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Biomedical subjects

Y Endo

Publications and source records attributed to Y Endo.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Human fetal organ alkaline phosphatases.

The properties of human fetal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have been compared with those of purified human adult hepatic and intestinal ALPs. The ALPs from different human fetal organs were divided into two groups. One terminated universal type was presented in fetal liver, spleen, adrenal, kidney, lung, heart, pancreas, thymus and bone, and was similar to adult hepatic-type ALP. The other terminated intestinal type was presented in fetal intestine and meconium and was similar to adult intestinal ALP. The activity of human fetal intestinal ALP increased markedly with the advance of intra-uterine life during fetal development, and that of human fetal thymus ALP increased slightly.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

N-Acyl-L-aromatic amino acid deacylase in animal tissues.

An enzyme deacylating preferentially N-acyl-L-aromatic amino acids was partially purified from rat kidney. The purification procedure included DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, gel-filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column and further DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The enzyme was thus separated from aminoacylase (N-acylamino-acid amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.14) (acylase I). Although the enzyme preparation contained other acylases, the experimental data (effect of p-chloromercuric benzoate, heat stability and inhibition between substrates) suggest that the enzyme acts preferentially on N-acyl derivatives of L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and L-histidine. This enzyme appears to be present in many animal tissues.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1978

[Anti-HBc within the framework of hepatitis B virus infection: correlation to the form of inflammation and to the viral expression].

168 HBAg seropositive and 105 HBAg seronegative liver biopsies were studied for correlations between anti-HBc titers (indirect immunofluorescence method) and tissue expression of HBsAg and HBcAg (immunofluorescence), Dane particles in blood (immune electron microscopy) and inflammatory reaction. 98.8% of the HBAg seropositive patients were positive for anti-HBc. The mean titers showed statistically significant differences mainly between chronic aggressive hepatitis (1:2(11.3)) versus lobular hepatitis (1:2(10.1)), chronic persistent hepatitis (1:2(9.9)) and nonspecific reactive hepatitis (1:2(7.6)). Due to the considerable deviation of titers within the histological groups, however, titers below 1:2(11) are of low diagnostic relevance, whereas titers above 1:2(12) are mainly indicative of chronic aggressive hepatitis, although acute lobular hepatitis with signs of possible transition to chronicity or chronic persistent hepatitis with strong inflammatory activity may occur. Among HBAg seronegative patients 20% were positive for anti-HBc (mean titer = 1:2(7.7)). Among 78 patients also tested for anti-HBs, 10.2% were positive for both anti-HBc and anti-HBs. In an additional 12.8%, anti-HBc was the only marker of past hepatitis B virus infection. Anti-HBs was the only marker in a further 33%. In none of the HBAg seronegative patients and in only 59% of all HBAg seropositive patients, there was an association of anti-HBc with complete virus synthesis as measured by the demonstration of HBcAg in tissue or Dane particles in blood. It is concluded that anti-HBc is not a criterion of infectiosity but a specific, although non-characteristic, marker for HBAg seropositive acute and chronic hepatitis as well as for terminated HBV infection of all possible inflammatory and HBAg expression types.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Purification and characterization of an anti-inflammatory factor (AIF) from bovine serum.

An anti-inflammatory factor (AIF) was highly purified from normal bovine serum. The purified AIF was a polysaccharide which was formed from a low molecular substance Pro-AIF by macromolecularization. AIF showed potent inhibitory activities against carrageenin induced edema in rats and PMN-leucocyte chemotaxis. It showed no inhibition in cutaneous reaction with serotonin, bradykinin or a mediator releaser compound 48/80. No inhibition was also observed in thermally induced pain, reversed passive Arthus reaction and adjuvant polyarthritis in rats. With these results, the role of AIF in inflammation was discussed.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of alpha-fetoprotein in early infancy.

Serum AFP concentrations of normal subjects were statistically analyzed in order to obtain the normal ranges in early infancy. The 95% prediction band would seem to offer a convenient means of evaluating serum AFP in the age range 0-300 days of life. Some illustrative cases, whose AFP values were formerly considered to be abnormally high but later proved to be within normal range, are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Alpha-fetoprotein, prealbumin, albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and transferrin as diagnostic and therapeutic markers for endodermal sinus tumors.

According to Gitlin, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin, prealbumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and transferrin are normal products of the human yolk sac. They are expected to reappear in human endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor). The synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein and other serum proteins by human endodermal sinus tumor was studied in the culture cells and in the tumor tissue transplanted into nude mice. The results gave evidences of synthesis of some of these proteins including alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Serum concentrations of these proteins were studied in eight children having endodermal sinus tumors. Serum AFP levels were abnormally high in all cases, whereas concentrations of other serum proteins were almost within normal ranges. This might be simply reflected by the fact that pre-albumin, albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and transferrin are already present in large quantities in sera of normal subjects while alpha-fetoprotein is present only in a negligible quantity. Alpha-fetoprotein, as a diagnostic and therapeutic marker of endodermal sinus tumor, showed good correlation to the tumor growth. Serum AFP concentrations declined almost to 0 ng/ml with a half-life of 4 days when surgical removal was complete, whereas serum AFP decreased only to 100-200 ng/ml with radiation and chemotherapy alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Histological development of stapes footplate in human embryos.

