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Biomedical subjects

Y Fujii

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fujii.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Clinical study on lung cancer as a second primary cancer.

This study evaluates the effect of a previous cancer on the clinical characteristics and the outcome of lung cancer patients. The 313 primary lung cancer patients operated on in the Osaka University Hospital during the period 1984-1993 were reviewed. Of those, 37 had a history of previous cancer. In the lung cancer patients with a history of previous cancer, 20 had adenocarcinomas, 14 had squamous cell carcinomas, while 3 had other cancers. The previous malignancies included 13 gastric cancers, 10 head and neck cancers, 6 colorectal cancers, and 8 others. The pathological stage was 17 stage I, 1 stage II, 15 stage IIIA, 1 stage IIIB, and 3 stage IV. The 5-year survival rate was 37.9%. In patients without a history of previous cancer, there were 139 adenocarcinomas, 100 squamous cell carcinomas, and 37 others. The pathological stage was 126 stage I, 33 stage II, 74 stage IIIA, 23 stage IIIB, and 20 stage IV. The 5-year survival rate was 43.3%. There were no significant differences in the cell type, stage, or survival between the lung cancers found as the first and second cancers. Lung cancer patients with a history of previous cancer are expected to respond to a resection as well as those with lung cancer appearing as their first cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Hodgkin's disease of the chest wall: report of a case.

Hodgkin's disease primarily originating from the chest wall is very rare. A 48-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow on a chest X-ray. Radiographic examinations suggested a neurogenic tumor located in the right second-intercostal space, and it was thus extirpated thoracoscopically. The tumor was thought to have arisen from the subpleural space, probably from a lymph node of the chest wall. The resected specimen measured 5.5 x 2.0 cm in size, and the pathological diagnosis was Hodgkin's disease of the diffuse lymphocyte predominant type. A clinical examination showed no other lesions in any other part of the body, including the bone marrow. Following surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy (COPP-ABVD) was given because of the possible scattering of malignant cells during surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Hodgkin's disease originating in the chest wall.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed1998

Endogenous protease-dependent replication of human influenza viruses in two MDCK cell lines.

Multi-cycle replication and plaque formation of influenza A and B viruses and cleavage activation of their hemagglutinin (HA) by an endogenous protease(s) were examined in two MDCK cell lines, MDCK(-) and MDCK(+). No exogenous trypsin was required for multi-cycle replication and plaque formation of all the influenza A viruses tested in the MDCK(+) cell, while those of the viruses in the MDCK(-) cell were completely trypsin-dependent. In both cell lines, on the other hand, influenza B viruses grew well in the absence of trypsin. The capability of multiple replication and plaque formation of the influenza viruses correlated with cleavage of the HA precursor (HA0) to HA1 and HA2, indicating that both cell lines express an HA activating endoprotease(s); that of the MDCK(+) cell activates the HA of influenza A and B viruses, and that of the MDCK(-) cell does only the HA of influenza B virus. Furthermore, the protease of the MDCK(+) cell was strongly suggested to be present on the cell surface and a serine protease. The MDCK(+) cell would be useful for isolation of influenza viruses from clinical specimens and for screening of protease inhibitors for anti-influenza virus drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

High-field (3.0 T) functional MRI sequential epoch analysis: an example for motion control analysis.

The widely accepted method of blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) is a subtractive approach of state related analysis based on pictorial statistics, analogous to its predecessor, H2O(15) positron emission tomography (H2O(15)-PET). Although BOLD-fMRI has been shown to have several definite advantages over H2O(15)-PET, it has also been found to be much more artifact prone. This is primarily due to pixel misalignment of raw image data. Furthermore, similar to H2O(15)-PET, conventional means for pictorial analysis in BOLD-fMRI tends to be limited by the relatively low specificity of the observed activation. To overcome this limitation, we investigated a technique for BOLD-fMRI, sequential epoch analysis (SEA), on a high-field (3.0 T) system. The method allows for experimental designs comparable to neurophysiological techniques in primates and enables determination of activation of a selected cerebral cortical region of interest corresponding to a specific task. Utilizing SEA, we successfully identified a specific area within the premotor cortex which is activated complementary to the contralateral hand motion. The findings have strong implications regarding the neurological substrate responsible for the well described clinical phenomenon of physiological mirror movements in infants. The current study validated SEA BOLD-fMRI on a high-field system as a complementary method in the pictorial analysis of conventional fMRI, effectively offsetting the inherent problems of the conventional method, principally pixel misalignment and the relatively low specificity of the observed activation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The ultrastructure of anionic sites in rat articular cartilage as revealed by different preparation methods and polyethyleneimine staining.

