.25 mg/kg) completely blocked light and deep slow wave sleep as well as REMS with a plasma concentration indicated more than 10 ng/ml at 2 hr post administration. Recovery to a normal sleep-wake cycle was eventually established thereafter. The incidence of REMS and DW were significantly decreased from 11.9 to 6.3% and increased from 9.0 to 25.5%, respectively. 4. Concurrent monitoring of clonidine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indicated that CSF concentrations after patching M-5041T, as well as i.v. clonidine, were almost equal to plasma levels. 5. These results suggest that alteration of the sleep-wake cycle with clonidine occurs depending upon brain concentrations, which increase to a level similar to that in plasma after administration, and that M-5041T at doses of less than 2.5 mg/kg could establish effective hypertensive therapy without obvious effects on the cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis patients: a 20-year review.

BACKGROUND: Since 1973 we have performed extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis because of the presence of thymic tissue in the anterior mediastinal fatty tissue. Follow-up results were reviewed and influencing factors were investigated. METHODS: Three hundred seventy-five patients with myasthenia gravis (286 nonthymomatous and 89 thymomatous) who have undergone extended thymectomies were reviewed. The status of the patients was evaluated as follows: A (remission), B (improvement), C (no change), D (deterioration), E (death due to myasthenia gravis). Evaluation was performed at 3 and 6 months, and at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. The effectiveness of the operation was estimated by the remission rate (RR = A/Total number of patients evaluated) and the palliation rate (PR = A + B/Total number of patients evaluated) at each point. RESULTS: Remission rates of the nonthymomatous patients were 15.2% (3 months), 15.9% (6 months), 22.4% (1 year), 36.9% (3 years), 45.8% (5 years), 55.7% (10 years), 67.2% (15 years), and 50.0% (20 years). Remission rates in the thymomatous patients were 13.6% (3 months), 17.5% (6 months), 27.5% (1 year), 32.4% (3 years), 23.0% (5 years), 30.0% (10 years), 31.8% (15 years), and 37.5% (20 years). Absence of thymoma, younger age, and short duration of the disease were favorable prognostic factors. Thymectomy was effective also in patients with ocular myasthenia gravis. Preoperative steroid administration did not improve the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Extended thymectomy is an excellent operative procedure for myasthenia gravis in both nonthymomatous and thymomatous patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Nonobstructing accessory mitral valve tissue and ventricular septal defect.

A 4-month-old boy with ventricular septal defect was found to have accessory mitral valve tissue attached to the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Operation was successfully performed to excise the accessory mitral tissue in the left ventricular outflow tract and close the ventricular septal defect. Most previously reported cases with accessory mitral valve tissue were associated with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. This boy had no pressure gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract. The indications for prophylactic excision of nonobstructing accessory mitral valve tissue in a patient with other forms of congenital cardiac disease are discussed.

Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular↗
PubMed1996

Cell biology of kidney glomerulus.

It has been accepted that some artifacts are inevitably produced by the conventional preparation steps for electron microscopy, including fixation, dehydration, embedding, ultrathin sectioning, and staining. Therefore, conventional ultrastructural findings on kidney glomeruli are hardly thought to be correlated with the physiological functions of kidneys in vivo. In this chapter, two preparation techniques, the quick-freezing and deep-etching (QF-DE) method or the quick-freezing and freeze-substitution (QF-FS) method, are presented and shown to be useful for clarifying the ultrastructures of kidney glomeruli more closely to structures in vivo with fewer artifacts. Moreover, the ultrastructures of glomerular capillary loops have been demonstrated by a new "in vivo cryotechnique," that shows that hemodynamic factors should be considered in the morphological study of glomerular functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Surgical indications for HIV-infected patients.

We proposed surgical indications for major operations on HIV-infected patients. According to our criteria, major surgery could be performed for HIV-infected patients as long as the surgical approach is preferred and surgery is not likely to exacerbate the subject's quality of life during the course of the disease.

AIDS-Related Complex↗