Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Endo

Publications and source records attributed to Y Endo.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Antimicrobial activities of iodinated polystyrene derivatives.

The antimicrobial activities of insoluble halogenated acetamidomethy1-styrene polymers (prepared by covalent bonding of iodine to polystyrene) were assessed as were the factors determining antimicrobial efficacy. The most active materials were selected from chlorinated or iodinated polymers. Antimicrobial activities were assessed for Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922; American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD, U.S.A.), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans by determining time-course changes in microbial counts in vitro. A 2-iodoacetamidomethylstyrene polymer (No.6-I:-CH2I) was found to have the greatest antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi. No.6-I is the first antimicrobial material that did not make an inhibition hollow in the conventional diffusion test or for which conjugated iodine showed antibacterial activity. This material can be introduced into styrene units on the surface of devices by chemical modification. This material was most active at 37 degrees C. For coated dishes, antimicrobial activity depended on the depth or swollen character of the reactive layer. NO.6-I requires not only a minimum width of polymer layer, but also frequent contact with microbes to have an antimicrobial effect. No.6-I is valuable as a new material because it has strong antimicrobial activity by itself but does not release active iodine. This material is expected to have various applications in implantable clinical devices.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1996

Biphasic, organ-specific, and strain-specific accumulation of platelets induced in mice by a lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli and its possible involvement in shock.

Platelets contain a large amount of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT, serotonin). Intravenous injection into BALB/c mice of a Boivin's preparation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli induced rapid 5HT accumulation in the lung (within 5 min) and slow 5HT accumulation in the liver (2 to 5 h later). The rapid response required high doses of LPS (more than 0.1 mg/kg). On the basis of 5HT measurements, 70% or more of the platelets which disappeared from the blood appeared to have accumulated rapidly in the lung, and a large number of platelets were found there by electron microscopy. A shock, which was manifested by crawling, convulsion, or prostration, followed shortly after the rapid accumulation of 5HT in the lung. On the other hand, the slow accumulation of 5HT in the liver could be induced by much lower doses of LPS (1 microg/kg or less), even when given by intraperitoneal injection. This 5HT accumulation appears to be a reflection of platelet accumulation in the liver (Y. Endo and M. Nakamura, Br. J. Pharmacol. 105:613-619, 1992). The combination of a low dose of LPS with D-galactosamine amplified the hepatic accumulation of 5HT, and the mice developed a severe hepatic congestion resulting in death. The rapid response was not induced at all in C3H/HeN mice. These results and comparison with other LPS preparations indicate that some component(s) of LPS from E. coli induces a biphasic, organ-specific and strain-specific accumulation of platelets, and it is proposed that this effect is involved in the development of shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Growth of influenza A virus in primary, differentiated epithelial cells derived from adenoids.

Epithelial cells of adenoid origin were grown in tissue culture to examine viral replication in cells that are the primary target of many human pathogens. These cells remained highly differentiated, with subpopulations of cells which retained active ciliary motility and others which demonstrated specialized secretory functions. The epithelial cells were permissive for growth of influenza A virus. Primary respiratory epithelial cells provide a model system for examining virulence, cell tropism, and receptors which replicate in the nasopharynx.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1996

Localization of the human IL-2-inducible T-cell kinase gene (ITK) to chromosome band 5q34 and the mouse gene (Itk) to chromosome 15 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

ITK, predominantly expressed on T cells and myeloid cells, is a member of the Tec nonreceptor tyrosine kinase family. Both human ITK and mouse Itk genomic clones were isolated to assign the chromosome location. The human ITK gene was mapped to chromosome band 5q34 and the mouse gene to chromosome 15 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Clinicopathologic study of tetraploid hydropic villous tissues.

BACKGROUND: Because there are differences in the origin, morphology, and natural history of hydropic placental villous tissues, it is important to identify and document rare specimens that deviate from the diploid complete mole (CM), triploid partial mole (PM), or diploid hydropic abortion (HA). DESIGN: We clinicopathologically investigated 35 cytometric specimens of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, tetraploid hydropic villous tissue. RESULTS: Of 35 cases, 25 were CMs, 10 were hydropic abortions, and none were partial moles. Assuming that the degree of molar change roughly correlates with the proportion of paternal chromosomes present, all chromosomes might be paternally derived in our 25 tetraploid CMs. Ten hydropic abortions, including two that were karyotypically either 92,XXYY or 90,XXYY,-13,14, were presumably due to two sets of chromosomes each from paternal and maternal origin. Of 14 tetraploid CMs for which follow-up data were available, two developed an invasive lesion and one developed choriocarcinoma with a diploid DNA content. However, as we reported previously, tetraploidy in CMs is not considered to be an independent predictor of persistent disease. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that patients with tetraploid CM require the same close follow-up given to diploid CM patients.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1996

[Carcino-fetal antigens].

