Biomedical subjects
Y Coquin
Publications and source records attributed to Y Coquin.
[Gram-negative bacteria in a medical resuscitation unit. Distribution of species and antibiotic sensitivity].
The distribution of Gram-negative bacilli species and their susceptibility to various antibiotics were surveyed over a 18-month period in an intensive care unit. Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from blood cultures (65), urine cultures (191), respiratory tract samples (176) or miscellaneous samples (69). The bacilli most frequently isolated from blood cultures were enterobacteriaceae (95%), including Escherichia coli (46%), Proteus (22%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was predominant in respiratory tract samples, and Serratia marcescens was more frequently isolated from urine cultures than from other samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using a standard disc diffusion method. In view of the susceptibility of blood isolates to the second-generation cephalosporins we consider that these are preferable to third-generation cephalosporins for first-line antibiotic therapy of septicaemia due to Gram-negative bacilli, except for hospital-acquired infections. More than 50% of the bacilli were resistant to ampicillin; ticarcillin and mezlocillin were not very active against Klebsiella. Nalidixic acid was very active on urine isolates and therefore seems to be a good first-line antibacterial for lower urinary tract infections.
[Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli. Importance of the resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole].
Antimicrobial sensitivities, especially trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, were studied in all clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in an intensive care unit for over 18 months. Twenty-four per cent of strains were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Combined resistance to ampicillin +/- chloramphenicol (+/- tetracycline) and streptomycin (+/- kanamycin) with resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was demonstrated. These data confirm the previously reported increasing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance which is probably plasmid-mediated and specify the resistances associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance. These findings suggest that widespread prophylaxis in granulocytopenic patients with lower urinary tract infection by the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole association should be re-examined.
[Present status of the resistance of enterobacteria to the combination of a sulfonamide and trimethoprim].
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[Gram-negative septicemia and state of shock. Clinical study].
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[Severe pyogenic infections in alcoholics].
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[Diagnosis of purulent meningitis].
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[Antibiotic intolerance with the exception of cutaneous manifestations].
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Cerebral tuberculomas developing during treatment of tuberculous meningitis.
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[Acute hepatic necrosis and hemorrhagic syndrome leading to a fatal outcome during treatment of hypercalcemia with mithramycin (author's transl)].
The onset of hepatic necrosis and a hemorrhagic syndrome, leading to a fatal outcome, was attributed to the toxicity of mithramycin prescribed for an iatrogenic hypercalcemia. This toxicity limits the use of mithramycin for the treatment of hypercalcemias.
[Reevaluation of the treatment of acute bacterial pneumonias (author's transl)].
In spite of extreme and persistent susceptibility to antibiotics, specially benzylpenicillin, the pathology due to pneumococcus remains frequent and serious. From 14 cases of pneumococcal meningitis associated with pneumonia the authors have studied the relationship between these two localizations. They conclude that meningeal seeding appears most frequently secondarily and is probably latent at the beginning. Moreover they note that treatment of pneumonia by itself does not always prevent the occurence of the meningitis. Density of bacterial population, prolunged bacteremia, resistance of pneumococcus to phagocytic mechanisms and the delay of treatment might explain these findings. For those reasons the authors recommend the use of high doses of benzylpenicillin for the treatment of lately diagnosed bacterial pneumonia.
[Benign cutaneous vasculitis during treatment with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole].
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[Systematic broncho-esophageal endoscopy in otorhinolaryngologic carcinology].
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Cytochemical distinction between azurophils and catalase-containing granules in leukocytes. I. Studies in developing neutrophils and monocytes from patients with myeloperoxidase deficiency: comparison with peroxidase-deficient chicken heterophils.
The neutrophils and monocytes of two patients with hereditary myeloperoxidase (MPO) deficiency lacked MPO activity as determined by light and electron microscopic cytochemical staining. With a technique employing neutral 3,3'-diaminobenzidine, azurophils of precursor and mature neutrophils were devoid of MPO whereas eosinophil, basophil, and platelet peroxidases exhibited normal activity. After incubation in alkaline DAB medium, which stains catalase, some small granules were strongly reactive in both immature and mature neutrophils and monocytes. These catalase-containing granules were distinct from all other categories of granules. Their number decreased with maturation. In the presence of cyanide or aminotriazole, peroxidatic activity could also be detected in ellipsoid azurophils, although large spherical granules remained unreactive. This peroxidatic activity is apparently not due to MPO inasmuch as it has been demonstrated that this protein is not synthesized in these patients. Thus, the significance of the last finding is unclear but suggests a heterogeneity of azurophil content. In contrast to human MPO-deficient cells, chicken heterophils naturally devoid of peroxidase are unable to produce hydrogen peroxide upon phagocytosis and were also devoid of catalase-containing particles. This observation suggests that catalase is involved in the control of the intracellular level of hydrogen peroxide in human cells.
[Current biological aspects of typhoid fever (author's transl)].
The biological signs of typhoid fever are studied on the basis of 90 cases collected over a period of 5 years. Average neutrophil granulocyte count before treatment was 5000 with extremes ranging from 1400 to 12180. The development of granulocytopaenia during treatment may be seen not only in patients treated with phenicols but also in those treated with ampicillin or the combination trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. It was possible to isolate the organism in 88 per cent of cases, either by blood culture (79%) or by stool culture (23%). Antibodies (O and H agglutinins) were found in only 86 per cent of cases, and for H agglutinins only there was a significant and transient increase in antibodies. This underlines the importance of the combined examination of three biological criteria - blood culture, stool culture and serology - in reaching the diagnosis of typhoid, the relatively asymptomatic forms of which are becoming increasingly frequent.
Cytochemical and ultrastructural studies of aberrant granules in the neutrophils of two patients with myeloperoxidase deficiency during a preleukemic state: relationship to abnormal bactericidal activity.
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[Peroxidase activity of neutrophil granules in two cases of congenital myeloperoxidase deficiency].
The neutrophils and monocytes of two patients with hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency lacked myeloperoxidase activity as determined by light and electron microscopic cytochemical staining. Using Graham-Karnovsky media, azurophils of neutrophils were devoid of peroxidase whereas all eosinophilic and basophilic granules exhibited normal peroxidase activity. After incubation in alkaline diaminobenzidine media which stains the catalase of microperoxisomes, some small granules were seen to be strongly stained in both immature and mature neutrophils. These small granules were distinct from all other neutrophilic granules which lacked a positive reaction. Only, in the presence of cyanide or aminotriazole, peroxidatic activity was also detected in some ellipsoid azurophils. This observation suggests that these substances activated an oxidase whose nature is discussed.
[A little known cause of prolonged fever: Still's disease in adults].
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