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Biomedical subjects

Y Chiba

Publications and source records attributed to Y Chiba.

498 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
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A case of fetal complete heart block recorded by magnetocardiography, ultrasonography and direct fetal electrocardiography.

Fetal magnetocardiograms (FMCGs) were recorded in a case of fetal complete heart block (CHB) from the 30th to the 37th week of gestation using the multichannel SQUID system (Hitachi, Japan). M-mode ultrasonography and direct fetal electrocardiography using needle electrodes revealed fetal CHB. We identified independent fetal P-waves and QRS complexes in the FMCG recorded in the 32nd week of gestation when the fetal atriums were close to the FMCG sensor. We also recorded FMCG P-waves in the 37th week of gestation when the fetal heart was larger. Fetal heart position and size are important for obtaining a useful FMCG. To establish FMCG as a diagnostic tool of fetal arrhythmia, comparative studies with FECG are needed.

Adult↗
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A fetal Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome diagnosed prenatally by magnetocardiography.

We report a case of fetal Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome diagnosed prenatally by magnetocardiography (MCG). At 32 weeks' gestation, the fetus was diagnosed to have a paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia by ultrasonography and direct fetal electrocardiogram (ECG). Transplacental fetal therapy by maternal oral administration of propranolol resolved the fetal tachyarrhythmia. Although the wave forms of the fetal MCG at 32 weeks' gestation were normal, the fetal MCG at 35 weeks' gestation showed a short PR interval and a long QRS complex duration with a delta wave, indicating WPW syndrome. The findings of the fetal MCG were confirmed by the postnatal ECG. MCG made the prenatal diagnosis of WPW syndrome possible.

Adult↗
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Bilateral diaphragmatic hernia followed by fetal ultrasonography. A report of two cases.

Two cases of bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) followed by fetal ultrasonography were described. Although many cases of CDH are diagnosed by fetal ultrasonography, it is difficult to diagnose bilateral CDH in utero, which is a relatively rare and fatal condition. Two fetuses were diagnosed as having left CDH associated with severe anomalies. However, a retrospective review of fetal ultrasonography indicated elevation of the liver in the right posterior chest. Both patients died shortly after surgical repair for left CDH despite the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Diagnosis of bilateral CDH by fetal ultrasonography and the evaluation of its prognosis were discussed.

Fatal Outcome↗
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Hemodynamic changes during cardioversion in utero: a case report of supraventricular tachycardia and atrial flutter.

Two cases of fetal tachyarrhythmias were treated in utero. One case showed supraventricular tachycardia which was successfully treated with procainamide. The other case was an atrial flutter with 2:1 atrioventricular conduction (AVC) which was treated with digoxin and verapamil. In both cases, the blood flow in the descending aorta was observed using pulsed Doppler ultrasound during therapy. In the first case, the interval of blood flow peaks was suddenly prolonged to normal heart rate, and in the second case, the blood flow peaks appeared irregularly which indicated that (AVC) was intermittently blocked. The blood flow pattern represented the mode of cardioversion. The blood flow velocity was also measured in both cases; it decreased transiently during therapy representing a depression in cardiac function. The cause of this was thought to be the negative inotropic effects of procainamide and verapamil. In spite of these negative inotropic effects, a greater R-R interval means a greater stroke volume. This relationship has a favorable effect on the fetal circulation as a result of therapy for fetal tachyarrhythmias.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Type of distribution of the test data of the optokinetic nystagmus.

In statistical analysis, the type of distribution of the population under study dictates the choice of analytical methods. Exploratory data analysis was undertaken to evaluate the type of distribution for several variables in optokinetic nystagmus: the total numbers of nystagmus (NYS), the algebraic sums of the slow-phase amplitude (AMP) and of the slow-phase velocity (VEL), and the means of the fast-phase velocity (FM). The samples were collected from 814 healthy subjects as reference data. The 5-number summaries were first calculated for each variable, and the mid-summaries for the six letter values were examined for fine structure to reveal the presence of some outliers. The upper and lower limits of the 5-number summaries were then defined to reject the outliers. After outlier rejection the distribution was examined by histogram and probability plots, and by evaluation with the chi-square test, the Kolomogorov-Smirnov test and also with skewness and kurtosis. All the variables proved to fit the normal distribution by at least three methods, except by skewness and kurtosis. Of all methods, the probability plot seems to be the best in the present evaluation.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
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Outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis and polio surveillance in Shandong province of China.

Widespread outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in Shandong province, China, starting from 1988. In 1989, 484 cases were recorded, which was the peak during the past 4 years. Although emergency immunization with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) was carried out in selected counties in 1989 and 1990, control of the outbreak was not satisfactory. OPV mass immunization campaigns were introduced to cover the whole province in early 1991, and the number of patients with paralytic poliomyelitis decreased to 95. In addition to this new immunization strategy, we began to construct new polio surveillance systems. These were a network for case-negative reporting and an immediate reporting system of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). As for the case-negative reporting, presently more than 90% of counties have been reporting presence or absence of new AFP cases. Monitoring of AFP immediate reporting has also shown a gradual improvement in several aspects. These polio surveillance activities are crucial to polio eradication programme management.

