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Biomedical subjects

Y Attia

Publications and source records attributed to Y Attia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A giant sauropod dinosaur from an Upper Cretaceous mangrove deposit in Egypt.

We describe a giant titanosaurid sauropod dinosaur discovered in coastal deposits in the Upper Cretaceous Bahariya Formation of Egypt, a unit that has produced three Tyrannosaurus-sized theropods and numerous other vertebrate taxa. Paralititan stromeri is the first tetrapod reported from Bahariya since 1935. Its 1.69-meter-long humerus is longer than that of any known Cretaceous sauropod. The autochthonous scavenged skeleton was preserved in mangrove deposits, raising the possibility that titanosaurids and their predators habitually entered such environments.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Transmission in utero of the hepatitis B virus in ivory coast the case for mass vaccination

Background. Hepatitis B is a major public health problem in the developing countries of Africa and Asia because the prevalence of HBs antigen carriers is high. In Ivory Coast, the prevalence of HBs antigen carriers is more than 8% (6 to 29%). In these countries, in which hepatitis B is highly endemic, most infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) occur during early childhood. The chronic carriage of HBV was found to be common in children, who played a key role in maintaining the high level of endemicity in these areas. Vaccines against HBV are effective and their introduction as part of the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI), as recommended by the WHO, is feasible. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HBs antigen in pregnant women and to determine the rate of maternal transmission of HBV to the fetus, to demonstrate the importance of HBs antigen screening during pregnancy and the immunization of babies in the Ivory Coast. Patients and methods. Between August 1995 and February 1996, 395 women in the last three months of pregnancy (age 25 6.9 years) were screened for HBs antigen. Those testing positive were also screened for HBe antigen. Transmission of HBV in utero was studied with 322 mothers and their offspring. HBs antigen was assayed in the cord blood of the offspring of HBs antigen-positive mothers. If the test for HBs antigen was positive, HBe antigen was also assayed. Second-generation ELISA tests (MONOLISA HBs Ag and MONOLISA HBe Ag from Sanofi Pasteur) were used. Babies from HBs antigen-positive mothers were vaccinated at birth with three doses of GenHevac B.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Plasma cytokines in graft vs host disease and complications following bone marrow transplantation.

A cohort of 201 autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplanted (BMT) patients were included for studying the evolution of circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) by means of repeated plasma determinations. IL-6 levels were high during major transplant-related complications (TRC) or severe graft vs host disease (GVHD). High levels of TNF-alpha seemed to be associated with chronic GVHD but not with acute GVHD or TRC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 as rejection markers in a cohort of 142 heart-grafted patients followed by endomyocardial biopsy.

The rejection reaction after cell or organ transplantation has to be detected as early as possible in order to conduct optimal immunosuppressive treatment. Among the numerous events leading to rejection, cytokine production, especially of tumour necrosis factor alpha, is particularly important. Interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha were investigated in 142 heart-grafted patients in order to define an early peripheral non-invasive marker of an acute rejection that could fit well with myocardial biopsy results. Cytokines were immunoenzymatically measured in blood specimens collected on the day of the endomyocardial biopsy. The values were compared to the grade of heart graft rejection established according to pathological criteria. Plasma interleukin-6 and especially tumour necrosis factor alpha determined on the day of the rejection diagnosis were significantly increased in the patient sample with moderate or severe rejection when compared with mean values of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha in the patient sample without rejection or with mild rejection (P = 0.04 and 0.001 respectively). Because high levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha may appear before histological signs, this biological marker could be useful in the follow-up of heart-grafted patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Maxillary canine-first premolar transposition, associated dental anomalies and genetic basis.

