[Gastric histidine decarboxylase and experimental ulcers in rats].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Cohen
Publications and source records attributed to Y Cohen.
[Metabolism of histamine C14 in normal guinea pig or ones subjected to prolonged treatment with histamine].
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Animals↗
[The labeling of pepsin with chromium chloride Cr 51. Choice of technical conditions and controls].
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Chlorides↗
Tracking of physical fitness components in boys and girls from the second to sixth grades.
The purpose of this study was to examine the tracking of field-assessed fitness components in boys and girls from the second to sixth grades. A total of 857 children (448 boys and 409 girls) from 11 urban schools were tested in grade 2; 565 children (297 boys and 268 girls) were tested again in grade 6. Only subjects who had completed all fitness tests on the two occasions were included in the analysis (n = 319: 203 boys and 116 girls). Fitness tests included a 600-m run, a flying-start sprint, the standing long jump, and a medicine ball throw. Additionally, subjects performed a skill task that involved slalom dribbling of a basketball. Baseline scores in grade 2 were correlated (Spearman Rank Order) with scores attained in grade 6. Boys had significantly (P < 0.05) better scores in all fitness tests compared with girls in both grades. Tracking of fitness components over the 4-year period in both sexes varied between 0.36 and 0.66. Tracking was consistently lower in girls than in boys, perhaps reflecting their earlier maturation.
Bias↗
Brain metastases in epithelial ovarian carcinoma; two case reports.
The cases of two patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma who had been treated with surgery and cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy and had developed brain metastases are described. Modern protocols for management of advanced-stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma have resulted in prolonging the lives of the patients sufficiently for central nervous system metastases to become apparent and possible resistence of the 'blood brain' barrier to the currently used chemotherapeutic agents may have left the CNS 'unprotected' from metastases.
Brain Neoplasms↗
Human embryo modulates placental function in the first trimester; effects of neural tissues upon chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone secretion.
We investigated the effect of embryonal neural and adrenal tissues (7-14 weeks gestational age) upon beta hCG secretion by homologous placental explants in static and dynamic cultures. In static co-culture significant inhibition by SC and brain was noted at 7-9 weeks. Similarly, in superfusion, using a novel co-chambering technique there was a significant reduction in the area under the curve but not peak frequency of spontaneous pulsatile beta hCG secretion. Incubations with neural tissues 11 weeks and above caused a stimulatory effect upon beta hCG secretion in both models. The effect of adrenal tissue in static cultures was different, namely slightly inhibitory at 7-9 weeks and inhibitory at 11 weeks and above. In superfusion, the effect of adrenal tissue was not significant. Extracted neural tissue 7-9 weeks incubated with placental explants exhibited inhibitory effects upon beta hCG secretion as well. Buffer-based extracts of neural tissues effect was more pronounced than alcohol-based extracts regarding beta hCG secretion. The effect of extracts was dose-dependent and effects were noted up until a 2000-fold dilution. In contrast, the buffer SC extract had no effect on progesterone (P) secretion while the alcohol extract effect was inhibitory at 7-9 weeks and stimulatory at greater than 11 weeks. Superfused explants pattern of beta hCG secretion was inhibited by one minute pulse of the SC buffer extract. In conclusion, the human neural tissue of embryonal origin may modulate placental hCG and P secretion during early pregnancy.
Adrenal Glands↗
Comparative activity of two cholecystokinin analogues with partial agonist activity: effects on food intake and brain monoamines.
Two analogues of the C-terminal heptapeptide of cholecystokinin have been synthesized, in which the C-terminal phenylalanine residue has been replaced by a phenylethylester (JMV 180) or a phenylethylamide (JMV 170) group. They have been shown to present partial agonist CCK activity on pancreatic amylase release. In this study, the effects of the two peptides were investigated on food intake and brain monoamine metabolism after intraperitoneal (IP) and intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration. Neither peptide was active on feeding after IP administration but both decreased food intake after ICV injection, with a slightly higher potency for JMV 170. JMV 180 induced no change in monoamine metabolism whatever the route of administration. JMV 170 IP decreased cortical levels of dopamine and its metabolites. This effect was stronger after ICV injection and was accompanied by changes in serotonergic metabolism in the hypothalamus and cortex. Contrary to CCK8 S, which is more active on feeding after peripheral injection, the feeding effects of the analogues obtained by modification of the C-terminal phenylalanine residue appear to involve a central site of action. Furthermore, phenylethylamide substitution (JMV 170) gives rise to greater potency on monoaminergic variations than replacement with a phenylethylester (JMV 180) and the effect is enhanced following central administration.
Animals↗
[Lumbar post-puncture syndrome].
About 30% of lumbar punctures are complicated by the lumbar puncture syndrome the main symptom of which is a characteristically posture-dependent headache (the so-called "spinal headache"), sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting and stiff neck. The syndrome usually begins in the days which follow lumbar puncture and subsides within 10 days. The most common pathogenetic theory is that perforation of the dura mater results in CSF leakage responsible for a fall in intrathecal pressure. Treatment of the lumbar puncture syndrome consists of rest in supine position and copious hydration, usually by the oral route. The epidural blood patch technique is seldom used. Prevention relies entirely on the use of small calibre lumbar puncture needles; keeping the patient lying supine after the puncture is a classical recommendation, but its preventive value has not yet been fully demonstrated.
