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Biomedical subjects

Y Bando

Publications and source records attributed to Y Bando.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The relationship of fasting plasma glucose values and other variables to 2-h postload plasma glucose in Japanese subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values and other variables (e.g., age, sex, and BMI) to 2-h post-75-g oral glucose load glycemia (PG) in Japanese subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects included 13,694 Japanese subjects between 20 and 83 years of age (10,677 men and 3,017 women) who were undergoing a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during a health screening performed at our hospital. The influences of age for 2-h PG at a fixed fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of 126 mg/dl were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using a model in which the dependent variable was 2-h PG using the following explanatory variables: FPG, age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels. RESULTS: The 2-h PG at a fixed FPG of 126 mg/dl increased by 0.94 mg/dl per year in patients aged between 30 and 78 years (r = 0.68, P < 0.0001). In multiple regression, five explanatory variables (FPG, age, BMI, plasma TG levels, and systolic blood pressure levels) were all positively associated with 2-h PG. The percentages of patients with 2-h diabetes (isolated postchallenge hyperglycemia [IPH]) versus fasting plus 2-h diabetes by the World Health Organization criteria significantly (P = 0.005) increased as the patients' decades increased, whereas the impact of BMI on the percentages was significant only in young patients (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Aging was found to be the second best predictor of 2-h PG on multiple regression. Therefore, OGTT should be performed especially in elderly patients because they show IPH more frequently.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

So-called mesothelial/monocytic incidental cardiac excrescences obtained during valve replacement surgery: report of three cases and literature review.

We present three cases of so-called mesothelial/monocytic incidental cardiac excrescences (MICE) of the heart and a brief review of related literature. Case 1 was a 51-year-old woman who underwent mitral- and aortic-valve replacement. A tissue sample was submitted as a thrombus attached to the left atrial endocardium. Case 2 was a 69-year-old woman who underwent mitral-valve replacement. The sample was incidentally obtained as whitish clot-like fragments, but its exact origin was not known. Case 3 was a 68-year-old woman who underwent mitral-valve replacement for suspected infective endocarditis. The sample adherent to the pericardium was removed after valvular surgery. Histologically, these lesions were composed of a mixture of plump histiocytoid cells, a papillary arrangement of cuboidal cells, various sized vacuoles, and fibrin. The nests of cuboidal cells resembled cancer cells but showed features of mesothelial cells and no proliferative activity, immunohistochemically or ultrastructurally. In all cases, a suction tube placed in the left atrium was occasionally used to remove overflowing intrapericardial fluid during the surgery. The tip of the suction tube was covered with spiral wire, which is likely to transfer the stripped pericardial mesothelial cells to the left atrium. The significance of MICE is their possibility of being misdiagnosed as metastatic carcinoma by pathologists and a risk of arterial embolization by mesothelial debris clinically.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Relation between In ion ordering and crystal structure variation in homologous compounds InMO3(ZnO)m (M = Al and In; m = integer)

The relation between the ordering of In ions and the structure variation of homologous compounds InInO3(ZnO)13 and InAlO3(ZnO)m (m = 4, 5, and 13) have been studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is revealed that InMO3(ZnO)m is a layered structure, consisting of InO2(1-) (In-O) and MZn(m)Om+1(1+) (M/Zn-O) layers stacked alternatively. Structure variations from the basic one, caused by the ordering of In ions in the M/Zn-O layers, are observed both in In2O3(ZnO)m and InAlO3(ZnO)m. In In2O3(ZnO)m, a modulated structure appearing as zig-zag shaped contrast in the high-resolution image was found and is considered to be caused by the ordering of In ions along the zig-zag contrast area. In InAlO3(ZnO)m, no modulated structure was found. Instead, planar defect structures appearing in Al/Zn-O layers were observed. It is shown that this defect structure is caused by the excess introduction of In ions into the Al/Zn-O layers and the ordering of these In ions. By comparing the results of InInO3(ZnO)m and InAlO3(ZnO)m, it is shown that the reasons for the In ion ordering is the discrepancy between the larger In ion size and the smaller oxygen void for M/Zn ions in M/Zn-O layers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

The microstructural analysis of SiC nanorods by high-resolution electron microscopy.

