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Biomedical subjects

Y Brossard

Publications and source records attributed to Y Brossard.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Post-transfusion cytomegalovirus infection in newborn infants].

Post-transfusional cytomegalovirus infection (P.T.C.M.V.) represents a minor part (perhaps about 0.2%) when compared with C.M.V. infections or maternal origin (congenital 0.2-0.5% - post-natal first year 20%). However P.T.C.M.V. infections are associated with higher morbidity and mortality because: These infections develop in infants born from uninfected mothers (C.M.V. sero-negative mothers). These newborns have no passively acquired antibodies from maternal origin which probably prevent or limit the spreading of P.T.C.M.V. infection in infants born from C.M.V. seropositive mothers. Transfused newborns are essentially recruited among great premature infants. The transfusional needs of these newborns are great: many of them receive more than ten micro-transfusions of red blood cells during their hospitalisation period. So the risk for developing C.M.V. infection is high (10-20%). The limited immune competence of these newborns and the fact that many already suffer from other developmental defects explain the severity of these P.T.C.M.V. infections. This contrasts with the well-supported C.M.V. infections post-natally acquired in term newborns. Prevention of P.T.C.M.V. infections is possible (A. Yeager, 1981) when using blood from C.M.V. sero-negative donors. Frozen blood appears also effective. It is highly desirable that blood Transfusion Centers permit such a prevention for red blood cells transfusion or exchange-transfusion in newborns less than 1 500 g B.W. and for intra-uterine transfusions.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1984

Influence of IgG subclasses on automated anti-D (Rho) quantification.

Anti-D quantification by both an automated Polybrene method and an automated trypsin-albumin-dextran (TAD) method gave discrepant results in certain cases. These discrepancies, expressed as the polybrene TAD ratio of reactivity (PTR), were related to the IgG subclass of anti-D. Anti-D of the IgG3 subclass showed a higher PTR than IgG1 (0.94 vs 1.65). No difference was shown between G1m(1) and G1m(3) (0.93 and 0.95, respectively) or between G3m(11) and G3m(21) (1.40 and 1.81, respectively) allotypes. The simultaneous use of our automated Polybrene and TAD methods provides information about the anti-D subclass composition.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

[Anti-erythrocyte immunization in the pregnant woman. Apropos of the analysis of 761 cases of alloimmunized women delivered in the Paris area in 1978 and 1979].

Through analysis of 760 cases of allo-immunized women delivered in the Paris area during 1978 and 1979, anti-erythrocyte immunization (ABO excluded) still appears to be a consequent perinatal risk, for the mother as for her fetus. During the considered period, general incidence in the parisian population has been of 3,78 for 1 000 livebirths, one out of four cases being a "non Rh D"immunization. Obviously, anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis has not proved to be as efficient as it promised to be, after more than ten years of application. Taking into account cases affecting "non ordinary" residents in the observed area, incidence of anti-D immunizations was of two out of a thousand. Anti-D immunoglobulin actual efficiency cannot be incriminated, for when correctly applied Rhesus immunization prophylaxis has demonstrated its ability to induce a twenty-fold reduction of immunization risk due to pregnancy. It must be pointed out, unfortunately, that most cases of undue immunizations are related to prophylatic omissions after delivery, miscarriage, abortion or fortuitous hetero-Rhesus blood transfusion. On another hand an important increase of "non Rh D" immunizations, which incidence, if one images that unknown cases are as frequent as known cases, could be two out of a thousand deliveries, is perhaps able to neutralize partially the decrease of Rh D immunizations. Though is underlined the absolute necessity to extend systematically anti-erythrocyte antibody screenings to all pregnant women, whatever the blood group is. A great variety of antibodies specificities can be found among "on Rh D" immunizations but anti-Kell and anti-c are by far the most frequently met. In most cases theses immunizations could easily be avoided, assessing that all female subjects aged less than 50 years are only given Kell negative and, if lacking c antigen, CC phenotyped blood.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1979

[Comparison by isoelectrofocusing between blood immunoglobulin G of the mother and her newborn. Value of the method (author's transl)].

The present investigation deals with the study about immunoglobulins in blood of twenty six couples mother-newborn. The immunoglobulins G were determinated by radial immunodiffusion and we stated the profile of serum's proteins after isoelectrofocusing. The results obtained from this study, showed a really important percentage of very differents profiles between mother and newborn's proteins. These divergences are independently from the level of immunoglobulins. The purpose of this investigation is to show the very high analytical power of the method. But it is limited in interpretation of results. With conventional protein procedures, it is not possible to say if the newborn is able to synthetize immunoglobulins very early in life. On the contrary, with specific methods of revelation, isoelectrofocusing seems the better procedure of investigation for identity immunoglobulins in blood.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1975

[Fetomaternal hemorrhages and their importance in perinatal pathology].

Transplacental haemorrhage is usually studied as an aspect of Rh immunisation prevention. In this paper the authors emphasize importance of this syndrome in noe-natology, as massive transplacental blood loss may result in severe foetal and neo-natal anemia or even lead to intra uterine death. Different technics for evidencing the presence of fetal cells in the mother's circulation are first discussed, the acid elution method appearing to be the easiest and fastest one. Results of nearly 40.000 Kleihauer's tests screening routinely performed in Paris at the time of delivery, are reported. The much higher frequency of very large transplacental haemorrhage is pointed out in cases of stillbirth. On a practical point of view, routine testing for transplacental haemorrhage finds its major interest in Rh prevention. A formula is proposed by one of the authors to calculate the most accurate dose of passive anti-D antibody in relation with quantitation of fetal haemorrhage. At last the autors attempt a new approach to the problem of neonatal unexplained anemias. Two different types of fetal bleeding are postulated, either chronic associated with haematologic signs of regeneration, or massive at the time of delivery without haematologic symptomatology. These condtions could lead to two different clinical pictures, either hydropsfetalis when chronic, or hypovolemic schock when massive and immediate.

Anemia↗
PubMed1975

Auto-anti-Pra: a 'second' example in a newborn.

A second example of anti-Pra was recognized in a newborn infant which exhibited several signs of development disease. The antibody was complement-fixing 19S IgM and showed a high thermal range but no detectable haemolytic anaemia was associated. It gave negative reactions with a panel of animal cells as well as with two samples of human En(a-) cells. The latter, however, could absorb the antibody.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

[Autotransfusion in acute hemoperitoneum].

This procedure is well known, there were 2 000 cases reported in the literature with a very small number of complications. Is autotransfusion really efficacious? According to the author's results in 9 cases of hemoperitoneum, the red cells obtained by this method are quantitatively valid, but hemolysis starts early (6 hours) and the disappearance of the platelets and coagulation factors occurs even more early (2 hours). However, clinical tolerance is perfect, thus confirming the good experimental results obtained in animals. The true limits are hemolysis and the risk of contamination but, with appropriate apparatus and precise indications, and unsoiled blood, less than 24 hours old, autotransfusion is a good method which may provide a solution in certain emergencies.

Abdominal Injuries↗