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Biomedical subjects

Y Endo

Publications and source records attributed to Y Endo.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Endobronchial metastasis from a primary uterine osteosarcoma in a patient with multiple myeloma: report of a case.

We present herein the case of a 75-year-old woman with multiple myeloma who underwent a left lower lobectomy for endobronchial metastasis from an uterine osteosarcoma. She had initially been admitted to our hospital for chemotherapy more than 1 year earlier, soon after which a primary uterine osteosarcoma was discovered and a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy performed. One year after the operation, the patient developed hemoptysis. A flexible bronchofiberscopy demonstrated a polypoid mass obstructing the left basal bronchus, and computed tomographic scans showed three pulmonary nodules. Surgery was performed to control the hemoptysis. At thoracotomy, two metastatic nodules were identified in the left lower lobe, and the endobronchial extension of the tumor was resected en bloc with the left lower lobe. The tumor was diagnosed as lung metastasis from the uterine osteosarcoma. Although further lung tumors have recently appeared, the patient has remained well for the 3 years since her last operation without any hemoptysis.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Soft-diet feeding during development enhances later learning abilities in female rats.

We investigated whether a decrease in masticatory work affected not only jaw bone growth but also radial eight-arm maze learning, and whether there was a sexual difference in this effect, if any. Male and female rats, weaned at 3 weeks of age, were fed either pelleted or powdered chow until 16 weeks of age and learning experiments were conducted at 10-13 weeks of age. Almost all of the five dimensions of the jaw bones were greater in rats fed pelleted chow than in rats fed powdered chow in both sexes. The number of correct choices in the last five trials was significantly greater in female, but not in male, rats fed powdered chow, and the number of trials to attain at least seven correct choices in the first eight choices in five consecutive trials was greater in female rats fed pelleted chow than in female rats fed powdered chow and in male rats fed either powdered or pelleted chow. These results suggest that 1) a decrease in masticatory work due to soft-diet feeding during development enhances later learning ability preferentially in female rats, and 2) the reported sexual inferiority of female rats in learning and memory functions is due to hard-diet feeding as the standard laboratory condition.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

Ridogrel improves maternal/fetal homeostasis in an ovine model of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

The effects of ridogrel (a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor/endoperoxide receptor antagonist) were assessed in an ovine model of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Maternal serum prostacyclin and thromboxane levels were quanitiated using RIA, and maternal and neonatal coagulation status was assessed. Pregnancy and neonatal outcome were recorded. Ridogrel, (E)-5-[[[3-pyridinyl)[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methylen]amin++ +] oxy]pentanoic acid, was administered in one bolus dose at 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg IV, three hours following the onset of a 27 hour magnesium sulfate infusion given hypertensive ewes to prevent maternal seizures. At both doses, ridogrel improved neonatal outcome (0% neonatal mortality in each ridogrel group versus 67% neonatal mortality in the magnesium sulfate group), and ridogrel at 0.1 mg/kg IV normalized birth weights. Abnormalities of maternal platelet function (abnormal or no response to collagen), occurring during the ovine syndrome, resolved following ridogrel treatment. Ridogrel's effects on maternal and neonatal coagulation were more dramatic at the 0.1 mg/kg IV dose. Ridogrel appeared to be beneficial in this model of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1994

Molecular characterization of a novel serine protease involved in activation of the complement system by mannose-binding protein.

Mannose-binding protein (MBP) plays an important role in host defense by recognizing sugar residues on certain pathogens and activating the complement cascade. Recently, we described a new protease, designated MBP-associated serine protease (MASP) which is required for complement activation by MBP. We have cloned the cDNA that encodes this protease and found that the deduced amino acid sequence contains an epidermal growth factor-like domain, two short consensus repeats and a serine protease domain. The overall structure of MASP is similar to serine proteases of the first complement component complex, C1r-C1s. Unlike C1r-C1s, however, MASP has a histidine loop structure common to many serine proteases such as trypsin and chymotrypsin. The MASP gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 3 which is different from C1r-C1s as well as from trypsin and chymotrypsin. These findings suggest that MASP may have emerged prior to C1r-C1s from a common ancestor. This implies that MBP-MASP, a complex of lectin and serine protease, presumably evolved prior to adaptive immune recognition involving antibody and the classical complement pathway.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Stimulation of the synthesis of histamine and putrescine in mice by a peptidoglycan of gram-positive bacteria.

