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Biomedical subjects

Y Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to Y Cohen.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Novolet--a pen-device for insulin self-injection by disabled diabetics].

The prefilled, disposable, insulin pen, Novolet is suitable for disabled diabetics, who cannot use the usual injection syringes or insulin pens without help. Of 16 disabled patients in our care, 10 learned to dial the correct number of units of premixed rapid and intermediate insulins, and to inject themselves with this device. Economic aspects aside, we stress the self-esteem and independence regained by these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: a study of 37 cases.

In a study of 37 patients diagnosed with cervical adenocarcinoma between 1961 and 1994, clinical and pathologic findings were evaluated. Of the 37 patients, 27 (73%) had a pure adenocarcinoma, five (13.5%) had a collision tumor and five (13.5%) had an adenosquamous carcinoma. Twenty-six patients (70.3%) were diagnosed in Stage I, and 11 (29.7%) patients in Stage II, III, and IV. Two patients (5.4%) were treated with simple hysterectomy alone, nine (24.3%) with simple hysterectomy followed by radiotherapy, eight (21.6%) with radical hysterectomy alone, five (13.5%) with radical hysterectomy followed by radiotherapy, nine (24.3%) with radiotherapy alone, one (2.7%) with radiotherapy followed by simple hysterectomy, and three (8.1%) received no treatment. The actuarial 5-year survival rate was 69%. It is suggested that for patients with small early-stage disease, radical hysterectomy should be primary treatment and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy would be advocated if high-risk features are histologically demonstrated. For all other patients, radiotherapy should be primary treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Detection of different water populations in brain tissue using 2H single- and double-quantum-filtered diffusion NMR spectroscopy.

This paper presents the first simultaneous 2H single- and double-quantum (SQ and DQ, respectively) diffusion study of excised brain tissue. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the 2H SQ and DQ signals were measured at a fixed diffusion time (Delta - delta/3 = 21.3 ms) and as a function of the diffusion time to assess restricted diffusion [(Delta - delta/3) was changed from 21.3 to 271. 3 ms]. As expected, the ADC of the SQ signal was higher than that of the DQ signal [0.53 +/- 0.03 x 10(-5) (n = 3) and 0.30 +/- 0.03 x 10(-5) cm2 s-1 (n = 4), respectively]. When the ADCs of the SQ and DQ signals were measured as a function of the diffusion time, two components, a fast and a slow component, were observed in each case. The ADCs for the SQ signal were 1.16 +/- 0.2 x 10(-5) and 0.35 +/- 0.06 x 10(-5) cm2 s-1 (n = 3) for the fast and the slow components, respectively. The ADCs for the DQ signal were 0.31 +/- 0.05 x 10(-5) and approximately 0.03 +/- 0.03 x 10(-5) cm2 s-1 (n = 2) with the slow component being relatively small. Interestingly, the slow-diffusion component of the SQ signal was found to have an ADC similar to that of the fast component of the DQ signal. These results suggest that brain water can be divided into at least three water populations and that the DQ signal originates from water molecules which interact with slow-diffusing structural components of the brain. The new insights that one can obtain using simultaneous SQ and DQ diffusion measurement and the ability to distinguish among water populations in biological tissues using the above approach are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Spectroscopy of D2O (2,0,1)

The (2,0,1) <-- (0,0,0) rovibrational transitions of D2O in the near infrared region were measured with a resolution of 0.07 cm-1 using photoacoustic laser absorption spectroscopy. We report on the assignment of newly observed transitions and determine new inertial and centrifugal constants of D2O (2,0,1) using the Watson-type A-reduced Hamiltonian for asymmetric tops.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Isolation and characterization of the highly phosphorylated repeat domain of distinct heavy neurofilament subunit (NF-H) isoforms.

