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Biomedical subjects

Y Dodo

Publications and source records attributed to Y Dodo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the ocular adnexa.

This study investigates the relationship between the clinical features of lymphoma in the ocular adnexal region and the revised European and American lymphoma (REAL) classification. Specimens from 41 patients with ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease were reassessed pathologically using the REAL classification. Thirty-two patients with primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) were included in the study, almost all of them having been treated with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Seven of the 32 patients with NHL showed distant recurrence after treatment: 3 out of 26 with extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, and 4 with other types of NHL. Although the three patients with recurrent marginal zone B-cell lymphomas all survived, other patients with recurrent lymphomas died of disease. The REAL classification provides a good indication of tumor control probability and survival of patients with ocular adnexal NHL. Radiation therapy is an effective treatment modality for extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the ocular adnexa.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Long descending lymphatic pathway from the pancreaticoduodenal region to the para-aortic nodes: its laterality and topographical relationship with the celiac plexus.

In 6 of 15 postmortem-treated cadaveric specimens, we found macroscopically thick lymphatic collecting vessels that originated from not only the nodes along the common hepatic artery (No. 8 nodes) but also from the pancreaticoduodenal region, and which drained directly into the para-aortic nodes immediately below the left renal vein (No. 16b1-inter or -latero nodes). The collecting vessels, if they originated from the ventral (dorsal) visceral side, passed to the left (right) of the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries. Moreover, the right-side vessels (5 specimens) were classified into superficial and deep courses to the celiac plexus, whereas they were superficial in the left side (2 specimens). One of the deep (right) courses continued to the thoracic duct without any intercalated nodes. In addition, another deep route drained into the para-aortic node immediately above the left renal vein (No. 16a2-inter node). We consider that these collecting vessels form "direct descending pathways" from the relatively peripheral lymphatics in the upper abdomen toward the thoracic duct origin. The pathway seems to be a collateral, or even major drainage route, and it appears responsible for skipped metastasis of primary cancer. Since the classical, limited entity of the intestinal lymph trunk does not coincide with our pathway, it should be reconsidered. The proposed entity of the direct, long descending pathway will influence the selection and modification of lymphadenectomy methods in cancer surgery in the pancreaticoduodenal region.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Estimation of stature from the skeletal reconstruction of an immature Neandertal from Dederiyeh cave, Syria.

Skeletal reconstruction of a child Neandertal unearthed at Dederiyeh Cave, Syria in 1993, is undertaken and the acquired stature discussed. Although the skeletal remains were well preserved, the reconstruction required several assumptions to be made because of the immature status of the specimen. The assumptions were mainly concerned with distances between bones in the inter-vertebral spaces and in the joints of the hip, knee, and ankle. These were estimated from X-ray films of modern children and data from previous studies. Stature was directly measured on the reconstruction, and found to be 79.2 cm. After corrections for soft tissue thickness and shrinkage of the casts, the stature became 81.7 cm. This estimate is consistent with estimates based on regression equations of long bone lengths, especially from those of the lower extremity. In comparison with longitudinal data for white American boys, the assessment of stature for Dederiyeh varied according to the estimated age. For a younger estimated age, the stature falls in the lower half of the white American range of variation, but with an older estimated age, it falls below the lower limit of the range of variation. Other immature Neandertals including two European specimens, Roc de Marsal and La Ferrassie 6, fall below the lower limit of the 5th to 95th percentile range based on the estimated statures from their long bone lengths. More comprehensive age assessment covering both fossil and modern humans is required before accurate conclusions in relation to Neandertal growth can be drawn.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Pseudo-obstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct due to artifact from arterial pulsatile compression: a diagnostic pitfall of MR cholangiopancreatography.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency of artifact from arterial pulsatile compression as the cause of pseudo-obstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct at magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and specify the causative vessels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 234 patients (102 men, 132 women; age range, 25-80 years), MRCP images obtained by using a single-shot turbo spin-echo sequence were reviewed to assess pseudo-obstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct caused by vascular compression. Dual-phase spiral computed tomography, contrast material-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography, and/or digital subtraction angiography also were performed to determine the vessel that caused the pseudo-obstruction. RESULTS: Thirty-six pseudo-obstructions due to vascular compression were found in 33 (14%) patients. The common hepatic duct (27 [75%] sites) was the most common pseudo-obstruction site, followed by the left hepatic duct (four [11%] sites), proximal common bile duct (three [8%] sites), and right hepatic duct (two [6%] sites). The causative vessels were identified as the right hepatic artery at 24 (67%) sites; gastroduodenal artery, two (6%) sites; cystic artery, two (6%) sites; proper hepatic artery, one (3%) site; and an unspecified branch of the common hepatic artery, seven (19%) sites. CONCLUSION: At MRCP, pseudo-obstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct can be caused by pulsatile vascular compression of the hepatic and gastroduodenal arteries, and it should not be misdiagnosed as a bile duct tumor or biliary stone.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Scrotal disorders: evaluation of testicular enhancement patterns at dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction MR imaging.

