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Biomedical subjects

Y Carcassonne

Publications and source records attributed to Y Carcassonne.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Fractionated total body irradiation and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for standard risk leukemia.

From March 1982 to December 1986, 32 patients with standard risk leukaemia were conditioned for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with low dose fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) after infusion of alkylating agents. This series includes six children and 26 adults. Minimal follow-up was 24 months. The total dose of 11 Gy, given in 5 daily fractions of 2.20 Gy, was given in the lateral position, following chemotherapy with either melphalan or cyclophosphamide. Lungs were shielded for 2 out of the 5 fractions. All patients had in vivo dosimetry. The death rate is 25% without relapse or rejection. Disease-free survival is 73% at 5 years. Toxic deaths are detailed: 2 from sepsis and veino-occlusive disease of the liver, 3 from severe graft versus host disease (GVHD), 2 from GVHD associated with virus pneumonitis and one from HIV infection. Fractionated low dose rate TBI is discussed regarding its decreased toxicity and its efficiency for disease control.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Liquid culture and cryopreservation of marrow cells of leukaemic patients prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation.

The feasibility of marrow cryopreservation for autologous bone marrow transplantation after 7 d in liquid culture was assessed in 10 leukaemic patients. A median of 0.17 x 10(8) nucleated cells/kg and 0.4 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg could be collected after the complete procedure, with overall a consistent cell loss. Long-term cultures could be established from these cultured and frozen marrows, showing the persistance of precursors of haematopoietic and stromal cells. In vitro a significant decrease in the proportion of leukaemic cells could be observed in only one out of nine evaluable patients. This patient, with refractory AML, received an autologous transplant and is alive in continuous complete remission after 600 d. One patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia in acute phase underwent an autologous BMT with a marrow collected and cultured while in chronic phase and failed to engraft. These results show the feasibility of cryopreservation of cultured marrow cells for autologous bone marrow transplantation. The procedure is associated with poor cell recovery and must be improved to have a more general clinical application. This technology may have a major application with the emergence of modulators of growth and differentiation of haematopoietic cell lines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Modification of the relative plasma concentrations of methyl and methylene groups in cancer: a study using proton NMR spectroscopy].

Fossel et al. have recently proposed the proton NMR examination of plasmatic lipoproteins--and more precisely the determination of an index obtained from the averaged linewidth of the CH2 and CH3 resonances--as a possible tool for detection of cancer. Many evaluations conducted on an international basis have demonstrated that initial expectations were not met and that the test lacked sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value to be accepted as a screening and diagnostic tool. In our evaluation we have collected plasma from healthy subjects, from patients with various kinds of cancer at different stages of evolution and therapy, and from patients suffering from a variety of pathologies, including benign tumors. In accordance with Chmurny et al., we observed that the linewidth index (LWI) is precise and reproducible when care is taken in the handling and storage of samples and in the fasting of subjects. After finding no predictive value to the test, we have reanalyzed the spectra and studied the variations of the ratio defined by the methylene signal area over the methyl signal area. This ratio is significantly increased in cancer. Furthermore, it offers a better separation of statistical populations permitting a more precise discrimination between cancer, other pathologies and controls. We have also found that malignant tumors arising from mesenchyma (sarcoma, leukemia, lymphoma) induce less important variations in the CH2/CH3 ratio than adenocarcinoma or glioma, when such differences cannot be documented using the LWI. These observations are particularly interesting since they might bring new information on the metabolic modifications of the LWI and the CH2/CH3 ratio might reflect the embryologic origin of the tumors and raise the issue of the heterogeneity of cancer disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Early adjuvant intraportal chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil after hepatic resection of colorectal metastasis: a preliminary clinical and pharmacokinetic study].

Intraportal continuous infusion of 5-FU (600 mg/m2/24 h during 7 days) was administered in the immediate postoperative course of 6 consecutive patients with colorectal metastases resected for cure (one segmentectomy and 5 nonanatomical local resections). One month later, a systemic continuous infusion of 5-FU was delivered at the same dose. The tolerance of intraportal chemotherapy was good despite 2 patients with mild digestive toxicity. The plasma concentrations of both unchanged 5-FU and 5,6-dihydro-5-FU (the primary metabolite of 5-FU), were determined in 2 patients using Gas Chromatography--Mass Spectrometry. The 5-FU clearance was higher after intraportal infusion than after systemic infusion (x 1.5 to 3). Hepatic extraction was variable (0.32-0.70) and lower than in reported experimental data on dogs (0.90-0.99). 5,6-dihydro-5-FU concentrations were constantly higher than 5-FU concentrations in plasma. The patient with lower hepatic extraction had the higher 5,6-dihydro-5-FU plasma concentrations. These findings suggest a predominant extrahepatic formation of plasmatic 5,6-dihydro-5-FU.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Multiple myeloma: a case of a cure?