1. Recent examination of the hypothesis that distinctly phosphorylated NF-H isoforms exist in different types of neurons revealed that the extent of phosphorylation of the heavy neurofilament polypeptide of bovine ventral root motor neurons is markedly higher than that of dorsal root neurons. 2. In the present study we employed endoproteinase ASP-N for isolating the Lys-Ser-Pro (KSP)-rich domain of NF-H, which contains most of the NF-H phosphorylation sites. 3. Treatment of NF-H with ASP-N endoproteinase results in a cascade of products, the last of which is a polypeptide with apparent molecular weight of 120 kDa. Amino terminal sequence and amino acid composition analysis revealed that this fragment contains the KSP-rich domain of NF-H. 4. Treatment of ventral and dorsal root NF-H with ASP-N endoproteinase and analysis of the phosphoserine contents of the resulting 120 kDa fragments revealed that the 120 kDa fragment of ventral root NF-H is significantly more phosphorylated than that of dorsal root NF-H. 5. These findings show that the difference in extent of phosphorylation of ventral and dorsal root NF-H is due at least partly to the KSP-rich domain of NF-H.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Community screening to reveal iron deficiency in healthy menstruating women in Israelian suburbs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of iron deficiency among healthy women of child-bearing age, study the predictive value of blood hemoglobin level for this condition and assess the efficacy of a community screening program. METHOD: All healthy women aged 18-45 years registered with one community outpatient clinic were requested to complete a questionnaire on present and past medical history; one-third also completed a second questionnaire on symptoms related to anemia. All underwent a blood test for hemoglobin, serum-saturated transferrin and ferritin levels. RESULTS: Of the 163 women who complied (83% of the targeted population), 25.8% were diagnosed as having iron deficiency; of these 40.5% had a hemoglobin level of 12 g% or higher. The most sensitive indicator proved to be serum ferritin level. Iron deficiency was more prevalent in women with a personal history of anemia. Only 34.1% of the study group completed follow-up. CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of iron deficiency among women of childbearing age. However, because of the surprisingly low compliance with follow-up visits, preventive periodic screening of healthy menstruating women using routine blood tests is not recommended at this time, except for those with specific complaints or who are at high risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Physical and sexual abuse and their relation to psychiatric disorder and suicidal behavior among adolescents who are psychiatrically hospitalized.

Adolescents who were psychiatrically hospitalized (N = 105) were classified as sexually abused, physically abused, both sexually and physically abused, or not abused, and studied to determine the prevalence of suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders. Self-reports of hopelessness, depression, coping, and self-concept were also examined. No difference in suicidal behavior or psychiatric disorder, based on abuse history, was found, with one exception. Adolescents who were sexually abused, particularly those who experienced the most severe sexual abuse, used negative coping strategies more often than those not sexually abused. Findings suggest that symptomatology of adolescents who are psychiatrically hospitalized does not differ markedly based on history of abuse.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

cGMP release in rat mesenteric arterioles and in conduit mesenteric artery.

1. Relaxing factors were studied in two perfused preparations of the same vascular area in the rat: resistance mesenteric arterioles and conduit mesenteric artery. 2. In both preparations, an acetylcholine (ACh) infusion inhibited noradrenaline (NA) vasoconstrictor effects but at a ten-times greater concentration in conduit artery than in resistance arterioles. 3. Endothelium destruction with hypotonic Krebs solution did not change basal perfusion pressure, but increased NA responses and suppressed ACh inhibitory effects in arterioles and arteries. Likewise, L-NAME abolished the ACh effect in mesenteric arterioles but only reduced it in mesenteric artery. 4. Basal release of cyclic GMP was significantly greater in mesenteric artery than in resistance arterioles. By contrast, ACh-induced cGMP release was higher in mesenteric arterioles. Endothelium removal did not change basal release of cGMP in mesenteric arterioles but reduced it in mesenteric artery. 5. These results suggest that in basal conditions several relaxing factors are present in higher concentrations in conduit mesenteric artery than in resistance mesenteric arterioles. However, although it releases higher basal amount of cGMP, this vessel has a reduced role in vascular control than do smaller arteries.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1996

Glaucoma and visual outcome in central retinal vein occlusion.

Glaucoma is a recognized risk factor for central retinal vein occlusion. The authors retrospectively reviewed charts of fifty patients with central vein occlusion examined over a 5-year period. The visual outcome and clinical characteristics of eyes with and without glaucoma were compared. There were 32 eyes without glaucoma and 18 eyes with glaucoma. Final visual acuity of 20/100 or better was obtained in 22% of eyes with glaucoma, compared with 34% of eyes without glaucoma, and final visual acuity of finger counting and less was found in 56% and 22%, respectively (p = 0.02). The rate of ischemic occlusion was higher in the glaucoma group, 44% and 28% respectively, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no difference in the rate of neovascular complications and macular edema between the two groups. The results suggest that glaucoma has an adverse effect on the visual outcome of eyes with central vein occlusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Molecular identification of bacteria from a coculture by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S ribosomal DNA fragments as a tool for isolation in pure cultures.