Beta-SiC nanorods have been synthesized by the reaction of SiO and carbon nano-capsules. For the synthesis of SiC nanorods, it was examined that the reaction temperature and the ratio of SiO to carbon nanocapsules are important and the most appropriate temperature and ratio are around 1380 degreesC and 5:2, respectively. The synthesized SiC nanorods were characterized by high-resolution electron microscopy. Most of the SiC nanorods are straight and have the diameter of 30-150 nm while the SiC tips of the SiC nanorods have the size 100-400 nm. The SiC nanorods have many stacking faults normal to the [111] direction. Each SiC nanorod has one kind of preferential axis direction, which is either parallel or normal to the [111] direction. Based on the microstructural analysis of the SiC nanorods, a possible growth mechanism of the SiC nanorods is proposed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Low susceptibility of Long-Evans Cinnamon rats to N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis and inhibitory effect of urinary copper.

We studied the susceptibilities to N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis of male Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC), F344 and Long-Evans Agouti (LEA) rats. Male rats (n=21) were given 0.1% BBN in their drinking water from week 6, 8 and 10 for one week, and killed in week 56. The incidences of transitional cell tumors (papillomas plus carcinomas) in BBN-treated LEC and F344 rats were 12% and 76%, respectively (P<0.001, experiment 1), and those in LEC and LEA rats were 11% and 95%, respectively (P<0.001, experiment 2). When male LEC and F344 rats were given 0.1% BBN in their drinking water for 7 days, the intake of BBN and the urinary concentration of its active metabolite, N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine (BCPN), were higher in the LEC rats (P<0.01). The urinary pHs of untreated LEC and F344 rats were similar between week 6 and 30. The urinary copper concentration was lower in LEC rats before jaundice than in F344 rats, but its concentrations in 28- and 50-week-old LEC rats were 1.7 and 2.3 times those in F344 rats. In a two-stage carcinogenesis study using F344 rats, i.p. injections of cupric nitrilotriacetate increased urinary copper excretion, and inhibited BBN-induced bladder carcinogenesis. In a two-stage carcinogenesis study using LEC rats, oral administration of D-penicillamine decreased urinary copper excretion, and increased BBN-induced bladder cancer, although the difference was not significant. These data show that LEC rats are resistant to bladder carcinogenesis and suggest that urinary copper has a significant role in their resistance.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150) functions as a novel molecular chaperone in MDCK cells.

To assess the participation of the 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150) in protein transport, its function in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells was studied. Exposure of MDCK cells to hypoxia resulted in an increase of ORP150 antigen and increased binding of ORP150 to GP80/clusterin (80-kDa glycoprotein), a natural secretory protein in this cell line. In ORP150 antisense transformant MDCK cells, GP80 was retained within the endoplasmic reticulum after exposure to hypoxia. Metabolic labeling showed the delay of GP80 maturation in antisense transformants in hypoxia, whereas its matured form was detected in wild-type cells, indicating a role of ORP150 in protein transport, especially in hypoxia. The affinity chromatographic analysis of ORP150 suggested its ability to bind to ATP-agarose. Furthermore, the ATP hydrolysis analysis showed that ORP150 can release GP80 at a lower ATP concentration. These data indicate that ORP150 may function as a unique molecular chaperone in renal epithelial cells by facilitating protein transport/maturation in an environment where less ATP is accessible.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1999

Exposure of cultured primary rat astrocytes to hypoxia results in intracellular glucose depletion and induction of glycolytic enzymes.