The ultrastructure of anionic sites in the middle layer of rat articular cartilages was studied by two methods, the quick-freezing and deep-etching method, and the quick-freezing and freeze-substitution method. The anionic sites were visualized with a cationic tracer, polyethyleneimine. They were also compared with those revealed in tissues subjected to conventional fixation, such as pre-embedding or post-embedding. With the deep-etching method, three-dimensional meshwork structures were observed more clearly in the extracellular matrix compared with those seen in conventional ultrathin sections. In combination with polyethyleneimine staining, in which no chemical contrast was needed for visualization of anionic sites, numerous stained particles were detected around filaments in the extracellular matrix, indicating that they were anionic sites consisting mainly of proteoglycans. With the pre-embedding method and polyethyleneimine staining, the shapes of aggregated stained particles varied with different preparation procedures, including chemical fixation and contrasting. The fine meshworks were also observed with the post-embedding method and polyethyleneimine staining. It is suggested that such images of anionic sites, as revealed by the deep-etching method and the post-embedding polyethyleneimine-staining method with low-temperature dehydration, are probably closer to native states than those revealed by the conventional pre-embedding polyethyleneimine-staining method.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Recovery of post-tetanic count and train-of-four responses at the great toe and thumb.

We have studied the recovery of post-tetanic count and train-of-four responses at the great toe and thumb accelerographically after the administration of vecuronium 0.2 mg.kg-1. Sixty adult patients scheduled for anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and isoflurane were studied. The times to the return of the first post-tetanic twitch were comparable at the great toe and thumb (mean (SD) times: 30.0 (6.5) min and 35.0 (8.5) min, respectively). Recovery of post-tetanic count followed similar time courses at the great toe and thumb. Also, time to the return of the first twitch of the train-of-four did not differ significantly at the great toe and the thumb (47.5 (9.6) min vs. 49.7 (10.5) min). Similarly, time to the return of the second, third and fourth twitches of the train-of-four did not significantly differ at the great toe and the thumb. However, the value of the first twitch of the train-of-four, expressed as a proportion of control twitch, was significantly higher than that at the thumb between 50 min and 110 min after the vecuronium injection, and the train-of-four ratio at the great toe was significantly higher than that at the thumb between 60 min and 100 min after the vecuronium injection.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Prophylactic anti-emetic therapy with granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide in female patients undergoing middle ear surgery.

The efficacy of granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients undergoing middle ear surgery was compared. In a randomised, double-blind study, 180 patients received granisetron 40 micrograms.kg-1, droperidol 20 micrograms.kg-1 or metoclopramide 0.2 mg.kg-1 given intravenously immediately before induction of anaesthesia (n = 60 for each). A standardised general anaesthetic technique was employed throughout. A complete response, defined as no postoperative nausea and vomiting and no need for another rescue anti-emetic, during the first 3 h after anaesthesia was achieved in 83%, 58% and 55% of patients who had received granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide, respectively. The corresponding incidence during the next 21 h after anaesthesia was 85%, 54% and 47% (p < 0.05). No clinically important adverse effects were observed in any of the groups. We conclude that prophylactic therapy with granisetron is superior to droperidol or metoclopramide in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Neoplastic thymic epithelial cells of human thymoma support T cell development from CD4-CD8- cells to CD4+CD8+ cells in vitro.

Human thymoma is a thymic epithelial cell tumour which often contains a large number of immature T cells and is frequently associated with autoimmune diseases. Since thymic epithelial cells play key roles in the development and selection of T cells in the normal thymus, we hypothesized that the neoplastic thymic epithelial cells of thymoma may support T cell differentiation in the tumour. We characterized CD4-CD8- cells in thymoma and applied an in vitro reconstitution culture system using the CD4-CD8- cells and the neoplastic epithelial cells isolated from thymoma. CD34, a stem cell marker, was expressed on 29.9 +/- 12.2% of CD4-CD8- cells in thymoma. TCRgammadelta was expressed on 27.4 +/- 15.1% of CD4-CD8- cells and CD19, a B cell marker, was expressed on 14.1 +/- 23.1% of CD4-CD8- cells. CD4-CD8- cells expressed both IL-7R alpha-chain and common gamma-chain. Purified CD4-CD8- cells from thymomas were cultured with the neoplastic epithelial cells, and their differentiation into CD4+CD8+ cells via CD4 single-positive intermediates was observed within 9 days' co-culture in the presence of recombinant IL-7. Furthermore, we examined the reconstitution culture using CD34+CD4-CD8- cells purified from normal infant thymus. The CD34+CD4-CD8- cells in normal thymus also differentiated to CD4+CD8+ cells in the allogeneic co-culture with the neoplastic epithelial cells of thymoma. These results indicate that the tumour cells of thymoma retain the function of thymic epithelial cells and can induce differentiation of T cells in thymoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Efficacy of thoracic epidural analgesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