PURPOSE: To evaluate testicular enhancement patterns in various scrotal disorders at dynamic contrast medium-enhanced subtraction magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients with scrotal symptoms (22 testicular diseases, 20 extratesticular scrotal disorders) underwent three-dimensional (3D) fast field-echo or fast spin-echo dynamic subtraction MR imaging after injection of paramagnetic contrast medium. The relative percentages of peak height and mean slope of the testes on the affected side were compared with those on the unaffected side by using time-signal intensity curves. RESULTS: Extratesticular scrotal disorders (time-signal intensity curve mean peak height, 93.1%; mean slope, 89.8%) showed gradual and progressive increase in homogeneous testicular contrast enhancement in all normal testes. Relative percentages of peak height and mean slope of testicular torsion (mean peak height, 17.3%; mean slope, 10.6%), infarction (mean peak height, 30.4%; mean slope, 19.8%), traumatic hemorrhagic necrosis (mean peak height, -3.5%; mean slope, -12.0%), and epidermoid cyst (mean peak height, -6.6%; mean slope, -14.2%) were significantly lower than those of extratesticular scrotal disorders. Acute mumps orchitis (mean peak height, 135.1%; mean slope, 307.5%) and malignant testicular tumor (mean peak height, 178.7%; mean slope, 467.6%) showed higher relative percentages of peak height and mean slope. CONCLUSION: Dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction MR imaging can provide information about testicular perfusion on the basis of contrast enhancement and can be used to differentiate testicular diseases from scrotal disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Os zygomaticum bipartitum: frequency distribution in major human populations.

The frequency of the Os zygomaticum bipartitum was examined in major human populations around the world. Eastern Asians have a higher frequency of the bipartite zygomatic bone than any other geographical groups. The arctic peoples, Amerindians and the Oceanians, who all may have derived from eastern Asian population stocks, have a considerably low frequency of this trait. The frequency distribution from East/Southeast Asia to Africa and Europe through South/Central/West Asia suggests some clinality for the bipartite zygomatic bone. The second peak in the frequency is seen in Subsaharan Africa. The clinal variation with no identifiable regulation by subsistence patterns and environmental factors suggested a genetic background for the occurrence of the Os zygomaticum bipartitum.

Africa South of the Sahara↗
PubMed1998

High-resolution MR cholangiopancreatography.

1. High-resolution MRCP is a noninvasive imaging modality for depicting the pancreatobiliary tree. The imaging quality of high-resolution MRCP is satisfactory. MRCP can demonstrate dilation, stenosis, and intraductal filling defects of both the biliary tract and the pancreatic duct, which meets the clinical demand for pancreatobiliary imaging. 2. MRCP was successful in almost all the patients. However, the causes of MRCP failure were patient motion, irregular respiratory rhythm, severe pneumobilia, and massive ascitic fluid. 3. When only MIP reconstructed images were used for interpretation, small intraductal filling defects such as a gallstone can be missed. In combination with coronal source images, the ability to detect intraductal stones can be increased. 4. Ferrite ammonium citrate (FAC) is useful in suppressing the background signal intensity of gastrointestinal contents so that the ducts can be clearly visualized. The other technique for decreasing the background signal intensity is target MIP postprocessing, which works well for better visualization of the ducts. 5. The degree of ductal narrowing tends to be overestimated with MRCP because of MIP reconstruction artifact and lower spatial resolution of MRCP than ERCP. 6. MRCP has a diagnostic pitfall of a pseudostenosis of extrahepatic ducts, which may lead to a false-positive diagnosis of ductal narrowing. This pitfall may be caused not only by MIP postprocessing artifacts but by gas, surgical metal, and vascular compression of right hepatic artery. There is another diagnostic pitfall that it is difficult to differentiate intraductal mucin from pancreatic fluid in dilate pancreatic ducts, although ERCP identifies mucin as intraductal filling defects.

Biliary Tract↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical usefulness of fat suppression technique for MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)].

In order to obtain high quality of MRCP image, it is important to reduce the background signal intensity and increase the contrast of the pancreatobiliary ducts relative to surrounding fat tissue. The combination of long effective-TE and fat suppression technique including the short-TI inversion recovery and chemical-selective fat suppression enables to suppress the background signal intensity enough to obtain high quality MR cholangiopancreatogram. However, susceptibility artifacts from the metal, gastroduodenal gas, and vascular pulsation can be augmented by using the chemical-selective fat suppression technique, which may result in signal loss of the pancreatobiliary ducts. This potential diagnostic pitfalls can be avoided by interpreting the coronal source images obtained with long effective-TE and without fat suppression technique.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

Place of the Hokkaido Ainu (northern Japan) among circumpolar and other peoples of the world. A comparison of the frequency variations of discrete cranial traits.