It is exceptional to obtain a cure in multiple myeloma. We report a case of a 54-year old man with stage III, IgA K multiple myeloma in complete remission 12 years after the diagnosis. The patient was treated for 4 years with Melphalan-Prednisone. Eight years after the end of treatment the patient fulfilled the criteria of cure as defined by the "Chronic Leukemia Task Group" (no measurable myeloma protein and normal bone marrow) associated with the disappearance of some osteolytic lesions.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Translocation (3;21) in Philadelphia positive chronic myeloid leukemia: high resolution chromosomal analysis and immunological study on five new cases.

Translocation t(3;21)(q26;q22) is a rare but nonrandom event occurring in Philadelphia positive chronic myeloid leukemia. We describe five new cases (two males, three females) where t(3;21) is associated with the progression of the disease. Using FACS analysis, we confirm the myeloid type of the blast crisis. High resolution chromosomal analysis allowed us to define more precisely the chromosomal breakpoints to 3q26.2 and 21q22.2, close to the respective localizations of two genes important in cell proliferation and cancer pathogenesis: the transferrin receptor gene and the ets.2 proto-oncogene.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Comparison of the antiemetic effectiveness of high-dose corticosteroids with synacthene in nausea induced by chemotherapy: results of a randomized study].

One hundred two patients submitted to intensive chemotherapy were included in a randomized study with cross over comparing for the second course two anti-emetics: tetracosactide (D1: 3 mg, D2 and D3: 2 mg/d) and methylprednisolone (D1: 240 mg, D2 and D3: 160 mg/d). Most patients presented with malignant lymphoma. All patients experienced nausea and emesis during first course of chemotherapy. Results were similar in both groups, respectively for tetracosactide and methylprednisolone: no nausea 37 versus 40%, less than 3 emesis 69% versus 73%. Secondary effects were observed in 5 and 8% of cases. Tetracosactide with a schedule of 7 mg for 3 days gives the same results than methylprednisolone 560 mg for 3 days in chemotherapy induced nausea and emesis prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The human interleukin-1 alpha gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 2 at band q13.

Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) are two biochemically distinct, but distantly related, polypeptidic cytokines that play a key role in inflammation, immunologic reactions, and tissue repair. Recently, it has been shown that IL-1 alpha is identical to hematopoietin 1, which was described as a hematopoietic growth factor acting on early progenitor cells in synergy with other hematopoietic growth factors. In this report we discuss our use of in situ hybridization on human prometaphase cells with a human IL-1 alpha cDNA probe to localize the human IL-1 alpha gene on the proximal part of the long arm of chromosome 2 at band q13, in the same chromosomal region as the IL-1 beta gene.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1988

[Randomized trial of empirical antibiotic therapy in febrile episodes after bone marrow transplantation. Comparison of an aminoglycoside-beta lactam (tobramycin-ticarcillin) combination with 2 beta-lactam antibiotics (ticarcillin-latamoxef)].

From February 1986 to July 1987, 87 patients who underwent an autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation were randomized to receive ticarpen tobramycin or ticarpen moxalactam for their first febrile episode. Forty received ticarpen tobramycin and 47 ticarpen moxalactam. The two groups were similar according to age, sex, conditioning regimen, underlaying pathology and duration of granulocytopenia. We observed 58.6% of fever unknown origin and 37% of bacteremia. A similar number of clinical and bacteriological successes occurred in the two groups. Hepatic and renal toxicities were similar in the two groups. Vancomycin was widely used in these patients without particular justification. We conclude that the use of two beta lactam is a possible antibiotherapy in marrow transplantation where renal function should be preserved from additional toxicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Bacteremias after bone marrow grafts in a protected environment: effects, various aspects and prognosis].

We evaluated retrospectively the incidence and prognosis of bacteremias after bone marrow transplantation treated in protected environment with intestinal decontamination. Bacteremias are more frequent during the extreme granulopenia (55% of the patients) than during recovery of granulocyte counts greater than 500/mm3 (35% of the patients). Gram + organisms are more frequently responsible of bacteremias (80%), mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococci. Mortality is low (7%) and related to additional factors like GVH, resistant leukemia. These data invite to develop new approaches of prevention of bacterial infection, with measures possibly efficient on Gram + organisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Poor prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with translocation (1;19) in childhood: potential interest of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

We report a new case of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with translocation (1;19). At the time of diagnosis, the only adverse prognosis factor was the existence of this translocation. Under conventional chemotherapy, the girl experienced early marrow relapse (duration of first remission was 2 months). She received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation during the second remission and is alive in continuous complete remission 20 months after transplant. Several earlier reports have suggested that children with the (1;19) have a poor prognosis; If this poor response to conventional therapy is confirmed, an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation should be considered during the first remission.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetics in phase IV studies for the preview of a therapeutic protocol].

The pharmacokinetic studies of anticancer drugs still go on after they are out on the market. The therapeutic protocol is then more precise and depends on the dosage results of these drugs. Some examples of dosage adjustment according to their plasmatic level are reported here for high-dose methotrexate infusion and for CDDP infusion over five days. The test dose and the bayesian method (pharmacokinetic population) are used to predict the adapted individualized dosage for each patient.

Antineoplastic Agents↗