This study was undertaken to determine whether epidural analgesia has any benefit for post-operative pain relief in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive post-operative epidural analgesia with a morphine-bupivacaine combination (Group A, n = 22) or placebo (saline) (Group B, n = 22). The same standard general anaesthetic technique, which consists of nitrous oxide and isoflurane in oxygen was used. Analgesia was assessed using visual analogue pain scores (0-10 cm). The evaluation was carried out 24 and 48 h post-operatively. At 24 h after anaesthesia, pain scores in Group A (2.3 +/- 1.2) were lower than those in Group B (4.4 +/- 1.5) (P < 0.05). However, at 48 h post-operatively, no difference in scores was observed between the two groups. In conclusion, epidural analgesia with a morphine-bupivacaine combination improves pain relief during the first 24 h following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Post-tetanic burst count and train-of-four during recovery from vecuronium-induced intense neuromuscular block under different types of anaesthesia.

Recovery of neuromuscular blockade after vecuronium 0.2 mg kg-1 was measured by post-tetanic burst count (PTBC) and train-of-four (TOF) in 120 adult patients anaesthetized by one of four techniques: neuroleptanaesthesia or one minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane, enflurane, or sevoflurane. Onset of recovery was taken when there was reflex movement in response to carinal stimulation. The time course of recovery measured by burst count was similar for all four types of anaesthesia. Recovery of each of the twitches of the TOF was significantly shorter under neuroleptanaesthesia than under isoflurane, enflurane, or sevoflurane anaesthesia [times to return of T1 were 41.4 +/- 5.4, 51.5 +/- 10.6, 52.2 +/- 10.0, or 55.3 +/- 11.2 min (mean +/- SD). P < 0.05]. The burst count at the onset of reflex movement was less under neuroleptanaesthesia than under isoflurane, enflurane, or sevoflurane anaesthesia (16.3 +/- 4.8, 26.7 +/- 6.7, 27.7 +/- 6.8, 28.0 +/- 8.4, P < 0.05). The ratio of first twitch to control twitch at the onset of reflex movement was the same for all four types of anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Multiple personality disorder in Japan.

The aim of this study was to determine whether the features of multiple personality disorder (MPD) in Japan are similar to those in North America, although a wide disparity exists in the prevalence of MPD between the two areas. In order to describe the features of MPD in Japan, we obtained clinical data from MPD case reports, including two of our own cases, published in Japanese academic journals and compared it with the data from other countries. The cases in Japan differed significantly from those in North America in the mean number of personalities and prevalence of sexual and/or physical abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of granisetron and droperidol in the prevention of vomiting after strabismus surgery or tonsillectomy in children.

This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study evaluated the antiemetic efficacy of granisetron and droperidol in 80 ASA physical status I children, aged 4-10 years, undergoing strabismus surgery or tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. After anaesthetic induction, the patients received either granisetron (40 micrograms.kg-1, n = 40) or droperidol (50 micrograms.kg-1, n = 40) intravenously. The incidence of vomiting during the first 24h after anaesthesia was 15% and 38% after administering granisetron and droperidol, respectively (P = 0.02). The requirement for rescue antiemetic therapy for the treatment of two or more episodes of vomiting was 0% with granisetron and 18% with droperidol (P = 0.001). In conclusion, granisetron was superior to droperidol in reducing the incidence and frequency of postoperative vomiting in paediatric patients.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1998

Prophylactic therapy with granisetron in the prevention of vomiting after paediatric surgery. A randomized, double-blind comparison with droperidol and metoclopramide.

