[Progresses in the study of hereditary factors of polycystic ovarian syndrome].
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Cao
Publications and source records attributed to Y Cao.
[Repair of rabbit auricular defects using chondrocyte-scaffolding constructs].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if the tissue-engineered cartilage can repair the auricular defects in rabbits that have inherent immunity. METHODS: Rabbit auricular defects were repaired using chondrocyte-PGA constructs cultured in vitro. The gross and histological comparisons were made between the experimental and the control groups. RESULTS: The rabbit auricular defects were repaired with chondrocyte-PGA constructs, leaving fibroid tissue in the interface between the tissue-engineered cartilage and the normal cartilage. CONCLUSION: The auricular defects can be repaired by chondrocyte-PGA in vitro cultured constructs in animals like rabbits that have acquired immunity. The interface healing problems need further study.
Animals↗
[Changes in TGF-beta 1 and type I, III procollagen gene expression in keloid and hypertrophic scar].
OBJECTIVE: The expression of mRNA for TGF-beta 1, type I, III procollagen in keloid and hypertrophic scar was investigated in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of and the difference between keloid and hypertrophic scar. METHOD: Dot-blot hybridization analysis was used to examine the type I, III procollagen and the expression levels of steady-state mRNA. In situ hybridization allowed direct assessment of the distribution of TGF-beta 1 mRNA in the tissue. RESULTS: 1. Our study indicated that the expression level of mRNA for TGF-beta 1 significantly increased in keloid and hypertrophic scar compared with normal scar and normal skin. 2. In keloid tissues, type I precollagen mRNA expression was selectively increased. However, in hypertrophic scar, type I and III collagen mRNAs expressions were simultaneously increased. CONCLUSION: TGF-beta 1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of keloid and hypertrophic scarring. It implicates that distinct molecular mechanisms are operative in the development of keloid and hypertrophic scarring.
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic↗
Changing pattern of heart diseases in Shanghai from the 1950s to 1980s.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of dynamic change in types of heart diseases in the past 4 decades for providing a reference to treatment and prevention of heart diseases in China. METHODS: All adult cardiac patients admitted to the Zhong Shan Hospital and Hua Shan Hospital from 1948 to 1989 were analyzed. The constituent ratio of different heart diseases in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s was compared. RESULTS: The percentage of heart diseases among medical inpatients increased in each of the recent 4 decades, from 9.89%, 15.69%, 20.90% to 23.54% respectively. The constituent ratio of different heart diseases changed, coronary heart disease constituted the highest proportion, next came rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart disease was in third place. Congenital heart disease, myocarditis, cardiac dysrhythmia without organic heart disease, cardiomyopathy and endocarditis increased, rheumatic heart disease, pulmonary heart disease and hypertensive heart disease apparently decreased; syphilitic heart disease could rarely be encountered. CONCLUSION: China is now facing a low overall death rate, a long life expectancy and an aging population. The incidence of heart diseases increased gradually and patterns of heart diseases kept changing. The overall trend is that heart diseases which were not related to infection are increasing while heart diseases related to bacterial infection are decreasing.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
[Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with laser through the endoscope].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of transurethral laser prostatectomy (TULP) and its relation with the size of prostate. METHODS: 469 benign prostatic hyperplasia receiving TULP from 1988 to 1998 were reviewed retrospectively, and the methods of operation and preoperative and postoperative symptom were compared. The effect of 233 patients undergoing TULP was compared with the size of the prostate. RESULTS: The average value for IPSS of 469 patients decreased from 26.7 (preoperation) to 14.2 (postoperation). The mean value of maximum uroflow rate increased from 6.2 ml/s (preoperation) to 11.8 ml/s (postoperation). No difference was seen in postoperative effect between the transurethral contact and noncontact laser prostatectomy. If the estimating weight of prostate exceeded 50 g, the maximum flow rate after 3 years was decreased evidently, the value of IPSS increased to over 20. CONCLUSIONS: If the estimating weight of prostate is less than 50 g, TULP is indicated.
Aged↗
[Recovery of gastrointestinal motility following laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the recovery of gastrointestinal motility after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and open cholecystectomy (OC). METHODS: Motilin (MOT), gastrin (GAS), electrogastrogram (EGG), the peristaltic sound recovery timing (PSRT) and the anorectum exhaust timing (AET) were determined in 30 patients having LC and 18 patients having OC. RESULTS: MOT, GAS, EGG frequency and EGG amplitude on the first, second and third day after operation in LC group were not significantly different in comparison with preoperative data (P > 0.05), but significant difference on the first and second postoperative day compared with preoperative data and data of the the LC group (P < 0.05). The PSRT and AET in the LC group were much shorter in comparison with the OC group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The recovery of gastrointestinal motility after LC is earlier than OC, which justifies early feeding for patients after LC.