Among various kinds of tumor markers, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are very important and widely used in the clinical medicine. AFP is a specific marker for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AFP is a glycoprotein composed of 590 amino acid residues and has one asparagine-linked sugar chain at the 232nd position from N-terminal of the AFP molecule. A difference exists between the sugar chain of HCC AFP and the chain from a cirrhotic patient. This difference is easily detected by a lectin-binding analysis using LCA or PHA-E4. This technique enabled us to predict a risk of tumor occurrence in patients with a high probability of HCC development. Exciting progress in molecular biology has been made in the field of AFP and CEA research. The gene structures and the regulatory mechanism of synthesis of AFP and CEA has been elucidated successively. These results may provide a clue to the solution of the mechanism of carcinogenesis and may provide more sensitive tools for detection of tumors as well as practical therapies.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1996

[Intraoperative fluid infusion and blood transfusion in patients of esophageal cancer].

While patients with esophageal cancer are operated, a large quantity of non-functional extracelluler fluid (ECF) are appeared. Mediastinum, intestines, visceral vessels, wound of thoracotomy and laparotomy, etc, become so called "third space", then much water, Na are shifted and restored there. Moreover, plenty of water are evaporated from operated fields and lymph issues are active. A long time ago, intraoperative fluid infusion was little, but recently more fluid (Hartmann solution) are infused (8 approximately 10/ml/kg/hr). Intraoperative blood transfusion is often done because blood tends to lose. But it sometimes had serious side effects, example for GVHD (graft-versus-host disease), infections. In order to prevent from thease, autotransfusion and irradiation to transfused blood are recommended.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1996

[Bilateral carotid endarterectomy for patients with bilateral carotid artery stenosis].

In a couple of recent randomized trials, the benefits of unilateral carotid endarterectomy (CEA) have been reevaluated in symptomatic patients with severe stenosis. In contrast, the operative indication, procedure, and perioperative management of bilateral CEAs for patients with bilateral carotid artery stenosis are still controversial. In this report, we reviewed 7 patients who underwent bilateral CEAs at out institute during the last 10 years, with regard to the clinical feature, angiographical findings, operative procedure, surgical results and long-term prognosis. The patients ranged from 52 to 73 years in age, and included six males and one female. Clinical symptoms were asymptomatic in 1 patient, transient ischemic attack in 2, reversible ischemic neurological deficits in 2, minor completed stroke in 1, and major completed stroke in 1. The angiographical carotid artery stenosis in the dominant side of symptomatic cases was 50% in 3, 70% in 1, 90% in 2, and ulceration in 4 cases. The stenosis in the non-dominant side of symptomatic cases was 60% in 1, 70% in 3, 90% in 2, and 4 cases with ulceration. One case among the asymptomatic cases had bilateral 80-90% stenosis. We staged bilateral CEAs, in the dominant side first except in one case among the symptomatic cases and on the more severely stenotic side first in the asymptomatic cases. During CEA, an external shunt was placed in 1 case, but no internal shunt was used in any of the cases. Perioperative complications were found in 2 patients, transient bilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy and local hemorrhage in the other case. Totally, all of 7 cases (14 consecutive CEAs) have been performed with satisfactory results. No mortality and no permanent morbidity has resulted. In the follow-up period (mean: 38.3 month), 1 patient was found to have developed cerebral infarction in the ipsilateral carotid artery territory. From our own small experience and from that in the literature, CEAs for bilateral carotid artery stenosis should be performed in the dominant side first. Then, after a certain period, from 2 to 6 weeks, the CEA should be performed in the non-dominant side.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Significance of vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA expression in primary lung cancer.

