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Biomedical subjects

Y Endo

Publications and source records attributed to Y Endo.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[In vitro chemosensitivity test using collagen gel matrix for human gastric carcinomas].

We evaluated the usefulness of in vitro human tumor culture system using a specialized collagen gel matrix derived from pigskin as a chemosensitivity test for human gastric cancer including scirrhous type. Seven xenograft tumors derived from human gastric cancers were examined with this system and compared with the data obtained by the nude mouse chemosensitivity assay. Xenograft tumors exhibited an in vivo like three-dimensional growth on the collagen gel matrix. There were very close associations between the results obtained by this assay and those obtained from the same drug by the nude mouse assay. Moreover, this system seemed to be useful for prediction of drug sensitivity for scirrhous type gastric cancers. This in vitro assay system has an advantage for chemosensitivity test, because of its convenience, rapidity, and in vivo like three-dimensional tumor growth.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1991

[Abnormal blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in chronic myeloproliferative disorders].

Thirty-six patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD) were studied as regards blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. These studies revealed various mild abnormalities: activated thromboplastin time (APTT) tended to prolong and the level of factor V decreased significantly. In several cases, the levels of D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin III complex and plasmin-alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex were elevated compared to normal. These results suggest that abnormal coagulation system in the patients with CMPD is related to low grade disseminated intravascular coagulation. Many coagulation factors did not correlate with peripheral blood cell counts. Two patients with polycythemia vera were evaluated for several abnormalities of the coagulation system before and during treatment. Coagulation abnormalities persisted after hematologic control had been achieved. Our results suggest that patients with CMPD have a chronic state of abnormal blood coagulation system even after normalization of blood cell counts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Chemosensitivity test for gastric cancer by in vitro MTT assay].

In vitro MTT assay was applied for examining chemosensitivity with 104 samples; 56 primary tumors, 31 lymph node, 9 liver, and 8 peritoneal metastases, obtained from 87 patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. The rate of effectiveness of various anticancer drugs were as follows; etoposide, 87.7%; cisplatin, 55.1%; mitomycin C, 51.5%; pirarubicin, 50.0%; aclarubicin, 48.8%; carboquone, 31.8%; doxorubicin, 20.3%; and 5-fluorouracil, 12.9%. Etoposide was found to be most effective against gastric carcinoma in this test. Concerning with the metastatic lesions, liver metastases were resistant to all tested drugs. On the other hand, peritoneal metastases were sensitive to etoposide, mitomycin C, and pirarubicin. The results indicate heterogeneity of the chemosensitivity between primary and metastatic lesions, and it was supposed that etoposide might be useful against human gastric cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1991

Protein kinase C activity and protein phosphorylation in mouse sperm.

It has been suggested that the Ca2+ and phospholipid dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C; PKC) plays some intermediary roles in the regulation of the zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction in mouse sperm. We here demonstrated that PKC activity is in the cytosol fraction of mouse sperm and that treatment of sperm with a PKC activator, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), induces translocation of PKC to the membrane fraction. Treatment of epididymal sperm with 20 ng/ml TPA or 20 microM of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 did not induce any specific protein phosphorylation. However, two specific proteins, with molecular weights of 215 kDa and 35 kDa, were significantly phosphorylated when sperm were incubated with A23187 prior to TPA treatment. A similar synergistic effect of TPA and A23187 was observed in Ca2+ accumulation in sperm. We also demonstrated that exogenous PKC purified from human pancreatic cells catalyzes the phosphorylation of these two proteins in vitro as well. The present data support the idea that the activation of PKC and subsequent protein phosphorylation are involved in the regulation of the zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[A study of differential expression of HLA class II antigens in human lymphocytes].

Flow cytometric data of human lymphocyte subset in routine samples of patients have often shown differential expression of HLA Class II (Class II) antigens on T and B lymphocytes in our laboratory. I2 and I3 (both Coulter) were used as monoclonal antibodies for detection of Class II antigens. I2 was able to recognize HLA-DR except for haplotype of HLA-DR7, whose frequency was 1.8% in Japanese. Differential expression of Class II antigens of B lymphocytes in the present study was noticed in approximately 10% of our samples in frequency. In all of the 7 follow-up cases with renal transplantation, decrease of I2 expression on B lymphocytes was consistently noticed. On the other hand, increase of Class II expression on T lymphocytes was often recognized in autoimmune diseases, compared with those of diseases. Two of seven cases of hematologic neoplastic disorders were B cell type of malignant lymphoma and failed to express I2 despite the presence of I3 in terms of differential expression of Class II. In conclusion, the present study indicates that acquired decrease of HLA-DR expression on B lymphocytes was recognized in all of the studied patients with renal transplantation and that lack or decrease of HLA-DR expression on neoplastic B lymphocytes might be one of the characteristics of monoclonal growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Application of anti-p-105 monoclonal antibody to analysis of mode of action of antitumor agents].