Cholecystectomy↗
[An anatomical investigation relating to the stapes elevation surgery].
OBJECTIVE: For the purpose of improving patient's hearing in stapes elevation surgery. METHOD: The anatomical features relating to this operation were observed and measured in 30 ears of fresh cadavers, which included the length of lenticular process, the highness of stapes head and neck, the thickness of lower border of footplate, the angle of incudostapecial joint and the gradients of upper and lower wall of vestibular niche. The relation between two types of the present operation and the investigation were discussed. RESULT: The two types of present operations were in accord with the physiologicoanatomical features of the stapes and incus. CONCLUSION: In order to improve the patient's hearing, making use of biobinder for strengthening the incudostapedial connexion as a routine is suggested.
Anatomy, Regional↗
[Expression, purification and bio-activity analysis of oncostatin in GST-fusion expression system].
Oncostatin (OSM) is an important cytokine which has diverse biological activities. It may be useful in basic scientific and clinical studies. OSM was efficiently expressed by cloning the OSM gene into GST fusion expression vector. The level of expression of the fusion protein was about 50% of the total cell protein by SDS-PAGE analysis. The percentage of fusion protein in soluble protein could be 15% when the induction was in low temperature. The purity of purified GST-OSM with an affinity chromatography column was about 90% after the inclusion bodies had denatured and renatured. The result of activity study showed that the first two amino acids in N-terminal of the OSM were important to the biological activity of OSM.
Chromatography, Affinity↗
[The meaning of the expression of PCNA and c-erbB-2 in the hyperplasia of laryngeal epithelium].
OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to examine the relationship between PCNA and c-erbB-2 expression and histological diagnosis. METHOD: The percentages of PCNA-positive nuclei (PCNA index) were evaluated in biopsies of 10 with epithelial simple hyperplasia, 26 with dysplasia and 30 with squamous carcinoma by immunohistochemical staining. RESULT: The PCNA indices were 6.64%, 29.36% and 62.67% respectively. There were significant statistic correlation between these indices and their histological gradies of lesions (P < 0.01). C-erbB-2 was not positive in all of dysplastic lesion and weak in carcinoma (20%). CONCLUSION: The PCNA activity in dysplastic lesions of laryngeal premalignancis is higher than that in simple hyperplastic lesions but lower than that in carcinoma. The severe dysplasia with high PCNA indices should be treated clinically as the early invasive carcinom. The method should be regarded as a useful adjunct to traditional histological techniques with allowing more objective grading of epithelial hyperplastic lesions of larynx. There was no relationship between c-erbB-2 expression and histolotical diagnosis of hyperplastic lesions.
Adult↗
[The development of the ionization chamber and the researching of its characteristics for automatic exposure controlling in the X-ray diagnosis machine].
An ionization chamber for automatic exposure controlling used in X ray diagnosis machine was developped, and its characteristics were measured and researched. The electrodes of measuring field were made of carbon, such couldn't leave it's imaging on the film. In order to increase the ionization efficiency and decrease the thickness and electric capacity between electrodes, the chamber was constructed in multilayers. The chamber we developed can be fixed in different x ray machines convenientlly, there is a fine linearity between it's signal output and the exposures, the beam quality response is uniform and output-timing response is also good.
Air Ionization↗
Vascular endothelial growth factor C induces angiogenesis in vivo.
Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) recently has been described to be a relatively specific growth factor for the lymphatic vascular system. Here we report that ectopic application of recombinant VEGF-C also has potent angiogenic effects in vivo. VEGF-C is sufficiently potent to stimulate neovascularization from limbal vessels in the mouse cornea. Similar to VEGF, the angiogenic response of corneas induced by VEGF-C is intensive, with a high density of new capillaries. However, the outgrowth of microvessels stimulated by VEGF-C was significantly longer than that induced by VEGF. In the developing embryo, VEGF-C was able to induce branch sprouts from the established blood vessels. VEGF-C also induced an elongated, spindle-like cell shape change and actin reorganization in both VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 and VEGFR-3-overexpressing endothelial cells, but not in VEGFR-1-expressing cells. Further, both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 could mediate proliferative and chemotactic responses in endothelial cells on VEGF-C stimulation. Thus, VEGF-C may regulate physiological angiogenesis and participate in the development and progression of angiogenic diseases in addition to lymphangiogenesis.
Allantois↗
Development of a bispecific monoclonal antibody as a universal immunoprobe for detecting biotinylated macromolecules.
Bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMab) combining two different antigen binding sites, anti-biotin and anti-HRPO paratopes, could be used as a universal immunoprobe for detecting all biotinylated macromolecules. First, a mouse hybridoma cell line secreting monospecific anti-biotin Mab was generated and characterized. Second, a quadroma cell line which could continuously secrete bsMab (anti-biotin x anti-HRPO) was developed by a nonselective microelectrofusion method. The supernatant containing bsMab was collected from tissue culture medium and purified with two affinity columns. This bsMab has comparable avidity to commercial streptavidin-HRPO when tested against biotinylated macromolecules. Compared to streptavidin, this bsMab can bind the enzyme and thus eliminate the need for chemical conjugation. This bsMab can be used as a promising immunoprobe for detecting many macromolecules bearing biotin markers, such as protein, phage, liposome and DNA in different bioassay systems.
Animals↗
Amino acid residues that control pH modulation of transport-associated current in mammalian serotonin transporters.
The rat and human serotonin transporters (rSERT and hSERT, respectively) were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and studied using site-directed mutagenesis, electrophysiological recordings, and [3H]5-HT uptake measurements. rSERT, but not hSERT, displayed increased transport-associated current at low pH. Chimeras and point mutations showed that, of the 52 nonidentical residues, a single residue at position 490 (threonine in rSERT and lysine in hSERT) governs this difference. Furthermore, potentiation required the glutamate residue at position 493. Cysteine substitution and alkylation experiments showed that residue 493 is extracellular. Cysteine at 493 increased, whereas aspartate decreased, the net charge movement per transported 5-HT molecule. The mutations at this region did not significantly affect other aspects of SERT function, including agonist-independent leakage current, voltage-dependent transient current, and H+ current. This region may therefore be part of an external gate required for rSERT function. The data and analyses show that, in the absence of detailed structural information, a gate-lumen-gate scheme is useful for interpreting results from mutations that alter functional properties of neurotransmitter transporters.
Acids↗
Cloning and localization of two multigene receptor families in goldfish olfactory epithelium.
Goldfish reproduction is coordinated by pheromones that are released by ovulating females and detected by males. Two highly potent pheromones, a dihydroxyprogesterone and a prostaglandin, previously have been identified, and their effects on goldfish behavior have been studied in depth. We have cloned goldfish olfactory epithelium cDNAs belonging to two multigene G-protein coupled receptor families as a step toward elucidating the molecular basis of pheromone recognition. One gene family (GFA) consists of homologs of putative odorant receptors (approximately 320 residues) found in the olfactory epithelium of other fish and mammals. The other family (GFB) consists of homologs of putative pheromone receptors found in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of mammals and also in the nose of pufferfish. GFB receptors (approximately 840 residues) are akin to the V2R family of VNO receptors, which possess a large extracellular N-terminal domain and are homologs of calcium-sensing and metabotropic glutamate receptors. In situ hybridization showed that the two families of goldfish receptors are differentially expressed in the olfactory epithelium. GFB mRNA is abundant in rather compact cells whose nuclei are near the apical surface. In contrast, GFA mRNA is found in elongated cells whose nuclei are positioned deeper in the epithelium. Our findings support the hypothesis that the separate olfactory organ and VNO of terrestrial vertebrates arose in evolution by the segregation of distinct classes of neurons that were differentially positioned in the olfactory epithelium of a precursor aquatic vertebrate.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Determination of metallothionein content in hepatoma cells by differential pulse polarography.
Differential pulse polarography (DPP) was applied to measure metallothionein (MT) content in the RH-35 rat hepatoma cell. The method was sensitive in measuring MT at nanogram concentrations. The MT measurement was not interfered by small molecular weight proteins. Cellular MT content increased upon incubated in medium containing different concentrations of CdCl2 or ZnCl2. The increase was concentration-dependent. In the case of CdCl2, significant increase in cellular MT content was observed at a level as low as 0.18 mg/l. The change in MT occurred when there was no significant change in cell viability or cellular protein content. The concentration of ZnCl2 needed to induce the same amount of MT as that with 0.18 mg/l CdCl2 was 12 mg/l. At high concentrations (> 12 mg/l), ZnCl2 also caused an increase in cellular protein content. Therefore, when calculation was based on cellular protein content, ZnCl2 did not caused further increase in MT. L-ascorbic caused significant increase in cellular MT content when it was presented at levels above 100 mg/l but not at 50 mg/l. The effect of L-ascorbic acid on MT induction was not dose-dependent. At 150 mg/l, the amount of MT induced was not different from that with 100 mg/l. Thus, L-ascorbic might not directly influence cellular MT content. Cysteine at 4 and 40 mg/l did not increase cellular MT content. The results of this study showed that cellular MT content could be measured by DPP. Our finding that CdCl2 at sub-lethal concentrations can effectively induce MT suggests that MT may serve as an early warning signal prior to serve as an early warning signal prior to the occurrence of cell death.