To clarify the base of in vivo biological activities of peptidoglycans of Gram-positive bacteria, the effects of a polysaccharide peptide of Staphylococcus epidermidis peptidoglycan (SEPS) on the synthesis of histamine and putrescine in BALB/c mice were examined and compared with those of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS or endotoxin) of Gram-negative bacteria. Within a few hours after its injection into BALB/c mice, SEPS induced histidine decarboxylase (HDC), the enzyme forming histamine, in the liver, lung, spleen and bone marrow, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the enzyme forming putrescine, in the tissues except for the lung. SEPS induced HDC activity even in mast cell-deficient mice and in nude mice. These effects of SEPS were essentially the same as those of LPS. However, the dosage of SEPS capable of inducing HDC and ODC was much higher (100 to 1,000 times) than that of LPS. We have reported that C3H/HeN mice are resistant to SEPS in producing acute arthritis, and their productions of IL-1 and prostaglandin E2 are less than BALB/c mice sensitive to producing acute arthritis. In the present study, it was also found that C3H/HeN mice were markedly resistant to SEPS in inducing HDC activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Etiology of IgA nephropathy syndrome.

Since Berger's original paper on mesangial IgA-IgG deposition with hematuria, there have been a number of clinical and pathological studies regarding IgA immune complexes, the mechanisms of glomerular IgA deposition leading to glomerular injury and animal models of IgA nephropathy. During the last quarter of this century, glomerular changes such as IgA nephropathy have also been observed in cases associated with other diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Schoenlein-Henoch purpura, liver cirrhosis and chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung. This evidence supports the idea of an IgA nephropathy syndrome. On the other hand, IgA is thought to be an important humoral factor at the mucosal immune system and appears to have an antibody function against various etiologic candidates of extrinsic or intrinsic substances at the mucosal and systemic immune system. Glomerular IgA deposition in IgA nephropathy syndrome is thought to result from elevated levels of circulating immune complexes or aggregated IgA due to an overproduction of polymeric IgA as antibodies in the serum and due to the clearance impairment of IgA immune complexes in the hepatic and splenic phagocytic system. The glomerular IgA subclass is not one-sided, but should be evaluated in comparison with the age of patients at renal biopsy; this indicates the approximate age of onset. Cirrhotic IgA glomerulonephritis is not related to Hepatitis B or C virus infection, but to the pathophysiologic condition of liver cirrhosis. Various etiologic candidates such as viral, microbial, dietary antigens or auto-antigens have been listed and experimental models of IgA nephropathy syndrome have provided some clues in understanding the etiology of primary IgA nephropathy. However much still remains to be clarified and some specific epitopes common among these etiologic candidates will have to be identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Potent cholesterol-lowering effect by human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in rabbits. Possible implications of enhancement of macrophage functions and an increase in mRNA for VLDL receptor.

The mechanism by which granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) lowers plasma cholesterol levels is not well understood. We tested recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) on plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in rabbits and attempted to determine the mechanisms of the cholesterol-lowering effect. rhGM-CSF (20 micrograms.kg-1.d-1) was administered to normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits for 2 weeks and to Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits for 1 week. The administration of rhGM-CSF markedly lowered cholesterol and triglycerides, an effect that persisted in normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits even after termination of treatment. The cholesterol-lowering effect of rhGM-CSF was also observed in WHHL rabbits. rhGM-CSF was capable of stimulating granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in vitro in rabbits with an effect comparable to that in humans. Northern blot analysis with rabbit very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor cDNA revealed that rhGM-CSF increased the levels of VLDL receptor mRNA in muscle of rabbits after only 1.5 hours of treatment compared with control (2.6-fold), with the 1.5-fold increase following a 5-day administration. No changes in the levels of LDL receptor mRNA in liver, spleen, and bone marrow were observed in the treated rabbits. These findings suggest that the cholesterol-lowering effect of rhGM-CSF may be mediated by enhancement of macrophage functions in lipid metabolism and the increase in mRNA for VLDL receptor in rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Familial carpal tunnel syndrome due to amyloidogenic transthyretin His 114 variant.