Based on the neurotrophic properties of astrocytes in response to ischemia, the current work focuses on the mechanism for cultured astrocytes to adapt to a hypoxic environment. Intracellular glucose levels in primary cultured rat astrocytes exposed to hypoxia fell by 30% within 24 h, in parallel with a decrease in glycogen stores. Glycolytic metabolism was crucial for cell survival during hypoxia, as 2-deoxyglucose resulted in rapid ATP depletion and cell death. The mechanism for maintaining glucose levels under these conditions appeared to be mobilization of glycogen stores, rather than increased extracellular uptake of glucose, as gluconolactone (an inhibitor of beta1-4 amyloglucosidase) induced a rapid fall in cellular ATP in cultures subjected to hypoxia, whereas cytochalasin B was without affect. Addition of cycloheximide diminished the viability of astrocytes in hypoxia, suggesting an obligatory role of de-novo gene expression to respond to hypoxia. Consistently, the results of differential display suggested the induction of glycolytic enzymes, including aldolase A (EC 4.1.2.13), hexokinase II (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1), and triosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.1) in the hypoxic culture. Marked induction of these glycolytic enzymes in hypoxic astrocytes was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. These data provide a theoretical basis to understand the ability of astrocytes to tolerate ischemic condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Structure analysis of new homologous compounds Ga2O3(ZnO)m (m = integer) by high-resolution analytical transmission electron microscopy.

The crystal structure of a new homologous compound series, Ga(2)O(3)(ZnO)(m) (m = integer), is determined by high-resolution lattice imaging and high spatial resolution energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis in a field-emission analytical transmission electron microscope. This work was carried out mainly on the compound with m = 9 (digallium nonazinc dodecaoxide), which belongs to the orthorhombic system and has lattice constants a(o) = 0.33, b(o) = 2.0 and c(o) = 3.4 nm. From the extinction rules three possible space groups are selected and from them a unique space group is assigned as noncentrosymmetric Cmc2(1) (No. 36) on the basis of structural requirements. Ga(2)O(3)(ZnO)(m) is a layered structure consisting of Ga-O and m + 1 Ga/Zn-O layers stacked alternately along the c axis. It is shown that the structure of Ga(2)O(3)(ZnO)(m) differs from that of M(2)O(3)(ZnO)(m) (M = In, Fe; m = integer) reported previously. In Ga(2)O(3)(ZnO)(m) the Ga atoms occupy the tetrahedral sites in the Ga-O layers, whereas the M atoms in the M-O layers occupy the octahedral sites in M(2)O(3)(ZnO)(m) (M = In, Fe).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Boron nitride cones: structure determination by transmission electron microscopy.

A form of turbostratic boron nitride containing a large percentage of micrometre-size conically shaped particles was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Electron diffraction patterns revealed the presence of correlations between adjacent boron nitride layers. The diffraction patterns were also used to determine the cone apex angle of many cone-like objects. The apex angles exhibited a broad distribution from 84 to 130 degrees with an ill defined peak in the 92-95 degrees region. These results could be accounted for by a structure model in which conical boron nitride layers are helically wound about a disclination axis, according to overlap angles that correspond to high densities of coincidental lattice sites between successive layers. The clustering of the apex angles near 93 degrees was attributed to the formation of a square ring during the nucleation stage. This appears to be specific to the boron nitride system.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Development of Graves' hyperthyroidism from primary hypothyroidism in a case of thyroid hemiagenesis.

We report a 42-year-old female with right thyroid hemiagenesis who initially presented with hypothyroidism and then developed hyperthyroidism. The serum titer of thyroid-stimulating antibody was weakly positive in the initial hypothyroid state, and then markedly increased along with the development of hyperthyroidism, while thyroid stimulation-blocking antibody was continuously negative throughout the observation period. Thyroid histology of biopsied specimens during the hypothyroid state demonstrated diffuse thyroiditis with mononuclear cell infiltrations; however, the histology during the hyperthyroid state showed hyperplasia in follicular epithelial cells accompanied by partial lymphocyte infiltration. This is the first case of thyroid hemiagenesis associated with a conversion from primary hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis to hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effects of D-galactosamine hydrochloride and partial hepatectomy on spontaneous hepatic injury and hepatocarcinogenesis in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats.

