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Biomedical subjects

Y Dayal

Publications and source records attributed to Y Dayal.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Duodenal carcinoids in patients with and without neurofibromatosis. A comparative study.

Nine duodenal carcinoids from patients with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (VRNF) were investigated for their morphologic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics, and were compared with seven similar tumors from patients without VRNF. Strong similarities were found between tumors in each group. Irrespective of their association with VRNF, duodenal carcinoids arose in adults and usually produced jaundice, upper intestinal bleeding, or obstruction. Tumors larger than 2.0 cm had already metastasized when first detected. All tumors showed a mixed architectural pattern; five tumors associated with VRNF were of the psammomatous type, as opposed to two of those without VRNF. While no tumors showed argentaffinity, stray argyrophil cells were present only in the three tumors not associated with VRNF. All of the tumors showed immunocytochemical evidence of somatostatinomas, and only one VRNF-associated tumor showed immunoreactivity for an additional regulatory substance, as opposed to three of those not associated with VRNF. Thus, while VRNF-associated duodenal carcinoids are not otherwise distinctive, they tend to be pure somatostatinomas (eight of nine cases), whereas similar tumors unassociated with VRNF are frequently multihormonal (three of seven cases). While many more duodenal carcinoids need to be investigated systematically for their immunocytochemical profile, detection of a pure somatostatinoma in the duodenum should alert one to the possibility of coexistent VRNF.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Anti-lymphocyte antibody Leu-7 (HNK-1) recognizes a constituent of neuroendocrine granule matrix.

Anti-lymphocyte monoclonal antibody HNK-1 (Leu-7) reacts with the cell surfaces of natural killer (NK) lymphocytes and with myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). This antibody reacts intensely with normal and neoplastic adrenal medullary cells. A small proportion of normal pancreatic islet cells, anterior pituitary, and gastroenteropancreatic endocrine cells also show Leu-7 immunoreactivity. In adrenal medulla, ultrastructural immunocytochemical studies and immunoblot analyses reveal that Leu-7 reacts with an intracellular protein of MW 75 KD which is localized within the matrices of the chromaffin granules. The MW of this protein differs from those of MAG and chromogranin A. The findings suggest that Leu-7 immunoreactivity might be a new marker for specific subsets of secretory granules.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Early somatostatinoma of the papilla of the duct of Santorini.

We studied a patient with a very small somatostatinoma that arose from the prominence of the orifice of the duct of Santorini. The patient presented clinically with epigastric discomfort, marked loss of weight, diarrhea, exertional dyspnea, and chest pain. He flushed intermittently and had occasional tachycardia and hypertension. Levels of serum serotonin and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were normal. A small ampullary tumor was resected and identified by immunohistochemical staining to be a somatostatinoma. The patient had gained 6.75 kg and was essentially free of symptoms 16 months after surgery.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1985

Radiological evaluation of mucocoele of the paranasal sinuses.

Ten cases of mucocoele of the para-nasal sinuses are reported. Plain X-ray findings were suggestive of the diagnosis in all cases. CT revealed a well defined homogeneous mass, isodense with brain, with expansion of the para-nasal sinuses and extension of the mass into the orbit or parasellar area in eight cases. Surgical confirmation was obtained in all cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Lactate dehydrogenase levels in aqueous humor and serum in retinoblastoma.

The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured in the aqueous humor and serum of 16 patients (20 eyes) with retinoblastoma. The enzyme activity in the aqueous humor and serum did not show any correlation with each other. Age of presentation, age of enucleation, sex and disease duration had no correlation with the enzyme level either in the serum or aqueous humor. The stages of retinoblastoma were classified in Stages I to V: eyes with Stages I to III were included in Group 1, and those with Stages IV and V were in Group 2. The differences in LDH levels in the aqueous humor and in the aqueous to serum LDH ratio were highly significant (P less than 0.001) by Wilcoxon's nonparametric test between Groups 1 and 2. A considerable rise in the aqueous humor LDH level was observed without any alterations in the serum levels in Group 2 as compared to Group 1; hence the aqueous/serum ratio was increased in the former group. The LDH level in the aqueous humor and the aqueous/serum ratio can be a diagnostic tool in retinoblastoma of Stages IV and V. Though the lower aqueous levels of LDH do not rule out the presence of the disease, the higher levels are definitely helpful for diagnosis of retinoblastoma.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1984

Mucinous tumors of the ovary with argyrophil cells. An immunohistochemical analysis.

