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Biomedical subjects

Y C Kim

Publications and source records attributed to Y C Kim.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Clinical value of scrotopenogram for evaluating varicocele and erectile dysfunction.

While there is as yet no established theory regarding a possible relationship between varicocele and erectile failure, it is not uncommon to encounter those cases in which two conditions coexist clinically. We describe a new technique to identify these two conditions by a single injection of radioisotope. In scrotopenogram, varicocele is diagnosed by comparing the radioactivity in each hemiscrotum during the five minutes after injection of radioisotope. Then, after the patient is exposed to audiovisual sexual stimulation, the dynamic penile flow is measured for the next thirty minutes. We evaluated 185 impotent patients and 9 patients with varicocele. In the 185 erectile failure patients, varicoceles were also present in 33 (17.8%). In the 9 patients who presented themselves chiefly with varicoceles, 3 (33.3%) also had erectile failure. Thus, in 194 patients 36 (18.5%) cases of combined conditions were identified by the scrotopenogram technique. We believe this new technique could be an alternative method for noninvasively examining impotent patients with varicoceles.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Chondroid chordoma presenting with hypopituitarism.

A 28-year-old man with chondroid chordoma, an uncommon variant of chordoma, is reported. The patient presented with visual disturbance and hypopituitarism. The latter is a rare complication of intracranial chordoma. The preoperative diagnosis of chondroid chordoma of the skull base was based on unique findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies. The development of the tumor over six years suggests that the prognosis of chondroid chordoma may be poor in younger patients, as recently reported. Although chondroid chordoma is very rare, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of hypopituitarism.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Surgical treatment of periampullary cancer--review of 766 surgical experiences of 8 hospitals.

The incidence of periampullary cancer has been steadily rising in Korea. In the present study, we have reviewed 766 cases of surgically treated periampullary cancers, including 122 cases of our own, which were published in the Korean literature from 1984 to 1992. The 6th decade was the most prevalent age group, occupying 38% of the patients. The ratio of male of female was 1.7 to 1. Approximately 60% of lesion located at the head of the pancreas. Computed tomography which had 85% sensitivity was the most commonly employed modality for a diagnosis. The diagnostic sensitivity of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography was 72%, of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was 71%, and of ultrasonography was 54% in order of frequency. Tumor markers such as CA-19, CEA, and CA-125 were also studied in pancreatic cancer. The combinations of these markers recorded a higher positivity than using solely. The resection rate for lesions at the head of the pancreas was 21%, and that of distal common bile duct, ampulla of vater, and duodenum were 37%, 85%, and 50%, respectively. The morbidity and mortality rates after pancreatoduodenectomy were 44% and 12%, respectively. TNM staging revealed 66% of patients were in stage III, 26% in stage I, and 8% in stage II. The actual 5-year survival rates for cancer of the head of the pancreas was 11%, and that of duodenal cancer, distal choledochal cancer, and ampullary cancer were 21%, 18%, and 15%, respectively. In nonresected group, none survived over 18 months after treatment. Relatively high portion of lymph node metastatic patients may explain the poor survival observed in our series.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1991

Effects of omega 3 fatty acids and vitamin E on hormones involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in men.

Forty healthy men were fed diets providing 40% of energy from fat and a minimum of 25 mg vitamin E for 28 wk. During the first 10 wk diets were supplemented with placebo, 15 g mixed fat/d. During the second 10 wk placebo was replaced by 15 g fish-oil concentrate/d. During the last 8 wk 200 mg vitamin E/d was added to fish oil. Compared with placebo, fish-oil feeding significantly increased plasma glucose and decreased triacylglycerol, insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and somatomedin C. The changes in plasma cholesterol, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) were not significant. Fish oil plus vitamin E further decreased insulin, growth hormone, and DHEA-S and reversed the effect of fish-oil on somatomedin C. The changes in glucose, glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol were not significant. Thus, changes in plasma glucose and lipids caused by dietary fish oil alone and with fish oil plus vitamin E appear to be due to alterations in hormones involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A case report of the limited form Wegener's granulomatosis].