To examine the effect of nongenotoxic chemicals on hepatocarcinogenesis in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, we gave 6-week-old male and female LEC rats (n = 18) weekly subcutaneous injections of D-galactosamine hydrochloride (GalN, 300 mg/kg) in 0.9% NaCl or only 0.9% NaCl for 50 weeks, and killed them in week 62. GalN-treated male rats unexpectedly showed no lethal necrotizing hepatitis. GalN treatment increased the incidence of cholangiofibrosis in males and its severity in females, but did not cause significant increases of hepatocellular tumors in either sex. GaIN treatment increased the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeling index of hepatocytes and plasma hepatocyte growth factor, and accelerated megalocytic alterations without reduction of the hepatic copper concentration. Next, male and female LEC rats were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) or sham hepatectomy in week 8 (n = 12) or in week 14 (n = 9), and killed in week 62. PH in week 14 inhibited lethal hepatitis, but PH in week 8 was less effective. PH reduced the hepatic copper concentration to half that of controls. The present data suggest that induction of hepatocyte regeneration by repeated injections of GalN, or by PH just before the onset of jaundice has a significant effect in prevention of hepatic injury of LEC rats, but not enhancement of spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Secretory immune system of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos). Identification and expression of the genes encoding IgA and IgM heavy chains.

IgA has not previously been identified in waterfowl. Studies instead revealed physical and antigenic similarities between duck bile immunoglobulin (Ig) and serum IgM. Here, a differential screening approach was used to clone, from a duck spleen library, the cDNA encoding the heavy (H) chains of IgM and the Ig, identified here as IgA, occurring in duck secretions. Phylogenetic comparisons of inferred amino acid sequences of entire H chain constant (C) regions and of individual domains revealed that the duck mu chain was closest to chicken mu (54% overall identity), and duck alpha was closest to chicken alpha (50% identity). Comparison of the mu and alpha C regions revealed areas of up to 65% amino acid similarity within the C4 domains, accounting for the previously noted antigenic overlap of duck IgM and IgA. Messages for alpha and mu were detected in duck lymphoid organs but the alpha message was most abundant in the respiratory, alimentary and reproductive tracts. The alpha message first appeared around 14 days of age and reached adult levels of expression only at 35-50 days. The results indicate that the duck has a mucosal immune system which utilizes IgA; however, the delayed expression and secretion of duck IgA explains the susceptibility of ducklings to mucosal pathogens. Since the waterfowl are among the most primitive extant birds, the recognition of IgA in the duck supports the conclusion that IgA occurs throughout the class Aves and also existed in the common ancestors of birds and mammals.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in non-obese Japanese diabetics without insulin therapy: a comparison of two commercial RIA kits based on recombinant and pig brain GAD.

To compare the clinical usefulness of commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits based on recombinant and pig brain GAD, we measured glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADAb) titers in 125 non-obese (body mass index < 24) Japanese diabetics without insulin therapy using two commercial RIA kits based on recombinant human (rh) GAD65 (GADAb Cosmic) and purified pig brain native GAD (RIP Anti-GAD Hoechst). The frequencies of GADAb positivity using these two RIA kits (normal ranges; < 1.3 and < 4.0 U/ml, respectively) were about 4.8 (6/125) and 3.2% (4/125), respectively. The six patients found to be positive with RIA using GADAb Cosmic demonstrated significantly higher prevalence of NIDDM in their parents (P = 0.04), lower beta-cell function estimated by intravenous glucagon loading tests (P = 0.03) and higher prevalence of progression to insulin therapy (P = 0.0001). Five of these six patients slowly progressed to insulin-requiring status within 34 +/- 11 months of follow-up evaluation, and one of these five patients progressed to a completely insulin-dependent status within 30 months from the onset of diabetes. Of these six patients, two demonstrated chronic pancreatitis, three had chronic thyroiditis, and five showed HLA DR4. Interestingly, two of the six patients demonstrated very low GADAb titers (2.3 and 2.9 U/ml), while RIP Anti-GAD Hoechst showed no positivity with the same sera. Based on the binding study after pre-incubation of unlabeled GADs, these low titrated GADAb were elucidated to be true specific reactions to rh GAD65 alone. Moreover, one of the two patients with chronic thyroiditis and HLA DR4 slowly progressed to insulin-requiring status over a period of 45 months. These findings suggest that the measurement of GADAb using a commercial assay kit with rh GAD65 may be more useful to detect non-insulin-dependent type I diabetics among non-obese patients than using a commercial kit with purified pig brain native GAD, especially among those with low GADAb titers.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Three diabetic cases of acute dizziness due to initial administration of voglibose.