Fifteen discrete cranial variations were studied in Ainu and a number of populations from around the world. The major findings, extracted by B-squared distance analysis and Fisher's exact probability test, are as follows: A) The five key traits which distinguish Ainu from the predominant eastern Asians are (1) medial palatine canal, (2) hypoglossal canal bridging, (3) supraorbital foramen, (4) transverse zygomatic suture vestige, and (5) mylohyoid bridging. The frequency of the first trait is comparable to those of Africans, especially Subsaharan Africans, the second and fifth conform to those of the New World peoples, the third is similar to Australians and Subsaharan Africans, and the fourth is the only one aligning the Ainu to Northeast Asians. B) The frequencies of a few wormian bones in Ainu are significantly different from those of many Southeast Asians. The frequencies favour rough clinality from the south to as far north as the arctic area of Northeast Asia in the regions of western Oceania and eastern Asia. The present study confirms that Ainu and Jomon are certainly members of populations originated in Asia but possibly outliers of more predominant Asian populations.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1997

Cranial variation in prehistoric human skeletal remains from the Marianas.

Nonmetric cranial variation and facial flatness of the Pacific and circum-Pacific populations are investigated. The peoples of the Marianas, eastern Polynesia and Hawaii form a cluster and show affinities in terms of nonmetric cranial variation with the Southeast and East Asians rather than with the Jomon-Ainu, a view which is widely supported by others. Facial flatness analysis also indicates that Polynesians have different patterns of facial prominence as compared with the Jomon-Ainu. These results increase the difficulty of accepting the Jomon-Pacific cluster proposed by Brace and his coworkers. Although genetic and nonmetric cranial variation reveal relatively close relationships, the Mariana skeletons are markedly different in facial flatness and limb bone morphology from those of Polynesians.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1997

Primary testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a clinical study and review of the literature.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the testis is a rare disease, and treatment outcome is generally poor. In this retrospective study, we investigated treatment results for testicular NHL in an attempt to develop an effective treatment policy for this disease. The survival rate and characteristics were retrospectively analyzed in eight patients with NHL of the testis who were treated between 1969 and 1991 at Kyoto University Hospital, Department of Radiology. Four patients were at stage IEA, one at stage IIEA, and three at stage IVEA. Of the eight testicular lymphomas, six were classed as intermediate grade lymphomas and two as high-grade lymphomas according to the Working Formulation. All of the eight patients received orchiectomy. Six patients received combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy as the primary treatment for the disease. One patient each was treated with radiation therapy alone or combination chemotherapy alone. The 5-year overall and disease-free survival rate was 45 and 33%, respectively. Even though almost all of the patients had received combination chemotherapy, high incidence of relapse in the central nervous system (CNS) was observed. Prophylactic treatment against such recurrence may be necessary to improve the treatment outcome of patients with testicular NHL.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[MR dynamic subtraction angiography (MRDSA)].

We have developed magnetic resonance dynamic subtraction angiography (MRDSA), which depicts the long segments of arteries from the upper abdomen to the lower leg by using a small dose of Gd-DTPA. The lower half of the body was divided into three imaging regions, abdomen, thigh and lower leg, in the order of scanning. The contrast-enhanced three-dimensional breath-hold fast field echo technique with half Fourier acquisition was performed in 3 normal volunteers and 12 patients with vascular diseases (4: abdominal aortic aneurysm, 8: atherosclerotic occlusive disease). The images were reconstructed into composite images by using maximum-intensity-projection postprocessing after the subtraction of precontrast images. A bolus intravenous injection of a small dose of Gd-DTPA (0.02-0.05 mmol/kg) was given, followed by the five sets of scans. The acquisition time of each set was 8 to 16 seconds, and the total dose used in MRDSA was 0.1 to 0.15 mmol/kg. The image quality of MRDSA was satisfactory in 3 normal volunteers and 12 patients with vascular diseases. MRDSA demonstrated aortic aneurysm and atherosclerotic obstruction as clearly as conventional angiography. MRDSA can replace conventional angiography.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1996

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thyroid. A clinical study of twenty-two cases.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the thyroid gland is a rare disease. In the present study, the survival rate and characteristics were retrospectively analyzed in 22 patients with stage IE and IIE thyroid NHL treated with radiotherapy with or without combination chemotherapy. Seventeen NHL had histological evidence of lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type. The 5-year survival rate was 85% in all patients, with 100% and 63% respectively, for stage IE and stage IIE patients. The highly significant factor correlated with decreased determinate survival was concomitant stridor.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Nonmetric cranial variation and the populational affinities of the Pacific peoples.

Nonmetric traits of Hawaiian and Chamorro skulls were examined for evidence bearing on their populational affinities. Distance analyses reveal that the Hawaiian and Chamorro people, although not very near each other, are both closer to the East Asian than to the Jomon-Ainu or to the Arctic peoples. Our study of nonmetric cranial variation does not suggest an affinity between the Jomon and Pacific peoples.

Asia↗
PubMed1992

MRI of syphilitic myelitis.

MR imaging was performed on a patient with syphilitic myelitis. T2-weighted images showed high intensity areas in the thoracic spinal cord. On T1-weighted images after gadolinium-DTPA injection, heterogeneous enhancement was observed in the superficial portion of the spinal cord. The intramedullary high intensity areas on T2-weighted images disappeared after antibiotic therapy.

Contrast Media↗