The classical from of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a necrotizing granulomatous angiitis that involves the upper and lower airways, and kidneys. A limited form of WG is characterized by pulmonary lesions identical to those of classical form WG without renal involvement. The authors report a case of limited form WG. A 58-year-old Japanese woman was admitted because of an abnormal pulmonary shadow. Pathological examination revealed granulomatous angiitis consistent with WG. No other organ involvement was found. The pulmonary shadow improved with cyclophosphamide therapy. The patient is now well and without evidence of exacerbation of the disease 18 month after the discharge.

Cyclophosphamide↗
PubMed1990

Purification and functional characterization of the Glu-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

The formation of glutaminyl-tRNA (Gln-tRNA) in Bacilli, chloroplasts, and mitochondria occurs in a two-step reaction. This involves misacylation of tRNA(Gln) with glutamate by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase and subsequent amidation of Glu-tRNA(Gln) to the correctly acylated Gln-tRNA(Gln) by a specific amidotransferase (Schön, A., Kannangara, C. G., Gough, S., and Söll, D. (1988) Nature 331, 187-190). Here we demonstrate the existence of this pathway in green algae and describe the purification of the Glu-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The purified enzyme showed an Mr of approximately 120,000 when analyzed by glycerol gradient sedimentation and gel filtration. An apparent Mr of 63,000 of the denatured protein was demonstrated by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. This indicates that the enzyme possesses an alpha 2 structure. The substrate for the purified enzyme is Glu-tRNA(Gln) but not Glu-tRNA(Glu). The enzyme requires ATP, Mg2+, and an amide donor for the conversion. Acceptable amide donors are glutamine, asparagine, and ammonia. Blocking of the glutamine-dependent reaction by alkylation of the protein with 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine did not inhibit the ammonia-dependent reaction, suggesting that the enzyme has separate glutamine and ammonia binding sites. As suggested by Wilcox (Wilcox, M. (1969) Eur. J. Biochem. 11, 405-412) the amidation reaction may involve glutamyl-phosphate formation, since ATP is cleaved to ADP when the enzyme is incubated with Glu-tRNA(Gln) and ATP. In common with other glutamine amidotransferases, the enzyme also possesses low glutaminase activity. The purified Glu-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase forms a stable complex with Glu-tRNA(Gln) in the presence of ATP and Mg2+ but in the absence of the amide donor as determined by gradient centrifugation.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical localization of vitamin B12 R-binder in salivary gland tumors. Implications for cell differentiation.

Vitamin B12 R-binder, a specific binding protein for vitamin B12, was studied immunohistochemically in normal and 106 neoplastic salivary gland tissues with a monoclonal antibody against vitamin B12 R-binder (R-binder). In normal salivary glands, R-binder localization was restricted to the ductal systems and to mucous acinar cells; serous acinar cells, myoepithelial cells and stromal connective tissues were consistently negative. Among salivary gland tumors, R-binder was present in 87% of pleomorphic adenomas, 100% of monomorphic adenomas, and 40% of adenoid cystic carcinomas; positivity was observed only on luminal surfaces of small ductular elements, indicating that the components closely related to ductal differentiation were rather small in population. R-binder could be detected both in lacunar and non-lacunar cells within chondroid areas of pleomorphic adenomas, suggesting the possibility that chondroid regions arise from metaplastic changes in ductal epithelial cells. In mucoepidermoid tumors, mucous cells and focal squamous cells exhibited cytoplasmic staining. The staining pattern for R-binder in epithelial components of adenolymphomas showed close similarities to those found in normal large excretory ducts. Two acinic cell tumors and one case each of myoepithelioma and malignant myoepithelioma exhibited negative reactivity for R-binder, showing that these neoplasms are solely composed of tumor cells without the characteristics of ductular differentiation. The immunohistochemical examination of salivary gland tumors, employing a monoclonal anti-R-binder antibody, may have some implications for cellular heterogeneity and differentiation in various tumors.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: radiographic appearance in middle childhood.