We studied two patients from a Japanese family with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The biopsy samples obtained during CTS surgical release revealed deposits of amyloid that stained with antihuman transthyretin (TTR) antiserum. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified exons of the proband's TTR gene revealed a point mutation resulting in a substitution of histidine for tyrosine at position 114. The mutation was confirmed by PCR-primer-induced restriction analysis. Our findings account for clinical heterogeneity of TTR-derived amyloidosis, and suggest the importance of substitution itself for deposits of amyloid in CTS.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease transmitted by a cadaveric dura mater graft.

We report a case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease developing in a 31-year-old woman 56 months after she received a cadaveric dura mater graft after the removal of a giant pituitary adenoma. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was confirmed by a brain autopsy and the existence of an abnormal isoform of prion protein, verified by both immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis. Moreover, prion protein gene analysis was shown in this case to possess a wild-type genotype. The characteristics of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease after a cadaveric dura mater graft are reviewed and discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

Enhancement of human papillomavirus type 18 gene expression in HeLa cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, 3 beta,5 alpha-dihydroxycholestan-6-one, and cholesterol.

Human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) is involved in the genesis of cervical cancer through expression of its viral oncoprotein in infected cells. A tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), was found to increase the level of HPV18 transcripts in an HPV18-harboring cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. A similar increase in HPV18 expression was also observed on treatment of the cells with an oxygenated cholesterol, 3 beta,5 alpha-dihydroxycholestan-6-one (yakkasterone). The effects on HPV18 expression elicited by TPA and yakkasterone were repressed by a protein kinase inhibitor, staurosporine. Treatment of the cells with cholesterol under serum-free conditions also resulted in an apparent increase of HPV18 expression.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1994

Confluentic acid and 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid, monoamine oxidase B inhibitors in a Brazilian plant, Himatanthus sucuuba.

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors were isolated from the bark of a Brazilian plant, Himatanthus sucuuba (SPR.). Assignments of the 1H- and 13C-NMR data using two dimensional (2D)-NMR techniques showed the active components to be known lichen depsides, confluentic acid (1) and 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid (2). The depside (1) showed selective inhibition of MAO-B with IC50 value of 0.22 microM.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Synthesis of oxygenated cholesterols as structural mimics of phorbol ester-type tumor promoters.

We designed several oxygenated steroids in which functional groups including a hydrophobic group are arranged analogously to those of phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, TPA), with the aim of finding compounds with TPA-like activity, but having a different skeleton and a rigid conformation. The designed steroids, 1 beta,5 alpha-dihydroxy-3 beta-hydroxymethylcholestan-6-one (4), 3 beta,5 alpha-dihydroxycholestan-6-one (5), 3 beta-hydroxymethylcholestan-5 alpha-ol-6-one (6) and 1 beta,3 beta,5 alpha-trihydroxycholestan-6-one (7), were synthesized. A related oxygenated steroid isolated from soft coral, cholestane-1 beta,3 beta-5 alpha,6 beta-tetrol (8), was also synthesized. Among these analogs, compound 7 showed weak TPA-like activities in three biological tests: inhibition to protein kinase C and to cytosolic-nuclear tumor promoter-binding protein (CN-TPBP), and induction of differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) to monocyte-like cells. On the other hand, compound 5 was found to be a specific ligand for CN-TPBP, but lacked the other TPA-like activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[The active conformation of teleocidins: design and synthesis of new active molecules].

This review deals with structure-activity relationships, conformational analysis of teleocidins and creation of new active compounds for the determination of active conformation of teleocidins. Phorbol esters containing 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and teleocidins which are classified as TPA-type tumor promoters exhibit potent tumor-promoting activity as well as many important biological activities connected with cell prolification and cell differentiation. Teleocidins are known to exist in an equilibrium between two conformational states in solution, the twist and the sofa forms. The low energy barrier between the two conformers makes it difficult to identify the mode of interaction of these promoters with common macromolecular targets. Design and synthesis of molecules having a new skeleton (benzolactams) and producing two conformations of teleocidins solve the problem. Benzolactams become the simplest molecule reproducing the conformation and activity of teleocidin, and will be a useful tool for the study of tumor-promotion and cell differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Phenoxenium ions: generations and reactions].

