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Biomedical subjects

Y Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to Y Cohen.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Effects of amphetamine on brain biogenic amines in isolated and aggregated rats.

d- and 1-amphetamine were injected (15 mg/kg i.p.) into isolated or aggregated rats. Both d- and 1-forms decreased the noradrenaline levels of brain areas in isolated and in aggregated rats. d-Amphetamine decreased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-hiaa) levels in aggregated rats only. 1-Amphetamine induced no change in 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels. The greater sensitivity of aggregated rats to d-amphetamine can be ascribed to a change in 5-HT metabolism rather than to a modification of noradrenaline levels.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1977

Uptake of noradrenaline in high altitude native's heart.

Uptake of 3H-noradrenaline by the heart was studied with sections of isolated atria obtained from high or lowlanders. In native highlanders, affinity for 3H-noradrenaline by human atria is more significant than in lowlanders. Furthermore, the Michaelis Menten constant is lower in high altitude native's heart.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of lung cancer by radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and methanol extraction residue of BCG (MER): clinical and immunological studies.

Fifty-one patients with advanced lung cancer were divided at random into two groups. One group of 29 patients received the methanol extraction residue (MER) of Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in addition to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. The other group of 22 patients was treated by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy alone. The immune status of the patients was evaluated by skin tests to three recall antigens and KLH and by in vitro lymphocyte stimulation to PHA and three recall antigens. The immune status of both groups was similar before and after conventional treatment. The cutaneous reactivity, as well as the in vitro lymphocyte reactivity, became stronger in the MER-treated group, as compared with the control group. The MER-treated patients had less distant metastases. In a comparable clinical stage the survival in the MER treated group was slightly but not significantly better. This study has shown that MER stimulates the immune response, can be well tolerated and has few side effects. Therefore, MER treatment of patients with minimal tumor load can ethically be done with hope of obtaining better results.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A preliminary study of intravenous methanol extraction residue of BCG in treatment of advanced cancer.

Twenty-four patients with advanced cancer not reacting to conventional therapy were treated with 97 courses of i.v. MER (methanol extraction residue of BCG). MER was administered by i.v. infusion over a 4-h period, twice a week, in dosages varying from 0.05 mg to 1.25 mg. The skin reactivity to 5 recall antigens was evaluated in the patients. All patients except 4 were anergic. Twelve patients had no side-effects. Anergic patients had less side-effects than ergic patients. The side-effects recorded in the others were fever, chills, vomiting and tachycardia. The reaction subsided within 24 h after treatment and was tolerable for most patients. In 2 patients an objective improvement was observed. No changes in cutaneous reactivity, renal and hepatic functions were found. A significant increase in peripheral leucocyte count was noted in two patients and slight a increase in the remainder.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Phosphonoacetic acid-resistant mutants of herpes simplex virus: effect of phosphonoacetic acid on virus replication and in vitro deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in isolated nuclei.

Phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus in BSC-1 cells and the in vitro synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in isolated nuclei. Phosphonopropionic acid at a concentration of 100 mug/ml had no effect on herpes simplex virus replication. PAA-resistant mutants were obtained at a rate of 1 in 10(4) plaque-forming units after 5-bromodeoxyuridine mutagenization of the virus. These mutants replicate in BSC-1 cells in the presence of 100 mug of PAA per ml and induce a PAA-resistant DNA polymerase that synthesizes DNA in vitro in the presence of PAA.

Acetates↗
PubMed1977

Granuloma formation in patients after injection of methanol extraction residue (MER-GCG).

Nine patients with advanced cancer who were receiving the methanol extraction residue of BCG (MER-BCG) intradermally or intratumorally underwent biopsies from the injected sites or from locally enlarged lymph nodes. Most preparations showed a chronic granulomatous reaction consisting of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and epithelioid cells as well as either Langhans's or foreignbody type giant cells, or both. The degree of granuloma formation and giant cell infiltration varied. In only one case did the reactions consist merely of chronic lymphocytic and histiocytic inflammation with no granuloma formation. Examination of melanoma nodules injected with MER showed, in addition to granulomas, large numbers of giant cells penetrating the tumour.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Acute cardiovascular activity of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs in awake or anaesthetized normotensive and hypertensive rats.

The effects of intravenous dl-propranolol (5 mg/kg), 1- and d-alprenolol (5 mg/kg), on blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were investigated in normotensive and spontaneously, renal or neurogenic hypertensive rats. The animals were either awake or anaesthetized with urethane, chloralose or pentobarbital. Anaesthesia may induce hemodynamic changes in hypertensive rats; thus urethane decreased peripheral vascular resistance in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In anaesthetized rats, dl-propranolol, 1- and d-alprenolol caused significant falls in blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output. The hypotensive activity was related to the initial blood pressure. Peripheral vascular resistance remained unchanged except in spontaneously hypertensive, chloralose anaesthetized rats. 1-Alprenolol had less cardiac effects than dl-propranolol. The decrease of blood pressure was shorter and/or smaller after d-alprenolol than after 1-alprenolol. In normotensive and renal hypertensive awake rats, dl-propranolol induced a short fall of blood pressure, due to a decrease of heart rate and cardiac output. These effects, except bradycardia, were not observed in spontaneously hypertensive rats. These results suggest that differences in the initial vascular state, in the hypertensive models and in the anaesthetics used can explain the variability of the responses to beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Moreover, beta-blocking as well as quinidine-like activities are involved in the cardiovascular responses to dl-propranolol, d-alprenolol and 1-alprenolol studied here.

Alprenolol↗
PubMed1976

High altitude influence on the level and turn-over time of cardiac norepinephrine in rats.

In rats exposed to an altitude of 2,900 meters the level of endogenous cardiac norepinephrine decreases after the 5th day of exposure. The turner-over time of the amine proceeds in 3 steps which are probably related to periods of stress and adaptation: initial increase, important decrease from the 5th day and return to a normal value from the 12th day.

Adaptation, Physiological↗