Headache↗
Neural network based temperature-dependent quantitative structure property relations (QSPRs) for predicting vapor pressure of hydrocarbons.
A neural network based quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) was developed for the vapor pressure-temperature behavior of hydrocarbons based on a data set for 274 compounds. The optimal QSPR model was developed based on a 7-29-1 back-propagation neural network architecture using valance molecular connectivity indices (1chi(v), 3chi(v), 4chi(v)), molecular weight, and temperature as input parameters. The average absolute errors in vapor pressure predictions for the test, validation, and overall data sets were 8.2% (0.036 log P units or 23.2 kPA), 9.2% (0.039 log P units or 26.8 kPA), and 10.7% (0.046 log P units or 31.1 kPA), respectively. The performance of the QSPR for temperature-dependent vapor pressure, which was developed from a simple set of molecular descriptors, displayed accuracy of better than or well within the range of other available estimation methods.
Journal Article↗
A fuzzy ARTMAP based on quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) for predicting aqueous solubility of organic compounds.
Quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) for estimating aqueous solubility of organic compounds at 25 degrees C were developed based on a fuzzy ARTMAP and a back-propagation neural networks using a heterogeneous set of 515 organic compounds. A set of molecular descriptors, developed from PM3 semiempirical MO-theory and topological descriptors (first-, second-, third-, and fourth-order molecular connectivity indices), were used as input parameters to the neural networks. Quantum chemical input descriptors included average polarizability, dipole moment, resonance energy, exchange energy, electron-nuclear attraction energy, and nuclear-nuclear (core-core) repulsion energy. The fuzzy ARTMAP/QSPR correlated aqueous solubility (S, mol/L) for a range of -11.62 to 4.31 logS with average absolute errors of 0.02 and 0.14 logS units for the overall and validation data sets, respectively. The optimal 11-13-1 back-propagation/QSPR model was less accurate, for the same solubility range, and exhibited larger average absolute errors of 0.29 and 0.28 logS units for the overall and validation sets, respectively. The fuzzy ARTMAP-based QSPR approach was shown to be superior to other back-propagation and multiple linear regression/QSPR models for aqueous solubility of organic compounds.
Journal Article↗
Can music alleviate cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia?
It has recently been reported that students performed relatively better on cognitive tasks after listening to music. Conceivably, music might reduce the level of arousal in subjects who are tense, thereby improving their performance. A test case would be schizophrenic subjects, noted for poor performance on tasks demanding attention, who have been characterized as suffering from hyperarousal, which mediates these attentional deficits. We investigated whether cognitive task performance could be facilitated by music in schizophrenics and report a beneficial effect.
Adult↗
On some of the in organello processes involved in the biogenesis of chlorophyll-protein complexes.
The biogenesis and assembly of chlorophyll-protein complexes consist of many steps. These are initiated with the transcription and translation of the different polypeptide components constituting the complexes. For the nuclear-encoded subunits the synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm, and they are synthesized as precursors, which are later imported into the chloroplast. Within the organelle, the precursors are inserted into the thylakoid membranes, as well as being processed to their mature forms. The different nuclear- and chloroplast-encoded subunits assemble together, and bind the pigments and other cofactors to form the active pigmented-complex. In the present article, we discuss only the in organello processes of the biogenesis. We describe the pathways taken by two nuclear-encoded thylakoid proteins, the precursor of the main light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein of photosystem II (pLHCP) and the precursor of photosystem I subunit II (pre subunit II). These polypeptide subunits, that are located in two different photosynthetic complexes, differ from each other. While pLHCP is an integral membrane protein, which binds pigments, photosystem I-subunit II is a peripheral membrane protein, located on the stromal side of the thylakoids, and is not predicted to span it. The differences and the common features of the in organello biogenesis pathways of these two proteins are discussed.
Apoproteins↗
Photosynthesis, chlorophyll integrity, and spectral reflectance in lichens exposed to air pollution.
The major objective of the present study was to identify the relationship of physiologial parameters of the photosynthetic system with the elemental content of the lichen Ramalina lacera (With.) J.R. Laund. Thalli of R. lacera were collected in an unpolluted site and transplanted in a national park and an industrial region in Israel for 8 mo. Analyses of photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll integrity, spectral reflectance, and amount of 11 metals were performed after this period of exposure. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), indicative of the spectral reflectance response of the thallus, correlated with photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll and K content and correlated inversely with amounts of Ba, Cr, Cu, and Ni. The NDVI appears to enable the detection of early signs of pollutant-induced stress before changes in other physiological parameters become apparent. Elevated amounts of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn in lichens transplanted to an industrial area and the correlation of Mn and Ni, Mn and V, Ni and V, Fe and Mn, Fe and V, and Fe and Zn point for the greater part to metal processing in a steel smelter. Correlations of Cr and Ni, Cu and Ni, Zn and Cu, Cu and Mn, and Zn and Ni could be related to metal processing in the industrial area but indicate also vehicular activity as a possible originator.
