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Biomedical subjects

Y Chiba

Publications and source records attributed to Y Chiba.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Pineal ganglioglioma in a patient with familial basal ganglia calcification and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein: case report.

Pineal ganglioglioma was diagnosed in a 36-year-old man with familial basal ganglia calcification and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein. The patient was treated surgically with a good result. Only four other cases of this tumor have been reported. His 38-year-old brother also showed basal ganglia calcification and elevated serum chorionic gonadotropin as well as alpha-fetoprotein. Familial basal ganglia calcification with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein in a nonhepatic benign condition is rare. The pathogenesis of these conditions is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Repeated antigenic challenge-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in actively sensitized rats.

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a critical component in bronchial asthma, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be disclosed. Our present studies were performed to establish a new good experimental animal model of AHR. Male Wistar rats actively sensitized with DNP-Ascaris antigen (DNP-Asc) were challenged by inhaling DNP-Asc 8 days after the first immunization (single antigenic challenge). Another sensitization group received 3 challenges every 48 hr (repeated antigenic challenge). The airway responsiveness to inhalations of acetylcholine (ACh) and neurokinin A (NKA) were determined under anesthesia. The airway microvascular leakage was also determined with Evans blue (E.B.). At 24 hr after the single antigen challenge, the airway responsiveness to ACh and NKA were slightly enhanced, and the E.B. exudation was increased in the main bronchus. In contrast, the airway responsiveness to ACh and NKA and the E.B. exudation in the main bronchus were much more markedly enhanced 24 hr after the repeated antigenic challenge. The isolated main bronchial strip from the challenged rats had obtained AHR towards ACh and serotonin. These findings suggest that repeated antigenic challenge causes a distinct AHR, both in vivo and in vitro, and that the airway inflammation may be closely related to pathogenesis of AHR.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1993

Multiple coronary artery dissections diagnosed in vivo in a pregnant woman.

A 27-year-old, 37-weeks' primigravida survived an acute myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography 25 days after infarction demonstrated multiple dissections in the left coronary artery. She had no vascular risk factors or connective tissue disease. This is a rare case of spontaneous, multiple coronary artery dissections that were diagnosed by coronary angiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Urinary epidermal growth factor in patients with gliomas: significance of the factor as a glial tumor marker.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) content in urine from patients with glial tumors was examined by radioimmunoassay techniques with labeled human EGF and its rabbit EGF polyclonal antibody. There was no cross-reaction with transforming growth factor-alpha, which has a common receptor with EGF. Forty glial tumors were divided into three groups according to the clinical stage: Samples from Group A patients were obtained before therapy and/or after biopsy; in these patients a large volume of tumor was apparent on computerized tomography (CT). Group B samples were obtained after gross total removal of the tumor and/or chemo- and radiation therapy; these patients showed a small volume of residual tumor on CT. Samples from Group C patients were obtained after gross tumor total removal and/or chemo- and radiation therapy; no tumor was detected on CT scans in these patients. Urinary EGF levels in Group A samples were statistically significantly higher than in samples from healthy individuals (p < 0.001), Group B patients (p < 0.10), and Group C patients (p < 0.02). In addition, high-grade glial tumors in Group A cases showed a significantly higher level of urinary EGF than low-grade tumors in Group A patients (p < 0.05), or patients with meningioma (p < 0.02), metastatic brain tumor (p < 0.05), and cerebral infarction (p < 0.001). Longitudinal changes of urinary EGF levels in glioma patients mostly synchronized with the clinical course and therapeutic interventions. Therefore, urinary EGF, as a glial tumor marker, may be of practical value for diagnosing a malignant glioma and evaluating for the efficacy of chemo- and radiation therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Changes in transaminase before and after tonsillectomy].

Almost all patients who undergo palatine tonsillectomy for chronic tonsillitis and/or tonsillar hypertrophy manifest postoperative changes in their condition and laboratory data. In some patients, high preoperative transaminase levels decrease postoperatively. I studied 17 patients who had abnormal serum transaminase levels 10 days before tonsillectomy. Before tonsillectomy, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) levels were abnormal in half and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were abnormal in all. Before operation, laboratory values of serum GPT were higher than those of serum GOT in all 17 patients. After tonsillectomy, the abnormal GOT levels in all patients gradually improved to the normal range before the 11th postoperative day and GPT levels did so before the 25th day. Measurement of intracellular transaminase activity of the palatine tonsil suggested that the migration of intracellular transaminase from tonsillar cells to serum would not elevate the serum transaminase level. Postoperative changes in serum transaminase and serum cholinesterase were different from the recovery process observed in fatty liver. The high transaminase level observed in patients with tonsillectomy is suspected to be due to other organs, rather than continuous inflammation of the palatine tonsil.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Bivariate normal values of optokinetic nystagmus test].