For the elucidation of the mode of action of anti-tumor agents, the cell cycle analysis of etoposide and podophyllotoxin was examined by means of the multiparameter flow cytometry using an anti-p-105 monoclonal antibody. The p-105 is one of the proliferation associated nuclear antigens and its expression increases with a cell cycle progression, especially in mitotic phase. Thus, we have applied its anti-monoclonal antibody to the discrimination between M and G2 phases of the gastric cancer cells. The results revealed that etoposide caused a G2 block and retarded an S phase transition, and podophyllotoxin caused both G2 and M phase blocks in the gastric cancer cells. This cell cycle analysis using an anti-p-105 monoclonal antibody would be a useful analysis of the antitumor agents, especially for M phase analysis of human cancer cells because of its rapidity and convenience.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Reactivity of a monoclonal antibody to manganese superoxide dismutase with human ovarian carcinoma.

A monoclonal antibody against manganese superoxide dismutase was assessed for its use in detecting a marker for epithelial ovarian carcinoma. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that less than 1% of normal individuals had serum levels over 150 ng per ml of serum, whereas over 50% of such patients showed elevated amounts. The serum levels of manganese superoxide dismutase correlated with the clinical stage of the disease and with the effects of therapy. The antibody used reacts with cryopreserved epithelial ovarian carcinomas but not with normal adult ovary or other normal tissues. Determination of the levels of this enzyme should provide a useful method for detection and monitoring of responses to treatment of epithelial ovarian carcinomas.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Serum-manganese-superoxide dismutase: normal values and increased levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction and several malignant diseases determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for human manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), using a specific monoclonal antibody raised against the purified enzyme. The Mn-SOD molecule comprises four identical sub-units and this permitted the development of a symmetrical assay, using the same monoclonal antibody as both capture and detector. The assay offers a specific, sensitive and convenient means of measuring immunoreactive Mn-SOD in human sera. Under optimum conditions, the sensitivity of the assay permits the detection of 2-200 ng of purified Mn-SOD from human liver. The mean serum Mn-SOD levels of normal healthy males and females were 99.8 +/- 24.8 (mean +/- SD) and 88.8 +/- 20.8 (mean +/- SD), respectively. A high level of the enzyme was found in the sera of patients with acute myocardial infarction as well as malignant diseases such as acute myeloid leukemia, primary hepatoma and gastric cancer. This is the first report of an ELISA using a monoclonal antibody specific for a distinct epitope of Mn-SOD.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

RNA-protein interaction. An analysis with RNA oligonucleotides of the recognition by alpha-sarcin of a ribosomal domain critical for function.

alpha-Sarcin is a cytotoxic protein that inactivates ribosomes by hydrolyzing a single phosphodiester bond on the 3' side of G-4325 in eukaryotic 28 S rRNA. We have examined the requirements for the recognition by alpha-sarcin of this domain using a synthetic oligoribonucleotide (35-mer) that reproduces the sequence and, we presume, the secondary structure (a stem, a bulged nucleotide, and a loop) at the site of modification. The wild type structure and a large number of variants were transcribed in vitro from synthetic DNA templates with phage T7 RNA polymerase. Recognition of the substrate is strongly favored by a G at the position that corresponds to 4325. There is an absolute requirement for a helical stem; however, it can be reduced from the 7 base pairs in the natural structure to 3 without loss of specificity. The nature of the base pairs in the stem modifies but does not abolish recognition; whereas, the bulged nucleotide does not contribute to identification. Cleavage is materially affected by altering the nucleotides in the universal sequence surrounding G-4325 and changing the position in the loop of the tetranucleotide GAG(sarcin)A leads to loss of recognition by the toxin. We propose that the alpha-sarcin domain RNA participates in elongation factor catalyzed binding of aminoacyl-tRNA and of translocation; that translocation is driven by transitions in the structure of the alpha-sarcin domain RNA initiated by the binding of the factors, or the hydrolysis of GTP, or both; and that to toxin inactivates the ribosomes by preventing this transition.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1990

Demonstration of maturation-promoting and -inhibiting activities in mouse oocytes.