Maxillary canine-first premolar (Mx.C.P1) transposition, an uncommon dental anomaly involving positional interchange of the two teeth, was studied using a sample of 43 subjects with the abnormality. Data were recorded on sidedness, sex, race, tooth agenesis, and peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors for each case. Mx.C.P1 transposition occurred bilaterally in nearly one-quarter of the sample and favored female expression (sex ratio, M1:F3.8) and left-side occurrence (61% of unilateral cases). Familial occurrence was noted, as was a predilection for white subjects. Tooth agenesis (excluding third molars) and/or peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors accompanied Mx.C.P1 transposition in 49% (21) of the subjects, four to ten times the normal rate of occurrence. Data from this study and the analysis of previously published cases provided strong evidence that Mx.C.P1 transposition is a disturbance of tooth order and eruptive position resulting from genetic influences within a multifactorial inheritance model.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Midline diastemas: closure and stability.

In growing patients, midline diastemas often appear during a transitory stage of development, and then close spontaneously. Occasionally a local cause must be identified and eliminated before the diastema can be closed orthodontically with a stable result. In nongrowing adult patients, the situation is quite different. The following case report shows two patients with similar malocclusions who received similar treatment but whose results were quite different. The patients had relatively rare mandibular midline diastemas in which the causative factor was tongue resting pressure. The report concludes with a description of two posttreatment alternatives to avoid relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Geographical distribution and pathogenesis of chronic calcifying pancreatitis in tropical zones. Results of a multicenter survey in French-speaking Black Africa].

Chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP) is rare in countries with low alcohol consumption except in some tropical countries where malnutrition is widespread (southwest India) and in which CCP occurs in young non-alcoholics. In Black Africa sporadic cases of CCP have been reported in English-speaking countries (Uganda, Nigeria). The purpose of this study was to: a) assess the geographical distribution of CCP in French-speaking Africa; b) estimate the relative proportion of alcoholic CCP (ACCP) and juvenile tropical pancreatitis (JCCP). A total of 92 cases were included in this study, conducted in 16 French-speaking African countries (including Madagascar). There were no cases in countries with partly desert to climates and Moslem populations. Of these 92 cases, 86 corresponded to ACCP due to over consumption of various types of alcoholic beverages depending on the region. All were males with a mean age at diagnosis of 40.7 yrs. The remaining 6 cases were JCCP which were observed in areas of malnutrition with low intakes of animal protein and lipids. In this group the male/female ratio was 1/1 and the mean age at discovery was 15 yrs. Manioc toxicity did not appear to play any role. The "mixed" form, i.e. associating current alcohol consumption with childhood malnutrition, which has been described in young moderate drinkers in Burundi, was a possibility in 4 of the 86 cases of ACCP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Exocrine pancreatic function of children from the Ivory Coast compared to French children. Effect of kwashiorkor.

One hundred nineteen children, either French or from the Ivory Coast, aged 1-8 years, were submitted to pancreatic function testing by duodenal aspiration. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, phospholipase, amylase, volume, bicarbonate, chloride, and calcium were estimated before and after an intravenous injection of 1 CU secretin + 3 CHR units pancreozymin per kilogram of body weight. Sixty-two patients were normal European children, and 11 were normal African children. Twenty-five African children presented with kwashiorkor and 10 African children had presented with kwashiorkor but had recovered at the time of the test. Three cases of recurrent kwashiorkor are also included. In the normal group of African children, phospholipase concentration, volume, and bicarbonate were significantly decreased but chymotrypsin and trypsin concentrations were not, when compared to the normal European population. In kwashiorkor patients, lipase, amylase, phospholipase, and chymotrypsin concentration were significantly decreased compared to normal Africans. Trypsin, volume, and bicarbonate were not affected. These modifications disappeared after refeeding. In cases of recurrent kwashiorkor, all enzymes, including trypsin, were decreased. Calcium was never modified. These modifications were very different from those observed in chronic alcoholic and hypercalcemic pancreatitis. In a two-year study, chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP) was diagnosed in 14 patients (13 males), hospitalized in Abidjan. The mean age at onset of the disease was 41 years (SD 12.71), which is very similar to European cases. The most frequent cause was alcoholism, as in Occidental countries. The nutrition of the population was low in protein, calories being provided mostly by manioc, but no apparent symptoms of malnutrition were observed in the parents of our patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