Comparisons of right and left optic stimulations with the two optokinetic pattern tests (OKP) are available for diagnosing equilibrium disorders. Also available are numerical data of OKP, which are calculated by an OKP--analyzing computer to assist the thinking of clinicians. But there is no criterion for deciding normal or abnormal two-dimensional numerical results of OKP by right and left directional optic stimulation. We established bivariate normal values and normal ranges based on the numerical data of OKP. Variables of OKP for establishing bivariate normal values and ranges were the total number of nystagmus, the cumulative slow phase amplitudes and velocities of nystagmus, and the average fast phase velocities. The reference samples were selected from 1482 numeric data of OKP regarded as normal. Normal ranges are shown as ellipses, which were drawn intuitively through the 5% critical ratio points of bivariate normal distributions, to distinguish normal from abnormal. Normal values were expressed by Mahalanobis generalized distance (MGD), which is the distance from mean values to sample values of bivariates. The normal values of each variable had a 95% confidence coefficient for calculating the MGD from the center to the margin of the ellipses. It seems that simple discrimination between normal and abnormal bivariable OKPs was obtained using our normal values and ranges calculated by Mahalanobis generalized distance.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Epidemiological study on poliovirus isolates from patients with acute flaccid paralysis in Shandong province in China.

In five years from 1988 to 1992, 51 polioviruses were isolated from patients with acute flaccid paralysis in Shandong province in China. Of the 51 poliovirus isolates, 17 were type 1, 18 type 2 and 16 type 3. Twelve type 1 viruses isolated during the period from 1988 to 1990 were shown to be wild strains by serology and the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. These wild strains were classified into three groups by PCR-RFLP. The other type 1 isolates were Sabin-like strains. No wild strain was isolated in 1991 or 1992. All isolates of types 2 and 3 during the five years were Sabin-like strains. These data suggest that wild strains of polioviruses will soon be eradicated in Shandong province.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Leucocyte depletion and prevention of reperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass: a clinical study.

This study evaluated the effects of leucocyte depletion on reperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass in 26 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft. In 10 patients leucocytes were continuously separated from the circulating blood; in 16 leucocytes were undepleted. Leucocyte count and serum creatine phosphokinase activity (and that of its isoenzymes) were measured before and after aortic cross-clamping; in addition the cardiac index and required catecholamine dosage during the early postoperative period in the two patient groups were compared. Mean(s.d.) leucocyte counts immediately after surgery were 8622(2887) microliters-1 in patients who were leucocyte depleted and 12,175(5303) microliters-1 in controls (P < 0.05). Mean(s.d.) creatine phosphokinase activity in patients with leucocyte depletion was significantly lower than in controls (334(121) versus 821 (356) units l-1; P < 0.05) immediately after surgery. Moreover, mean(s.d.) catecholamine dosage was significantly less in the leucocyte-depleted group than in controls (1.1(1.9) versus 4.9(2.2) micrograms kg-1 min-1; P < 0.05), whereas the cardiac index was significantly higher (3.3(0.5) versus 2.3(0.4) l min-1 m-2; P < 0.05). These results suggest that, in the clinical setting, leucocyte depletion during cardiopulmonary bypass provides effective protection against reperfusion injury.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[A case report of the rupture of the descending thoracic aorta due to blunt chest trauma].

A 31-year-old man was injured in an automobile accident. He was suspected to have a rupture of the thoracic aorta because the widening of mediastinum was demonstrated on a chest X-ray film. Aortography (IV-DSA) was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Prosthetic graft interposition for the rupture of the aortic isthmus was accomplished with the aid of left heart bypass using the Biomedicus Centrifugal Pump with limited systemic heparinization (0.8 mg/kg). This adjunct appears to be useful to avoid the paraplegia and to reduce the blood loss.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment results of intra-arterial ACNU infusion chemotherapy for primary cerebral malignant lymphoma].

From May, 1987 to January, 1991, eight patients harboring primary cerebral malignant lymphoma (primary, six cases; recurrent, two cases) were treated by intra-arterial ACNU infusion chemotherapy. All but two cases also had hyperosmotic blood brain barrier (BBB) modification. Six primary cases had conventional teletherapy of 46-58.7 Gy (average 54.1 Gy) and one recurrent case had been irradiated again by 18 Gy. The follow-up period was 3 to 67.5 months (average 21.4 months). In six cases demonstrating measurable tumors on diagnostic images, all showed a complete response. The 1- and 2-year survival time was 50.0% and 37.5%, respectively, with a median survival time of 13.0 months. These were somewhat better than our previous results, but not better than those in the literature. Although intra-arterial ACNU infusion chemotherapy with BBB modification was not considered superior to other chemotherapy regimens, it yielded some long-surviving cases. Hence this chemotherapy is still worth using for treatment of primary cerebral malignant lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Homeostasis as regulated by activated macrophage. II. LPS of plant origin other than wheat flour and their concomitant bacteria.