Molecular information about the bacterial composition of a coculture capable of sulfate reduction after exposure to oxic and microoxic conditions was used to identify and subsequently to isolate the components of the mixture in pure culture. PCR amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA fragments from the coculture, analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, resulted in two distinct 16S ribosomal DNA bands, indicating two different bacterial components. Sequencing showed that the bands were derived from a Desulfovibrio strain and an Arcobacter strain. Since the phylogenetic positions of bacteria are often consistent with their physiological properties and culture requirements, molecular identification of the two components of this coculture allowed the design of specific culture conditions to separate and isolate both strains in pure culture. This approach facilitates the combined molecular and physiological analysis of mixed cultures and microbial communities.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1996

Mycobacterium avium complex infection in mice: lack of exacerbation after LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus infection.

The murine leukemia virus LP-BM5 has been used to reproduce the model of murine AIDS in order to evaluate the course of infection with the MO-1 strain of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). LP-BM5 was inoculated in C57BL/6 mice by intravenous (i.v.) injection either 8 weeks before an i.v. challenge with 10(3) or 10(6) CFU of MAC (coinfection 1) or 10 days after an i.v. challenge with 10(3) CFU of MAC (coinfection 2). During coinfection 2 experiments, the phenotypic alterations in blood lymphocyte subsets were analyzed. During coinfection 1, LP-BM5 infection tended to decrease the mycobacterial growth, with the difference reaching statistical significance for the lower inoculum (10(3) CFU of MAC) (P<0.001). During coinfection 2, LP-BM5 did not exacerbate MAC infection except in the spleen, at day 90 after LP-BM5 challenge (P<0.001). LP-BM5 infection and the LP-BM5-MAC coinfection increased the numbers of activated CD4+ lymphocytes (CD4+ Ly6AE+) (P<0.001), activated CD8+ lymphocytes (CD8+ Ly6AE+) (P<0.001), and activated B lymphocytes (Ly5+ Ly6AE+) (P<0.001). This activation of T lymphocytes could explain the lack of exacerbation of MAC infection and even the trend to a lower level of MAC infection. Thus, this model of retroviral infection of mice does not seem to be a reliable model of immunodepression for the study of MAC infection and its treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

RESISTANCE TO PHENYLAMIDE FUNGICIDES: a case study with phytophthora infestans involving mating type and race structure.

Phenylamide-resistant isolates of Phytophthora infestans have gradually become an important part of populations in many countries. However, fungicide mixtures containing a phenylamide component are still an effective strategy for the control of late blight in potato and tomato. The proportion of phenylamide-resistant isolates fluctuates from year to year and within the season. Almost concurrent with the appearance of resistant isolates was the discovery of the A2 mating type of P. infestans in many European countries and in other parts of the world. However, no genetic correlation exists between resistance and mating type, and the proportion of A2 isolates in European populations remains small. Resistance to phenylamides became established in A1 populations before the appearance of A2 type. Resistant isolates express equal or greater fitness than sensitive isolates, but no correlation was detected between resistance and race structure. The continuous changes in P. infestans populations require careful adaptation of successful disease control programs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

[Treatment of urinary bladder cancer--a retrospective analysis].

Data on 482 stage A-0--D2 bladder cancer patients referred between 1975-86 were analyzed. Prognosticators of survival were stage, histologic subtype and differentiation. 143 patients with disease localized to the pelvis (stage A-0--D1) received definitive radiotherapy with 60 Gy or more, and 25 underwent preoperative irradiation and cystectomy. Later, a group of 56 selected patients with stage B--D1, referred between 1988-1991, received neo-adjuvant MCV chemotherapy (methotrexate, cisplatin and vinblastine) preceding either definitive radiotherapy or surgery. The 2-year overall actuarial survival rates were similar: 63% for radiotherapy only, 72% for cystectomy and 68% for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy; they were also similar when broken down by stage and grade.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