We observed 3 diabetic patients with intolerable dizziness followed by nausea and vomiting immediately after an initial administration of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose. These symptoms did not recur after discontinuation of the drug. Adverse effects as observed in these cases have not been reported previously. Since the 3 patients were relatively old (average age, 72 years old) and had various degrees of micro- and macroangiopathies, these side effects may have been associated with increased micro- and macrocirculatory disturbances in their central nervous systems through alpha-glucosidase inhibition of this agent.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

High Critical-Current Density in the Heavily Pb-Doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta Superconductor: Generation of Efficient Pinning Centers

Critical-current density (Jc) is a parameter of primary importance for potential applications of high-temperature copper oxide superconductors. It is limited principally by the breakdown of zero-resistive current due to thermally activated flux flow at high temperatures and high magnetic fields. One promising method to overcome this limitation is to introduce efficient pinning centers into crystals that can suppress the flux flow. A marked increase in Jc was observed in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi-2212) single crystals doped with a large amount of Pb. By electron microscopy, characteristic microstructures were revealed that probably underlie the observed enhancement in Jc: thin (10 to 50 nanometers), platelike domains having a modulation-free structure appeared with spacings of 50 to 100 nanometers along the b axis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Fecal microflora in a patient with short-bowel syndrome and identification of dominant lactobacilli.

Fecal microflora and lactate concentrations in blood and feces obtained from a patient (a 5 year-old boy) with short-bowel syndrome (SBS) were compared during acidosis to results for the normal condition (no SBS symptoms). The taxonomical position of the lactobacilli found predominantly in the feces sample obtained 2 days before the fifth attack was also studied. The D-lactate level in serum obtained 1 day after the fourth attack was 10-fold higher than that for the normal condition, although there was not a great difference in L-lactate levels. D-Lactate (3.91 mM) and L-lactate (2.86 mM) were also detected in the feces samples collected 2 days before the fifth attack, while no lactate was detected in the feces sample for the normal condition. The counts of total fecal bacteria, especially anaerobic bacteria such as members of the family Bacteroidaceae, were found to be low. The counts of lactobacilli and the total population of lactobacilli relative to total fecal bacteria in the feces 2 days before the fifth attack (40.4%) were extremely high. In this case, a majority of the lactobacilli were D-lactate producers as determined by homolactic fermentation. These lactobacilli were identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis. The percentages of bifidobacteria relative to total fecal bacteria in feces samples obtained both 2 days before the fifth attack (50.9%) and for normal condition (61.9%) were also high, although these bacteria were L-lactate producers. In the feces samples for the normal condition, the D-lactate producers decreased to less than 10(9) per g, while the counts of L- or DL-lactate producers were 100-fold higher than the numbers in feces samples obtained 2 days before the fifth attack. These results suggested that an increase in the level of D-lactate producers, such as L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, in the colon may be associated with the clinical expression of metabolic acidosis.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1997

A case of acute exacerbation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with a nontender thyroid.

We report a 54-year-old female with high grade fever, fatigue, and painless swelling of the thyroid gland. Based on findings of high gallium-67 citrate uptake in an enlarged thyroid gland accompanied by severe systemic inflammation including an increase in various cytokines and histology of biopsied specimens indicating typical chronic thyroiditis, a diagnosis of acute exacerbation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis was made. All clinical symptoms were relieved by oral naproxen following a prolonged hypothyroid status. This may be the first case report describing painless acute exacerbation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and may provide insight into the clinical spectrum of acute inflammatory reactions in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Acute Disease↗