Animals↗
Viral vector-targeted antiangiogenic gene therapy utilizing an angiostatin complementary DNA.
Despite recent advances in neurosurgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas remains dismal. Based on the observation that solid tumor growth is angiogenic dependent, and gliomas are among the most angiogenic of all tumors, therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting angiogenesis are theoretically attractive. Angiostatin, an internal peptide fragment of plasminogen, has recently been shown to potently inhibit endothelial proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Long-term systemic delivery of proteins, however, poses a number of difficult logistic and pharmacological problems and may not be necessary or optimal for treating locally aggressive tumors such as gliomas. We now demonstrate that retroviral and adenoviral vectors that transduce the angiostatin cDNA can be used to inhibit endothelial cell growth in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Vector-mediated inhibition of tumor-associated angiogenesis results in increased apoptotic tumor cell death, leading to inhibition of tumor growth. These studies support a potential role of vector-mediated transduction of the cDNA encoding angiostatin as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignant brain tumors and confirm the antitumor activity of angiostatin and the concept of dormancy therapy.
Adenoviridae↗
HIV-1 antigen-specific and -nonspecific B cell responses are sensitive to combination antiretroviral therapy.
We studied how combination antiviral therapy affects B cell abnormalities associated with HIV-1 infection, namely elevated circulating immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody-secreting cell (ASC) frequencies and hypergammaglobulinemia. Within a few weeks of starting antiviral therapy, there is a marked decline in IgG-ASC frequency in both acutely and chronically infected people, whereas the hypergammaglobulinemia often present during chronic infection is more gradually resolved. These reductions are sustained while HIV-1 replication is suppressed. HIV-1 antigen-specific B cell responses are also affected by therapy, manifested by a rapid decline in circulating gp120-specific ASCs. Anti-gp120 titers slowly decrease in chronically infected individuals and usually fail to mature in acutely infected individuals who were promptly treated with antiretroviral therapy. Long-term nonprogressors have high titer antibody responses to HIV-1 antigens, but no detectable gp120-specific IgG-ASC, and normal (or subnormal) levels of total circulating IgG-ASC. Overall, we conclude that HIV-1 infection drives B cell hyperactivity, and that this polyclonal activation is rapidly responsive to decreases in viral replication caused by combination antiviral therapy.
Antiviral Agents↗
Studies on diffusion maximum in x-ray diffraction patterns of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings.
Study of an amorphous phase in plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings is important owing to its unique characteristics and nonnegligible amount of the amorphous phase compared to crystalline HA. However, little is known about the component parts of an amorphous phase. It is known that amorphous phase usually appears as the diffusion maximum (Dmax) in X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Analyzing Dmax, including the position (Pmax) and area of Dmax, we can indicate the component parts of an amorphous phase and their transitions. In this study, the variation of Dmax in XRD patterns of the coatings during plasma spraying, in postheating, and in dissolving in vitro was studied with the aid of XRD. It was found that component parts of the amorphous phase in the coating varied with increasing thickness, consisting of two part represented by Dmax1, located between 29.4 and 29.8 degrees (2 theta), and Dmax2, located between 31.0 and 31.4 degrees (2 theta). It was concluded that Dmax3, located between 32.0 and 32.4 degrees (2 theta), should be referred to as nanocrystals of HA. In addition, the particle size of the starting powder may affect the component parts of the amorphous phase in the coating in addition to thickness. With vacuum heating (650 degrees C) and water vapor treatment at a low temperature (125 degrees C) in a saturated vaporic atmosphere, transition of the amorphous components was not as efficient as that at 490 degrees C with water vapor. The reason might be that the amorphous-to-crystalline HA conversion is dependent on both temperature and water vapor pressure. It was found that amorphous components were transformed completely into crystalline HA after heating at 490 degrees C with a partial water vapor pressure of 0.01 MPa for 2 h. It was concluded that the unstable amorphous components (Dmax1, Dmax2) converted into more stable nanocrystals of HA (Dmax3). Degradation in vitro showed that Dmax3 was more stable than Dmax1 and Dmax2. It was concluded that nucleation of apatite in vitro should be attributed to nanocrystals of HA (Dmax3) except for the amorphous components. It is recommended that the optimal phasic contents of the plasma-sprayed HA coating be mainly composed of crystalline HA and nanocrystals of HA (Dmax3) in terms of the stability and biocompatibility of the coating.
Air↗