Forty-five cases of mucinous tumors of the ovary were studied for argyrophilia. Argyrophil cells were identified in seven of the 22 cystadenomas (32%), five of the 11 borderline tumors (45%), and two of the 12 carcinomas (17%). These 14 tumors and two additional mucinous tumors known to contain argyrophil cells were studied further by immunohistochemical methods for the localization of calcitonin, gastrin, somatostatin, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), serotonin, neurotensin, and lysozyme. Serotonin immuno-reactivity was identified in 15 of the 16 cases. Among the peptide hormones, there was a high frequency of positivity for ACTH, gastrin, and somatostatin. Despite the demonstration of reactivity for these hormones, there was no clinical evidence of syndromes of hormone excess in the patients. Lysozyme was present in all but one of the benign and borderline tumors, but was not identified in the carcinomas. Lysozyme was also found in normal and neoplastic gastric and endocervical epithelium, indicating that its presence is not useful in differentiating gastrointestinal and müllerian-type epithelium. The results of this study confirm the previously recognized intestinal characteristics of the epithelium of many mucinous tumors, but also raise the question whether the simple, uniformly mucinous epithelium that is most common within these tumors and is generally regarded as endocervical in type may occasionally be gastric in nature.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1984

Haemangiopericytoma.

Three cases of orbital haemangiopericytoma are presented. In one the tumour recurred after 22 years and in another after 4 months. Metastasis to the breast, which occurred in the third case, is probably the first to be reported. The management of the cases is discussed. The clinical importance of the haemangiopericytoma lies in its potentially malignant behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Blepharochalasis with multiple system involvement.

A rare case of bilateral blepharochalasis of the upper eyelids is presented in a 10-year-old boy with several systemic abnormalities--unilateral agenesis of the left kidney, multiple skeletal anomalies of the vertebral column, and congenital heart disease with a left to right shunt. Such widespread congenital defects in association with blepharochalasis have not been described before. Blepharochalasis may represent a part of a more generalised disorder.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

G-cell hyperplasia in chronic hypercalcemia. An immunocytochemical and morphometric analysis.

The distribution of antropyloric G cells was mapped immunocytochemically and quantitated morphometrically in chronically hypercalcemic and normocalcemic patients. In the normocalcemic (control) patients, the G-cells were sparse in number and confined to the lower third of the antropyloric mucosa, where they were distributed singly or in small clusters within the glands. The absolute G cell (AGC) counts were 5.8 +/- 0.26 (mean +/- SE) per 0.25 sq mm of mucosa. The hypercalcemic patients showed a marked increase in their antropyloric G-cell population. The cells were uniformly distributed throughout the lower two-thirds of the mucosal thickness and were present in large numbers in practically every gland. The AGC counts in these hypercalcemic patients were 48.2 +/- 13.0, a statistically significant increase. These observations indicate that in man chronic hypercalcemia of diverse etiology is associated with antropyloric G-cell hyperplasia. The physiologic significance of this finding and its role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease needs to be elucidated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Comparative study of bacterial and fungal floras of contracted sockets and fellow eyes.

Through studying 50 contracted sockets, our observations showed that generalized and gross contractions were the most common. The main cause of loss of eyes was trauma. No correlation was observed between the cause of eye loss, type of surgery done, duration of eye loss, and the type of the socket. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterial pathogen followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pathogens were encountered more commonly in the sockets wearing artificial eyes, a majority of which carried the same organisms. Staphylococcus epidermidis was seen most frequently in the fellow eyes. Fungal flora of the contracted sockets did not differ from that of the fellow eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Gastric carcinoid (gastrinoma) associated with achlorhydria (pernicious anemia).

This report presents a case of multicentric gastric carcinoid (gastrin containing) tumors of the fundus associated with achlorhydria and pernicious anemia. It is suggested that stimulation of the antral G cells and possibly fundic argyrophilic cells by achlorhydria associated with atrophic gastritis may lead to hyperplasia, and eventually to neoplasia in the latter, in the form of gastric carcinoid with gastrin production.

Achlorhydria↗
PubMed1983

Carcinoids: the association of histologic growth pattern and survival.

There are five generally accepted carcinoid histologic growth patterns, i.e., insular, trabecular, glandular, undifferentiated, and mixed. To determine their possible prognostic significance, a panel of pathologists studied the growth patterns of 138 carcinoids collected from an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group carcinoid advanced stage disease chemotherapy investigation. Survival times were measured from date of initial pathologic diagnosis of carcinoid disease to date of either death or last follow-up. Significant differences were observed in survival times between the five major growth patterns (P less than 0.001). Within the mixed growth pattern group, significant differences in survival time were also observed (P approximately 0.05). In decreasing order of median survival time in years, the growth patterns ranked as follows: mixed insular plus glandular, 4.4; insular, 2.9; trabecular, 2.5; mixed insular plus trabecular, 2.3; three pooled low incidence rate mixed growth patterns, 1.4; glandular, 0.9; and undifferentiated, 0.5. Histologic growth patterns are recommended as a stratification factor in future studies of this disease.

Aged↗