The microinjection of cytoplasm from mature mouse oocytes into immature mouse oocytes induced the resumption of meiosis in the presence of 100 micrograms/ml dibutyryl cyclic AMP or 100 microM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. The volume of cytoplasm injected was critical to bringing about this maturation-promoting activity in mouse oocytes, and 20 pl of cytoplasm seems to be required to overcome the inhibitory effect of cyclic AMP on oocyte maturation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the microinjection of cytoplasm from immature mouse oocytes into immature mouse oocytes augmented the inhibitory effect of cyclic AMP on the resumption of meiosis. These results suggest that the appearance and disappearance of maturation-promoting and -inhibiting activities appear to be dependent on the meiotic stages in the mouse oocytes.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1990

Lectin-reactive profiles of alpha-fetoprotein characterizing hepatocellular carcinoma and related conditions.

Serum alpha-fetoprotein from 146 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, other malignancies, and benign liver diseases, was fractionated by lectin-affinity electrophoresis coupled with our sensitive detection method of antibody-affinity blotting. Compared with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma was characterized by the increase in proportions of lentil lectin A-reactive alpha-fetoprotein-L3 and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein-P4; the yolk sac tumor was characterized by the increase of concanavalin A-nonreactive alpha-fetoprotein-C1, lentil lectin-A-weakly reactive alpha-fetoprotein-L2, erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin-strongly reactive alpha-fetoprotein-P5, and Allomyrina dichotoma lectin-nonreactive, slow-migrating alpha-fetoprotein-Als; and gastrointestinal tumors were characterized by alpha-fetoprotein-C1, alpha-fetoprotein-L2, alpha-fetoprotein-L3, alpha-fetoprotein-P5 and Allomyrina dichotoma-nonreactive alpha-fetoprotein-A1. By combined evaluation of alpha-fetoprotein-L3 and alpha-fetoprotein-P4, hepatocellular carcinoma was discriminated from chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with a sensitivity of 97% at a specificity of 99.7%. Because the alpha-fetoprotein level of the studied cases ranged from 60-1,500,000 ng/mL (60-1,500,000 micrograms/L), mostly greater than 200 ng/mL (200 micrograms/L), additional patients with lower levels of alpha-fetoprotein [16-177 ng/mL (16-177 micrograms/L) for 16 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis and 28-185 ng/mL (28-185 micrograms/L) for 17 cases of liver cirrhosis alone] were analyzed for alpha-fetoprotein-L3 and alpha-fetoprotein-P4. The resulting sensitivity for combined evaluation was still as high as 88% at the same high specificity of 99.7%, indicating that the simultaneous analysis of alpha-fetoprotein-L3 and alpha-fetoprotein-P4 is effective in monitoring the evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Characteristics of glucocorticoid-binding by inflammatory tissue of rats.

Glucocorticoid-binding activities of the granuloma cytosol were compared with those of the liver cytosol and of the serum in vitro. The granuloma cytosol bound cortisol (HC) about 4-fold higher than dexamethasone (DX) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA); the liver cytosol bound these two synthetic agonists more than HC. The kinetic parameters of the glucocorticoid-binding components of the granuloma and the liver cytosols were studied by the Scatchard method. The binding components of the granuloma cytosol had a single class of binding sites with high affinity for these three steroids, whereas the binding site of the liver cytosol had negative cooperativity or consisted of two distinct classes, because its Scatchard plot showed a hyperbolic curve. The granuloma glucocorticoid-binding components will be protein since their binding was prevented by a trypsin treatment and completely lost by heating at 60 C for 5 min. Heating at 25 or 37 degrees C for 30 min did not affect the HC-binding activity of the granuloma cytosol, regardless of prelabeling with the steroid. The binding activity for DX and TA were heat-labile and completely lost by heating the cytosol at 37 degrees C for 30 min without the respective steroid. The results of thermal inactivation and ammonium sulfate fractionation show the granuloma HC-binding protein closely resembles corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). From enzymatic determination of hemoglobin in tissue cytosols, attribution of the contaminating blood to the HC-binding activity of the cytosol is considered to be negligible.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1990

Thymidine kinase and alpha-fetoprotein as biochemical markers of hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene treatment in rats.