The expression of mRNAs for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was examined in 42 cases of primary lung cancer tissues (18 adenocarcinomas, 18 squamous cell carcinomas, 2 large cell carcinomas, 3 small cell carcinomas, and 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma) and 4 human lung cancer cell lines. As seen by reverse transcription-PCR analysis, VEGF mRNAs were expressed predominantly as transcripts for the secretory forms of VEGF (VEGF121 and VEGF165), both in resected lung cancer tissues and in human lung cancer cell lines. The positive ratios of VEGF mRNA according to pathological type were 66.7% (12 of 18) in adenocarcinoma, 72.2% (13 of 18) in squamous cell carcinoma, 100% (2 of 2) in large cell carcinoma, and 67% (2 of 3) in small cell carcinoma. The relative antigen levels of VEGF detected by immunohistochemical examination almost coincided with the relative VEGF mRNA expression levels. Also, we examined the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA in the same tumor specimens. However, no significant correlation was found between the VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA expression levels. We assessed the relationship between the VEGF121 mRNA expression level and the survival period in patients (n = 17) who underwent a curative operation at stage I of the disease. The median survival of the VEGF high-expression group was 8 months, and that of the VEGF low-expression group was 151 months. The 3- and 5-year survival rates of the high-expression group (n = 6) were 50.0% and 16.7%, respectively. On the other hand, those of the low expression group (n = 11) were 90.9% and 77.9%, respectively. The difference in survival between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). Among eight cases of long-term survival beyond 5 years, seven cases had low or no VEGF121 mRNA expression. In contrast, among 18 cases with VEGF121 mRNA overexpression, 17 cases died due to recurrence. As a marker of tumor angiogenesis, the VEGF121 mRNA expression level may be a significant prognostic indicator of lung cancers in early stages.

Endothelial Growth Factors↗
PubMed1995

Cloning and sequencing of the membrane-bound hydrogenase-encoding genes (hupS and hupL) from Pseudomonas hydrogenovora.

The membrane-bound hydrogenase (Hdg)-encoding structural genes were isolated from the hydrogen-utilizing bacterium Pseudomonas hydrogenovora (Ph). Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed two genes, hupS and hupL. The hupS gene encoded a 363-amino-acid (aa) polypeptide (40.4 kDa). The deduced aa sequence contained a putative 43-aa leader peptide sequence. The hupL gene started at 55 bp downstream from the stop codon of hupS and encoded a 622-aa polypeptide (69.3 kDa). The disruption of Ph hupS resulted in the loss of Hdg activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Structure and chromosomal localization of the GPI-anchor synthesis gene PIGF and its pseudogene psi PIGF.

Posttranslational modification by the GPI glycolipid anchor is essential for the surface expression of many membrane proteins. Defect of GPI biosynthesis due to somatic mutation in the hematopoietic stem cell is the basis for an acquired genetic disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Previously, an X-linked gene PIGA (phosphatidylinositol glycan class A), which participates in the first step of the biosynthesis, was shown to be mutated in abnormal cells from all 60 patients with PNH. The cDNA of another GPI synthesis gene PIGF was previously cloned, but it is not involved in pathogenesis of PNH. In the present study, we have analyzed PIGF genomic clones. The PIGF gene contained six exons spanning about 40 kb and was located to the short arm of chromosome 2 at 2p16-p21. The frequency of mutations on both alleles of PIGF should be much lower than that of mutation in the X-linked PIGA, accounting for a lack of involvement of PIGF in PNH. We also identified the processed pseudogene of PIGF (psi PIGF) and mapped it to 5q35.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

E-cadherin and urokinase-type plasminogen activator tissue status in gastric carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: E-cadherin (ECD) is known to be an invasion suppressor gene, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) plays a central role in infiltration of solid cancers. METHODS: To elucidate the relationship between expression of these factors and metastasis in patients with gastric cancer, the authors examined immunohistochemically a combination analysis of uPA and E-cadherin expression in 98 primary tumors, and the results were correlated with several parameters related to metastasis. RESULTS: Among 125 tumors, 42 (34%) were evaluated as having E-cadherin expression (E-cadherin-positive), and the other 83 (66%) were defined as having reduced E-cadherin expression (E-cadherin-negative). uPA immunoreactivity was observed in 82 tumors (66%). There were four subtypes of patterns of uPA and E-cadherin expression: 22 uPA-negative/E-cadherin-positive, 17 uPA-negative/E-cadherin-negative, 21 uPA-positive/E-cadherin-positive, and 65 uPA-positive/E-cadherin-negative, uPA overexpression and reduced E-cadherin expression were associated with lymph node metastasis, vessel invasion, serosal involvement, and poor prognosis. In addition, uPA-positive/E-cadherin-negative tumors were associated significantly with large tumors, positive serosal invasion, lymph node involvement, and poor prognosis. Patients with uPA-positive/E-cadherin-negative expression had the poorest prognoses, compared with the three other groups of patients uPA-positive/E-cadherin-negative tumors had a fourfold relative risk of death when compared with uPA-negative/E-cadherin-positive tumors. A Cox proportional hazard model projected lymph node status as the strongest of the prognostic variables followed by DNA ploidy patterns and uPA/E-cadherin tissue status. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that immunohistochemical combination analysis of uPA and E-cadherin expression may be a powerful aid in evaluating metastatic potential or the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Flow cytometric and clinicopathologic study of 197 hydatidiform moles with special reference to the significance of cytometric aneuploidy and literature review.