In order to seek a macrophage-activating substance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of plant origin other than that of wheat flour was surveyed. A large amount of LPS (10-100 micrograms/g) was detected in Laminaria japonica (kelp), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Undaria pinnatifida and other substances. Since concomitant bacteria possibly existing in root of farm products can be considered to contribute to LPS of plant origin, a count was taken of bacterial cells both dead and alive. This count revealed that some LPS were derived from concomitant bacteria which had probably come from root. Few concomitant bacterial cells were found in seaweed, while stem-root contained enough bacterial cells. Three predominant bacteria have been isolated and identified; Pantoea agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, and Serratia ficaria. These LPSs were purified and their chemical compositions were examined. They are similar to that of Escherichia coli except that their molecular sizes are smaller. Since LPS is non-toxic when taken orally or percutaneously, these LPSs may also be advantageous in the cure of intractable diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Small cell lung cancer-associated ganglioside (Fuc GM1) expression].

A 61-year-old male visited us with chief complaints of macroscopic hematuria and bladder irritation symptoms. Cystoscope, U/S, MRI, and CT showed an extensive non-papillary, wide-based tumor centering around the anterior wall of the bladder. Transabdominal U/S-guided full-thickness biopsy indicated a pT3a (Biopsy) primary small cell carcinoma of the bladder containing neuroendocrine granules. Immunohistochemical studies revealed Fuc GM1, an antigen related to small cell carcinoma of the lung. Neoadjuvant therapy consisted of preoperative irradiation at 50 Gy and intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with CDDP and THP. Since a follow-up full thickness biopsy indicated pT0 (Biopsy), total cystectomy was performed. Examination of the resected specimen also indicated pathological CR.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1992

[Cerebral blood flow dynamics in fetus].

In order to obtain quantitative data concerning the changes of fetal cerebral blood flow occurring in relation to hypoxia and acidemia, we evaluated correlations between fetal blood gases and blood flow velocity waveforms in fetuses. A total of 24 Doppler examinations were carried out to investigate the waveforms of middle cerebral and umbilical arteries in 17 intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) fetuses. Within 24 hours after blood flow measurements, cordocentesis was performed and umbilical venous blood gases and pH were determined. There was a significant positive correlation between the gestationally adjusted resistance index value [delta SD (RI)] for middle cerebral artery and PO2 or pH, while a negative correlation was noted between the middle cerebral artery delta SD (RI) and PCO2. The umbilical artery delta SD (RI) and pH showed a negative correlation, but there was no correlation between the umbilical artery delta SD (RI) and PCO2 or PCO2. In the presence of partly compensated respiratory acidosis, the delta SD (RI) for middle cerebral artery was still high, while that for umbilical artery did not increase although PO2 was reduced. These findings suggest that blood flow changes in fetal middle cerebral and umbilical arteries are different in IUGR. Middle cerebral artery blood flow may respond directly to changes in PO2. Furthermore, fetal acid-base disorders may modify the relationship between blood flow changes and fetal PCO2.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative study of UFT plus mitomycin C and UFT plus doxorubicin in adenocarcinoma. Hirosaki Cooperative Group of Cancer Chemotherapy].

A multicenter cooperative study was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy of UFT-M (UFT, Mitomycin C (MMC)) and UFT-D (UFT, Doxorubicin (DXR)). A total of 62 cases with adenocarcinoma were enrolled in this study. Eligible cases included 25 patients with gastric cancer, 22 with pancreas or biliary tract cancer and 10 with other cancers. They were divided into two groups; 30 in UFT-M and 27 in UFT-D. The treatment schedules were as follows: UFT 400-600 mg/day orally every day, MMC 4-6 mg/m2, IV, every week (UFT-M); UFT 400-600 mg/day orally every day, DXR 20 mg/m2, IV, every 3 weeks (UFT-D). For gastric cancer, 3 of 17 cases treated by UFT-M showed PR, whereas no case showed PR in UFT-D. As for toxicity, bone marrow suppression was more commonly observed in UFT-M than in UFT-D. There was no statistical difference in survival between the two treatment regimens. These results suggested that UFT-D was not effective but UFT-M was a more promising combination therapy against advanced gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Effects of pH on the cold preservation of the isolated rat heart.

Storage solutions of varying pH have been used for the simple cold preservation of the heart for transplantation. However, few studies have focused on the optimal pH for a storage solution. In the present study, we investigated the effects of storage solutions with 5 different pHs (6.60, 7.00, 7.40, 7.80, and 8.20 at 4 degrees C) on cardiac function, the leakage of cytosolic enzymes, and the myocardial metabolites content. We used the isolated perfused working rat heart model and a 6-hour preservation period in the different storage solutions. We found that cardiac function was best preserved at a pH of 7.00 or 7.80. In the hearts preserved at a pH of 7.00 or 7.80, the leakage of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase was significantly less than at a pH of 7.40 (p less than 0.01). ATP was maintained at a significantly higher concentration in the pH 7.00 solution as compared with the other solutions (p less than 0.01). No significant differences were observed in the creatine phosphate and lactate levels among the five different pH groups. The results showed that the cardiac function and other parameters of cold-preserved hearts were relatively well maintained at both a pH of 7.00 and 7.80, suggesting the possible existence of a biphasic optimum pH for cold preservation.

Animals↗