The acid-catalyzed reaction of N-acyl- and N-sulfonylhydroxylamines with benzene proceeded smoothly to give C-C products; 2- and 4-hydroxybiphenyls. The reaction and the thermolysis of N-aryloxypyridinium salts involve common intermediates. The results of product analysis, the orientation of the reaction, effects of substituents on the nitrogen atom and on the phenyl ring suggested a mechanism involving a phenoxenium ion. The positive charge of the phenoxenium ion localized not on the oxygen atom but on the ortho and para carbons of the benzene ring. C-O product: diphenylethers are formed when the heterolysis of the N-O bonds is slow and the aromatic solvent has high nucleophilicity, suggesting an SN2-like reaction on the oxygen atom. The phenoxenium ions are also concerned with a rearrangement of O-arylhydroxylamine to 2-aminophenol. An ion-molecule pair involving phenoxenium ion and ammonia as an intermediate of the intramolecular ortho rearrangement.

Catalysis↗
PubMed1994

"Myocardial stunning"-like phenomenon during a crisis of pheochromocytoma.

A woman with a pheochromocytoma crisis initiated by cardiogenic shock showed severely impaired left ventricular contraction at the time of admission. Heart failure was improved rapidly, and an endomyocardial biopsy performed on the 11th day of admission showed findings compatible with "catecholamine cardiomyopathy". Regarding the pathogenesis of short-duration left ventricular dysfunction, catecholamine-induced cardiotoxicity would probably be the initial consideration. However, in this case, after considering the electrocardiogram on admission and a series of left ventriculograms, "myocardial stunning" following diffuse coronary vasospasm induced by catecholamine crisis may have also contributed to the dysfunction.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Improvement of urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid determination by HPLC and fluorescence detection using condensing reaction with acetylacetone and formaldehyde.

We improved the method for determining urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) by HPLC-fluorometer after pre-column derivatization with acetylacetone and formaldehyde, and a stable ALA derivative was obtained without any effect from various urinary components as demonstrated by the complete recovery of ALA (100.9 +/- 5.5%, n = 85) from the urine samples. The modified procedure was as follows: Twenty microliters of urine sample, 5 ml of acetylacetone solution (acetylacetone/ethanol/distilled water containing 4 milligrams of NaCl; 15/10/75), and 0.45 ml of 9.3% formaldehyde solution were mixed and boiled for 15 min. The fluorescent derivative of ALA was separated and analyzed by HPLC with the fluorometer at Ex 246 nm and Em 458 nm. Using a gradient program, the retention time of the ALA derivative was 7.3 min and the analysis could be repeated at 13 min intervals. Concentrations of ALA in urine samples measured by this method were significantly correlated with those measured by the Mauzerall-Granick (M-G) method (n = 85, r = 0.993, p < 0.001). The values obtained by our method were, however, lower than those obtained by the M-G method. Urinary ALA concentrations of 40 non-lead workers ranged from 0.1 to 2.3 mg/g creatinine with the mean +/- SD of 1.1 +/- 0.4 mg/g creatinine as measured by the present method.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

New technology for continuous intravenous infusion via the central and portal veins in the rat.

Total parenteral nutrition via the central vein is a technique used extensively in basic and clinical research. Recent research has also focused on the administration of various drugs and nutrients via the portal vein. To date, however, no technique which would permit prolonged continuous infusion simultaneously through both the central vein and the portal vein in the rat has been reported. The development of such a technique would open up new possibilities for utilizing the advantages of each of these two routes and contribute to progress in metabolic and nutritional research. To establish such a technique, the authors implemented several unique improvements such as the application of clamps to minimize bleeding during catheter insertion and an increase in the number of sutures to prevent catheter dislodgment. With these improvements, it was possible to continuously administer specified doses of infusion solution in both veins for 6 days in 156 of 158 rats (99%) in the main experiment. We herein describe the techniques used and some of the results obtained with this experimental system.

Animals↗