Chest radiographs were compared for three groups of children 8-9 years old: 23 survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), 33 survivors of hyaline membrane disease without BPD, and 35 survivors of premature birth without neonatal respiratory problems. Only four children in the second group and three in the third had abnormal lungs. Linear shadows, apparently representing strands of fibrosis or deep pleural fissuring, were seen more frequently (15 of 23) in the BPD group than in the others (P less than .0001). Seventeen children in the BPD group had definite pulmonary abnormalities, none of them severe. The anteroposterior dimension of the chest in survivors of BPD tended to be decreased (P less than .001 vs that of reported control subjects).

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Neurofibromatosis associated with renovascular hypertension due to stenosis and aneurysm of the left renal segmental artery: report of a case.

We report a case of renovascular hypertension due to renal segmental artery stenosis and aneurysm seen in a 16-year-old boy with neurofibromatosis. Hypertension was successfully treated with partial nephrectomy. Histopathologic examination disclosed proliferation of arterial intima not only in the stenotic portion and the aneurysm but also in intralobular arteries of the kidney. Review of the literature revealed that treatment for such patients has varied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A case of spontaneous pneumothorax due to metastasis of urinary bladder carcinoma to the lung].

We reported a case of spontaneous pneumothorax associated with pulmonary metastasis of urinary bladder carcinoma. A 73-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain and dyspnea was admitted, who had undergone transurethral resection of the urinary bladder carcinoma and diagnosis of inactive pulmonary tuberculosis based on the chest X-ray film finding one year previously. On admission, chest X-ray film showed right pneumothorax, and the re-expanded chest X-ray film revealed a cystic lesion in the right upper lung field adjacent to the anterior chest wall, corresponding to the previous pulmonary lesion. Three months later, right thoracotomy was performed because of relapse accompanying by profuse air-leakage. There was a pleural fistula on the surface of the cystic lesion and necrotic tissue in it. Drainage bronchi were involved by surrounding tumorous tissue. Histological examination of the specimen from the cyst wall disclosed metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The probable mechanism of the spontaneous pneumothorax probable consisted of stenosis of the right B3 bronchus caused by the metastatic tumor produced a check valve mechanism leading to cystic lesion, the rupture of which caused the spontaneous pneumothorax.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Significance of 2-3 and 2-6 sialylation of Lewis a antigen in pancreas cancer.

Distributions of sialylated derivatives of Lewis a (Lea) antigen in cancer tissue of the human pancreas and in the sera of patients with pancreas diseases have been studied; the significance of 2-3 and 2-6 sialylation of Lea antigens in pancreas cancer have been investigated using specific monoclonal antibodies. In most pancreas cancer tissue the 2-3 sialylated Lea antigen was found to be specifically distributed in cancer cells as determined by immunohistologic techniques, while a significantly smaller amount of the antigen was detected in surrounding nonmalignant pancreas tissue, which was infiltrated by cancer cells. Conversely, the 2-6 sialylated Lea antigen was abundantly present in nonmalignant pancreas tissue, while it was less frequently present in pancreas cancer cells. When the sera of 66 patients with pancreas diseases were examined for these sialylated Lea antigens, correlation studies showed that the levels of 2-3 sialylated Lea tended to be 44.1 times more than the levels of 2-6 sialylated Lea in the sera of cancer patients. The average ratio of 2-3 sialylated Lea to 2-6 sialylated Lea was 0.23 in the sera of patients with pancreatitis. These data collectively indicate that the 2-3 sialylation of Lea is remarkably enhanced, and the 2-6 sialylation of Lea antigen is suppressed in pancreas cancer. The determination of the 2-3 sialylated Lea to 2-6 sialylated Lea ratio in patients with pancreas diseases may be helpful for the differential diagnosis of pancreas cancer and nonmalignant pancreatic disorders.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Vitamin B12 R-binder localization in the human uterus: an immunohistochemical study.