Child↗
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Small cell carcinoma of the gallbladder: a case report and review of 53 cases in the literature.

Although small cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is rare, the prognosis of this tumor type is poorer than that of differentiated carcinomas. We report herein the case of a 62-year-old man with small cell carcinoma of the gallbladder. The operative findings showed an unresectable large tumor of the gallbladder and multiple metastases involving the liver and lymph nodes. Pathological findings revealed small sized carcinoma cells, round or oval in shape which displayed a cord-like or solid appearance. Diagnosis was confirmed by ultrastructural study that showed the presence of neurosecretory-type cored granules. He was treated by intraarterial chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide. Six months later, abdominal computed tomography scan confirmed loss of the large mass. A complete response to the chemotherapy was noted over a period of six months, suggesting the efficacy of intraarterial chemotherapy for this disease. Fifty-three cases of small cell carcinoma reported in the English literature are reviewed. In most cases, including ours, a radical operation was not indicated and the prognosis was extremely poor, due to the difficulty of early diagnosis and the rapid progression of the disease. Chemotherapy is effective in general and intraarterial chemotherapy performed in the present case may be particularly useful to improve survival.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
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Use of lung-thorax transverse area ratio in the antenatal evaluation of lung hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

For evaluation of lung hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), we measured lung-thorax transverse area ratio (LT ratio), which was defined as the area of bilateral lung profiles divided by the profile area of thorax at the level of the four-chamber view of the heart, using fetal ultrasonography. LT ratio in cases with CDH was lower than that in the control group and related well to the postnatal respiratory condition. Measurement of LT ratio using fetal ultrasonography may be useful in predicting the degree of lung hypoplasia in fetuses with CDH.

Female↗
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A school-refuser: his rest-activity rhythm involved multiple circadian components.

In a 950-day observation, a school- refuser showed a freerunning circadian rest-activity rhythm of 24.5 h interrupted intermittently by days of irregular rest-activity cycle. The interruption may be explained by an interaction between two desynchronized rhythmic components; one is freerunning and the other is of 24.0 h. The symptoms of emotional disorder were observed more frequently during days of interruption.

Activity Cycles↗
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Fetal monitor for non-stress-test screening at home.

A fetal monitoring device developed for non-stress-test (NST) screening at home works on battery power, and is so small and lightweight (152 x 120 x 64 mm, 600 g) that a pregnant woman can monitor fetal Doppler ultra-sound and record fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine contraction (UC) data on an attached memory IC card at any time and in any place away from a hospital. The physician can evaluate these data, transmitted via public telephone lines, using a built-in modem in the monitor. The combination of the memory IC card as a temporary storage device with the intermittent data transmission to the host provides endless data storage. The input-output relationship of the device was quantitatively evaluated using a Doppler ultrasound heart rate simulator. Forty pregnant women participated in an evaluation of this system. The total number of NST data transmissions was 648, and the total amount of data received was more than 6.7 Mbytes. Of the 648 transmissions, 475 were adequate for clinical interpretation. Of the 101 failed NST data transmissions, 85 resulted from patient handling errors. However, 82.4% of these errors resulted in reexamination and transfer of new data by the patients, who were aware of the insufficiency of the original data. The main cause of the noise in the data was zero-count data; this noise rate accounted for 4.1% of the data abnormalities. A questionnaire survey found that 96% of the participants wanted to use the monitor again in their next pregnancies, and 83% would recommend its use to pregnant friends. The system was easily used and accepted by pregnant women, and the NST data obtained were sufficient for clinical interpretation.

Computer Communication Networks↗
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MKT-077, localized lipophilic cation: antitumor activity against human tumor xenografts serially transplanted into nude mice.

BACKGROUND: In in vitro experiments, the localized lipophilic cation, MKT-077, demonstrated time- and concentration-dependent antitumor activity. In the present experiment, the in vivo antitumor activity of MKT-077 was evaluated using human tumor xenografts serially transplanted into nude mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antitumor efficacy of MKT-077 against five xenografts inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice was studied. Treatment with MKT-077 was initiated when the tumors started exponential growth. The antitumor activity of MKT-077 was assessed by a) the lowest value of the relative mean tumor weight of the treated:control tumors (T/CRW), where relative weight (RW) represented the change from baseline weight; and by b) the unadjusted weight of treated tumors at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: When MKT-077 was administered continuously using the Osmotic Micropump, antitumor activity was positively correlated with exposure time and drug concentration from 7.5 to 40 mg/kg/day. The maximum tolerated dose was 20 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Co-4 (human colon cancer), St-4 (human gastric cancer), and CRL1420 (human pancreatic cancer) were evaluated as sensitive to MKT-077 in tested 5 strains. CONCLUSION: The antitumor activity of MKT-077 was confirmed using human tumor xenografts in nude mice.

Animals↗