Air Pollution↗
Monotherapy with rituximab induces rapid remission of recurrent cold agglutinin-mediated hemolytic anemia in a patient with indolent lympho-plasmacytic lymphoma.
Cold agglutinin mediated immune hemolytic anemia secondary to lymphoproliferative disease (LPD), is primarily treated with measures directed to eliminate the malignant clone and as such, chemotherapy is usually given. The recent availability of monoclonal antibodies, has made it feasible to obtain both a clinical and molecular remission, as well as a remission on the functional level, such as elimination of secondary autoimmune phenomena. Recently we have administered a course of monotherapy with rituximab (4 weekly injections, x 375 mg/m2) to a patient with refractory and transfusion dependent cold agglutinin mediated hemolytic anemia secondary to indolent B-cell lymphoma. She achieved complete remission with a significant improvement in hemolysis and also became transfusion independent with a current follow-up of over one year. In individual cases, Rituximab has the potential of achieving not only a complete clinical remission (CR) but also a molecular CR, as well as a "functional" CR, by eliminating the clinical manifestations of autoimmunity; in this case, cold agglutinin mediated hemolytic anemia, secondary to NHL. Good results in autoimmunity secondary to lymphoma raises the possibility of future potential benefit of this agent in other primary autoimmune disorders.
Aged↗
[Automatic treatment of cardiovascular parameters].
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Animals↗
Prognostic factors in patients with lung cancer.
The relation of prognostic factors to survival was analyzed in 352 consecutive lung cancer patients referred to the Northern Israel Oncology Center between the years 1978 and 1981. Of these patients 328 died and only 19 (5.5%) were alive with no evidence of disease after a minimum follow-up period of 70 months. Univariate analysis with Kaplan-Meier plots was used to evaluate 63 pretreatment clinical factors. Mode of treatment, the quality of response and time to response were also evaluated for correlation with survival. The following parameters were found to have a significant association with mortality: presence of brain metastases (P less than 0.001), age greater than 60 years (P less than 0.001), Karnofsky performance status less than 80% (P less than 0.001), weight loss (P less than 0.001), and extensive disease (P less than 0.001). Treatment by surgery (lobectomy) was associated with longer survival (P less than 0.001). Other factors were found to have no significant relation to survival. The above data might be of value for patient randomization in future clinical trials.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Central action of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on blood pressure after acute administration in rats.
The effect of an i.v. administration of some beta-adrenergic blocking drugs on blood pressure has been investigated in rats after blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening. Practolol and atenolol which do not penetrate the BBB, induced an immediate hypotensive effect after BBB breakdown by intracarotid (i.c.) injection of cetrimonium. In 39 week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats, practolol (15 mg/kg i.v.) and atenolol (3 mg/kg i.v.) induced a large drop in blood pressure while only a slight decrease was shown in normotensive ones. Likewise, acebutolol induced a significantly greater hypotension after BBB damage. On the other hand, the effects of dl-propranolol (5 mg/kg), quinidine (2.5 mg/kg) and isoproterenol (3 micrograms/kg) on blood pressure were not modified by pretreatment with cetrimonium i.c., while the hypotension induced by d-propranolol (5 mg/kg) was shortened. These results indicate that beta-adrenergic blocking agents with a low degree of lipophily can induce a hypotensive effect when their penetration into brain is largely enhanced after BBB opening either by prolonged hypertension or by cetrimonium. This effect is only dependent on their action on beta-adrenoreceptors; membrane stabilizing effect and intrinsic sympathomimetic activity do not seem to be involved.
Acebutolol↗
Modulation of action of kainic acid on the behavior of rats by p-chlorophenylalanine and by gaba-mimetic drugs. Biochemical correlation between behavior and treatments.
Systemic injection of kainic acid (KA, 11 mg/kg i.p.) to male albino Sprague-Dawley rats produced a sequence of behavioral events: stereotypies, convulsions, aphagia and aggressiveness in the form of sparring at artificial night fall, as well as a decline in brain-Gaba and brain-dopamine (DA)-levels followed by an increase in DA-levels on days 6 and 10 after treatment. No notable variations in serotonin (5-HT) was observed. Pretreatments of rats with GABA-mimetic drugs (gamma-vinyl GABA, 900 mg/kg i.p.; THIP, 1 microgram/1 microliter/rat, i.c.v.) prevented the occurrence of convulsion, aphagia and aggressiveness. Systemic injection of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) (300 mg/kg i.p.) induced aggressiveness in the form of sparring at night fall. Treatment with PCPA followed by injection of KA shifted mild aggressive behavior to a violent one in the form of biting and killing familiar rats. The findings suggest that KA-neurotoxicity is due in part to its effects on GABA- and DA-neurotransmissions. It is shown also that convulsions are induced by a decline in GABA-level while sparring is provoked by an enhancement in DA-level. Violent aggressiveness is induced by the additive disruptive effects on GABA- and 5-HT-neurotransmissions in PCPA + KA treated animals.
Aggression↗