The antiemetic efficacy of droperidol, metoclopramide and granisetron was compared with placebo in the reduction of vomiting after paediatric surgery (the extremities; inguinal hernia; and phimosis) during general inhalational anaesthesia. One hundred children, ASA physical status I, 4-10 years of age, were enrolled in a prospectively, randomized, double-blind investigation and assigned to one of four treatment regimens: placebo (saline, n = 25), droperidol (50 micrograms.kg1, n = 25), metoclopramide (0.25 mg.kg-1, n = 25) or granisetron (40 micrograms.kg-1, n = 25). These drugs were administered intravenously (i.v.) after inhalation induction of anaesthesia. A complete response, defined as no emesis and no need for another rescue antiemetic during the first 24 h after anaesthesia, occurred in 60%, 76%, 68% and 88% of patients who had received placebo, droperidol, metoclopramide and granisetron, respectively (P < 0.05; overall Fisher's exact probability test). The incidence of adverse events postoperatively was not different among the treatment groups. In conclusion, granisetron 40 micrograms.kg-1 is a better antiemetic than droperidol and metoclopramide when compared to placebo for the prevention of postoperative emesis in children.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1998

Morphological study by an 'in vivo cryotechnique' of the shape of erythrocytes circulating in large blood vessels.

Changes in the shape of erythrocytes circulating in large blood vessels of mice were examined by our 'in vivo cryotechnique'. The abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) were cut vertically with a precooled knife and simultaneously an isopentane-propane mixture (-193 degrees C) was poured over them for freezing. They were freeze-substituted in acetone containing 2% osmium tetroxide. Some specimens were embedded in Quetol-812, and thick or ultrathin sections were examined by light or transmission electron microscopy. Serial ultrathin sections were used to reconstruct 3-dimensional images of native erythrocytes. Others were transferred into t-butyl alcohol and freeze-dried for scanning electron microscopy. The tissue surfaces were sufficiently frozen to prevent large ice crystal formation, and erythrocyte shapes were also preserved. The shapes of circulating erythrocytes appeared to be varied in the abdominal aorta but typical biconcave discoid shapes were rarely observed. Conversely, erythrocytes were approximately biconcave discoid in shape in the IVC. Our in vivo cryotechnique was useful for clarifying the in vivo morphology of erythrocytes circulating in large blood vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients during menstruation: comparison of droperidol, metoclopramide and granisetron.

The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is high in women during menstruation. We have compared the efficacy of droperidol, metoclopramide and granisetron in the prevention of PONV in female patients during menstruation undergoing major gynaecological surgery. In a randomized, double-blind study, 120 patients received droperidol 25 micrograms kg-1, metoclopramide 0.2 mg kg-1 or granisetron 40 micrograms kg-1 (n = 40 in each group) i.v. immediately before induction of anaesthesia. A standard general anaesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were used throughout. There was a complete response, defined as no PONV and no administration of rescue medication, during the 24-h observation period in 45% of patients in the droperidol group, 38% in the metoclopramide group and 70% in the granisetron group (P = 0.021 vs droperidol, P = 0.003 vs metoclopramide). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events between groups. We conclude that the prophylactic antiemetic efficacy of granisetron was superior to that of droperidol or metoclopramide for prevention of PONV in women during menstruation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Granisetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting after middle-ear surgery: a dose-ranging study.

This study was undertaken to determine the minimum effective dose of granisetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after middle-ear surgery. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 120 women (ASA I) received placebo (saline) or granisetron at three different doses (20 micrograms kg-1, 40 micrograms kg-1, 100 micrograms kg-1) i.v. immediately before the induction of anaesthesia (n = 30 for each group). A standard general anaesthetic technique was used throughout. A complete response, defined as no PONV and no need for another rescue antiemetic during 0-3 h after anaesthesia, occurred in 40%, 43%, 83% and 87% of patients who had received placebo, granisetron 20 micrograms kg-1, granisetron 40 micrograms kg-1 or granisetron 100 micrograms kg-1, respectively; the corresponding incidence during 3-21 h after anaesthesia was 47%, 47%, 87% and 87% (P < 0.05; overall Fisher's exact probability test). Granisetron 40 micrograms kg-1 appears to be the minimum effective dose for preventing PONV in women undergoing middle-ear surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Granisetron-droperidol combination for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients undergoing breast surgery.

We have compared the efficacy and safety of the combination granisetron-droperidol with each antiemetic alone in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after breast surgery. In a randomized, double-blind study, 150 female patients received granisetron 3 mg, droperidol 1.25 mg or granisetron 3 mg with droperidol 1.25 mg (n = 50 each) i.v., immediately before induction of anaesthesia. A standard general anaesthetic technique was used. The incidence of PONV during the first 24 h after anaesthesia was 18% with granisetron, 38% with droperidol and 4% with the granisetron-droperidol combination (P < 0.05; overall Fisher's exact probability test). We conclude that the granisetron-droperidol combination was more effective than each antiemetic alone in the prevention of PONV in female patients undergoing breast surgery.

Adult↗