The localization of vitamin B12 R-binder in the uterus was studied by use of an immunoperoxidase technique. Positive staining by anti-R-binder antiserum was observed in the columnar epithelium of the endocervix (18/18 cases) and in the surface epithelium of the endometrium (8/21 cases). Staining was usually seen in the apical portion of the epithelium; cytoplasmic staining in the endocervical columnar epithelium was intense. The secretory products in the endocervical glands showed positive staining. The endometrial glandular epithelium did not stain (0/24 cases). Metaplastic squamous epithelium of the endocervix showed positive staining (3/18 cases). The native squamous epithelium as well as the stromal components of the cervix, endometrium, and myometrium were negative for R-binder. This study shows that R-binder is localized in the uterus, especially in the endocervical glands. The R-binder in the endocervix may have antimicrobial activity in the uterus as in other organs, such as the intestines and mammary glands.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Distribution of vitamin B12 R-binder in carcinomas of the digestive tract.

To evaluate whether the increase in serum transcobalamin I, seen in patients with carcinoma, is caused by synthesis of R-binder to tumour cells, the distribution of vitamin B12 R-binder in 125 malignant growths of the digestive tract was studied. Positive staining for R-binder with immunoperoxidase was observed in 85 (70%) carcinomas. Positive staining for R-binder was observed in all four cholangiocarcinomas studied, but was absent in nine hepatocellular carcinomas. These findings suggest that determination of R-binder in liver tumours may be of some value in differentiating hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinoma, and that synthesis of R-binder by tumour cells causes an increase in serum transcobalamin I.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Immunocytochemical localization of transferrin and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase in the developing nervous system of the rat.

Transferrin accumulates within neurons of the developing nervous system of humans, sheep, pigs and chickens. To assess the relationship of this accumulation with the ontogeny of oxidative metabolism, we studied the immunocytochemical localization of transferrin (Tf) and the mitochondrial form of malate dehydrogenase (mMDH) in developing neural tissues by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Rabbit anti-rat Tf was obtained commercially and gave a single band of reaction product (MW = 80 kd) on Western blots. Antibodies to porcine heart mMDH were elicited in a rabbit. Western blot analysis showed that this anti-porcine mMDH antibody reacted with the mMDH from porcine, rat or avian tissue but not with the cytosolic MDH from pigs. Tf was first detected in rat brain neurons at about the 18th embryonic day and reached a peak at about the 6th postnatal day. All neurons were immunoreactive with large neurons throughout the brain showing a strong reaction for Tf. From this time onward, the level in brain neurons gradually decreased until adulthood. However, Tf immunoreactivity still remained strongly evident in capillary endothelial cells. The localization of Tf within rat spinal cord neurons peaked as early as the 1st postnatal day and remained elevated to the 6th postnatal day. By contrast, reactivity for Tf within dorsal root ganglia neurons was intense as early as the 18th embryonic day and diminished only gradually. Mitochondrial MDH, a marker for oxidative metabolism, appeared to reach a peak after the crest of intraneuronal Tf had been observed. For example, brain and spinal cord MDH immunoreactivity increased with intense staining in the cell bodies and fibers of neurons from the 6th to the 13th postnatal day; immunoreactivity gradually diminished into adulthood. The gradient of reactivity was low in some areas of the brain but more intense in areas containing large neuronal cell bodies such as the red nucleus. This occurred after the peak of intraneuronal Tf at day 6 and suggested a precursor-product relationship. By contrast, immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase, a glycolytic enzyme, showed a developmental pattern that differed from either Tf or MDH in that reactivity appeared later in development and was less intense. These data suggest that as cerebral metabolic rates begin to increase as early as 5-6 days after birth in the rat, an increase in mMDH occurs coincident with the onset of oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, this rise in intraneuronal mMDH follows the peak of intraneuronal Tf and suggests that Tf supplies the iron required for the synthesis of other mitochondrial ferroproteins.

Aging↗