It is known that a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in rat liver can be induced by such azo dye carcinogens as 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-MeDAB). Thymidine kinase (TK) catalyzes the formation of deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) by the phosphorylation of thymidine via the salvage pathway. In the present study, we investigated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and TK levels, and tissue TK and its isozyme activities in the liver of rats treated with 3'-MeDAB. Serum TK activities rose abruptly directly after the onset of 3'-MeDAB treatment, peaking after 1 week and then gradually decreasing. At 3 weeks, though serum TK was decreasing, serum AFP and tissue TK began to increase, and oval cells appeared in the liver. At 5 weeks, though serum TK reached a nadir, serum AFP and tissue TK formed transient peaks, and oval cells occupied a major part of the hepatic lobules with hyperplastic nodules. Thereafter, serum TK continued to increase, and serum AFP and tissue TK, after transiently decreasing, re-increased; at 20 weeks, each value was at high level, and mixed type hepatocarcinoma was observed. The liver TK isozymes were separated into three types by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. A 3'-MeDAB diet induced a remarkable increase in activity of cytosolic and fetal type isozyme in non-tumorous regions of livers at 5 weeks and tumorous regions at 20 weeks. These results indicate that early biochemical changes in 3'-MeDAB-induced hepatocarcinoma in rats may serve as a useful model and provide a valuable insight in hepatocarcinogensis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Specific detection of metastasized human tumor cells in embryonic chicks by the polymerase chain reaction.

We have established a highly sensitive method for specific detection of metastasized human tumor cells in embryonic chicks using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cells (HT-1080 or KMST-6) were inoculated into the chorioallantoic membrane vein of the chick embryo and DNA of each embryonic organ was extracted. Then, a human beta-globin-related sequence (576 bp) in the DNA from the embryonic liver and lung was specifically amplified and detected by gel electrophoresis and by a specific oligonucleotide probe. The amplified fragments from the liver DNA samples increased gradually from 2 h to 7 days after HT-1080 inoculation. On the other hand, with inoculation of non-tumorigenic human embryonal fibroblast KMST-6 cells, the DNA from the embryonic liver 7 days after inoculation did not show the PCR-amplified product. This detection technique can contribute significantly to the precise detection of microscopic metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A study of human interstitial lung diseases with special reference to immune complexes and hyaline membrane.

To evaluate the pathogenetic roles of immune complexes and alveolar hyaline membrane in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), immunohistological and ultrastructural studies of the kidney and lung were performed in 23 cases of IIP, 19 cases of autoimmune diseases, 17 cases of interstitial pneumonia other than IIP, and 11 cases of bronchopneumonia as a control group. None of the cases of IIP or interstitial pneumonia other than IIP showed immune complexes in the alveolar and glomerular capillary walls. On the other hand, one case of SLE was positive for IgG and components of complement along the alveolar and glomerular capillary walls. The alveolar hyaline membrane in the present cases revealed immunoglobulins as well as components of complement, which were poorly soluble in chaotropic solution or acidic buffer. These results indicate that circulating immune complexes play a minor role in the pathogenesis of IIP and other types of interstitial pneumonia, and that there is no relationship between immune complex deposition in alveoli and the alveolar hyaline membrane. It is necessary to further investigate factors other than immune complexes involved in alveolar tissue damage and to clarify the significance of the hyaline membrane in the processes occurring from acute changes to pulmonary fibrosis in IIP.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1990

[Therapeutic evaluation of combination therapy using C-425, human native immunoglobulin liquid preparation for i.v. administration, with antibiotics in severe infections in the field of surgery].

In a nationwide study conducted in 11 surgical institutions of C-425, a newly developed human native immunoglobulin liquid preparation for intravenous injection, was combined with conventional antibiotic treatment to investigate the efficacy and safety. A total of 47 patients with severe infections which had not symptomatically responded to 3-day or longer treatment with any antibiotics was included. Doctors in charge judged the efficacy of C-425 to be "excellent" in 3 patients, "good" in 13, "fair" in 15, and "poor" in 4. Thus, a total of 16 patients (45.7%) was judged to have responded to C-425 when the "excellent" and "good" responses were combined. The number responding was 31 (88.6%) when the "fair" cases were also included. Excluding 31 patients who did not meet the Committee's criteria, the Committee judged the efficacy of C-425 in a total of 16 patients; the efficacy was "excellent" in 2 patients, "good" in 4, "fair" in 9, and "poor" in 1. The number of responding patients was 6 (37.5%) of the 16 when the "excellent" and "good" cases were combined, and 15 (93.8%) when the "fair" cases were added. Bacteriological assessment was conducted in a total of 9 patients. Causative bacteria were eradicated in 3 patients, decreased in number in 1, replaced in 2, and persisted in 3. Thus, bacteriological efficacy was observed in 6 of the 9 patients (66.7%). Neither adverse reactions nor drug-related laboratory abnormalities were observed in the 47 patients.

Adult↗