In order to evaluate the significance of cytometric aneuploidy in molar placentas, we analyzed 197 hydatidiform moles by flow cytometry using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Of 150 complete moles (CMs), 110 were diploid, 26 were tetraploid, and 14 were aneuploid (non-triploid/tetraploid aneuploid). Of 47 partial moles (PMs), 44 were triploid and 3 were diploid. We could not find any histologic differences among the diploid, tetraploid, and aneuploid CMs. We found that flow cytometric DNA analysis was very helpful to differentiate CM from PM. Persistent diseases developed in 12 of 69 CMs (17.4%) (9 of 47 diploid and 3 of 14 tetraploid CMs) and in none of 26 PMs (0%). Four diploid and 2 tetraploid CMs were invasive and one each with diploid and tetraploid CM developed choriocarcinoma and none of 8 aneuploid CMs had sequelae; however, there was no correlation between DNA ploidy and clinical outcome in the CMs. These results suggest that cytometric aneuploidy (non-diploidy) in CMs is not an independent predictor of persistent disease.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1995

Basic fibroblast growth factor inhibited Ca2+ ionophore-induced apoptotic cell death of cultured cortical neurons from embryonic rats.

The effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on apoptotic cell death of cultured cortical neurons from embryonic rats induced by ionomycin, a potent Ca2+ ionophore, was investigated. bFGF inhibited Ca2+ ionophore-induced neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. bFGF also reduced the degree of fragmentation of DNA of Ca2+ ionophore-treated neurons. These findings strongly suggest that bFGF inhibited ionomycin-induced neurotoxicity by preventing apoptosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Galanin-immunoreactive nerve terminals innervating the striated muscle fibers of the rat esophagus.

Galanin (GAL) immunohistochemistry combined with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry was applied to demonstrate the innervation of the rat esophageal muscle coats. GAL immunoreactivity was found in a number of nerve cell bodies in the myenteric ganglia and in numerous varicose and non-varicose nerve fibers in the myenteric plexus and around blood vessels. Many GAL-positive varicose fibers ran in the internodal strands and along the striated muscle fibers. They often ramified and terminated on the muscle fibers to form arborizing structures, which were most abundant in the thoracic portion of the esophagus. Such GAL-positive terminals were localized in most (87.7%) of AChE-reactive motor endplates on the esophageal striated muscles. Left supranodose vagotomy caused a significant decrease of the GAL-arborizing terminals on the striated muscles of the esophagus. This suggests that they are terminals of efferent fibers in the vagus nerve.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1995

Chemiluminescence detection of mono-, bis-, and tris-hydroperoxy triacylglycerols present in vegetable oils.

A reliable method was needed to analyze molecular species of oxidized vegetable oils. In order to accomplish this goal, mono-, bis-, and tris-hydroperoxides (Mono-OOH, Bis-OOH, and Tris-OOH, respectively) of triacylglycerols formed during autoxidation and photosensitized oxidation of oils were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with chemiluminescence detection (CL-HPLC). Mono-OOH was the major species (96% of total hydroperoxides) in trioleoylglycerol [peroxide value (PV) 0.16 meg/kg], and Bis-OOH and Tris-OOH showed prolonged accumulation with photooxidation. This profile was confirmed in photooxidation of trilinoleoylglycerol and trilinoleoylglycerol. Soybean oil (PV 6 meq/kg) contained Mono-OOH oleoyl-linoleoylglycerol as the main peroxidic molecular species (50% of total hydroperoxides). Mono-OOH trilinoleoylglycerol was the principal species (61% of total hydroperoxides) in safflower oil (PV 5 meq/kg), and Mono-OOH oleoyl-oleoyl-linoleoylglycerol was the representative species (66% of total hydroperoxides) in olive oil (PV 3 meq/kg). The CL-HPLC method, which is specific for the detection of hydroperoxides, should prove useful in studies of triacylglycerol oxidation in foods and vegetable oils.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