Normal development of the human stapes footplate was investigated in serial sections by light microscopy. Materials were obtained from 35 Japanese embryos from the 6th to 32nd week of embryonal age. Eighteen embryos up to 16 weeks of age (3.5mm to 105mm in crown-rump length) were examined, focusing particularly on the lamina stapedialis of the otic capsule. The present study showed that primordial formation of the lamina stapedialis appeared in 16mm embryo and that the lamina was completely formed and fused to the base of the annular stapes in a 35mm embryo. In a 50mm embryo, the adult form of stapes was found with a rim and annular ligament. The results, therefore, seemed to essentially agree with the theory of dual origin and development of the footplate proposed by Cauldwell and Anson, and teratogenic agents might affect any stage of the process producing anomalies, including congenital footplate fixation, congenital absence of the oval window and calcification of the annular ligament.

Ear Ossicles↗
PubMed1978

Protein synthesis by rat transplantable yolk sac tumor and its relation to the cytosol levels of translatable messenger RNA's.

alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) was shown to be the major secretory protein produced in vitro by normal rat yolk sacs. While not so active, AFP production was also detected in the transplantable tumors derived from normal yolk sacs. The major secretory protein synthesized by the tumor cells had a molecular weight of 40,000 and was reactive with an anti-rat albumin antibody. The functional messenger RNA's coding for these proteins were quantitated by translation in a cell-free system derived from wheat germ followed by specific immunoprecipitation of the newly synthesized peptides. The overall template activity of the RNA prepared from the normal yolk sacs and yolk sac tumor cells was virtually identical. The cytosol RNA prepared from the normal yolk sacs was approximately 12 times more active than that from the tumor cells in directing the synthesis of AFP. The presence of the cytosol RNA prepared from the tumor cells was required for the synthesis of proteins immunoprecipitable with the antialbumin antibody. These results suggest that the changes in AFP and albumin synthesis can be accounted for by a corresponding change in the levels of functional messenger RNA's coding for these proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The formation of phosphoenzyme of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Requirement for membrane-bound Ca2+.

Membrane-bound Ca or Mg of sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments were removed by treating the membrane with EDTA or an acidic solution, and the changes in the enzymatic activities of sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments induced by these treatments were examined. With the decrease in the amount of membrane-bound Ca below 1-3-10(-8) mol/mg protein, it was demonstrated that the activity of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase transiently increased and then diminished, that the Ca-uptake and phosphoenzyme formation declined gradually, and that the activity of Mg2+-ATPase was affected to a less extent. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoretic patterns of peptides from the metal-deficient membranes were the same as those of the untreated material. The level of the phosphoenzyme formation of the metal-deficient membrane was restored by increasing the amount of membrane-bound Ca, but not by increasing the amount of membrane-bound Mg.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

Nuclear fluorescence of liver cells for IgG in viral hepatitis B: significance and relation to hepatitis B-core and anti-hepatitis B-core formation.

The occurrence of anti-HBcAg antibodies in the blood as determined by indirect immunofluorescence and its relation to the occurrence of HBsAg in the cytoplasm and of HBcAg and IgG in the nuclei of hepatocytes were studied in the following groups of patients (total of 123 biopsies): I. 64 HBAg-negative patients with various liver diseases; II. 51 HBAg-positive patients without therapeutical immunosuppression (6 acute hepatitis, 10 nonspecific reactive and 10 chronic persistent hepatitis, 19 chronic aggressive hepatitis, 6 "Hippie"-hepatitis); III. 8 kidney transplant recipients. It could be shown that nuclear IgG is found only if both parameters can be demonstrated at the same time: HBcAg in liver cell nuclei and anti-HBcAg antibodies in the serum in titers higher than 1:64. Accordingly, all types of hepatitis with excess formation of nuclear HBcAg (early phase of acute hepatitis, chronic aggressive hepatitis and chronic non-aggressive forms with generalized core formation, i.e. carrier state or chronic persistent hepatitis of the HBc type) may show nuclear fluorescence for IgG. All forms of hepatitis B without detectable core formation (acute hepatitis in the elimination phase, chronic non-aggressive hepatitis with isolated HBsAg expression, i.e. carrier state or chronic persistent hepatitis of the HBs type, posthepatitic phase) do not present nuclear IgG despite eventual anti-HBcAg formation. Finally, lack of anti-HBcAg or very low titers associated with lack of IgG in hepatocytic nuclei do not exclude generalized core formation in liver cell nuclei in chronic persistent hepatitis of effectively immunosuppressed patients. Although the demonstration of nuclear IgG has several diagnostic and prognostic consequences in common with the demonstration of HBcAg, a specific search for the core antigen in the tissue is needed for the correct appraisal of the HBcAg- and HBsAg tissue expression pattern and the associated disease.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