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Y Aso

Publications and source records attributed to Y Aso.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Response criteria for the therapeutic efficacy of treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Response criteria for the therapeutic efficacy of treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were proposed following the International Consultation on BPH held in 1993. In the present study, we validated the criteria and proposed a simplified form, which consists of the responses of three parameters: symptom score and quality of life assessed by the international prostate symptom score and the maximum flow rate. Each of the three individual parameters is evaluated as one of four response grades: excellent, good, fair or poor, and the number of response grade of the three parameters determines the overall response. Excellent and Good responses are regarded as effective, and fair and poor are regarded as not effective. The validity of the response criteria was assessed by comparing the responses determined by these criteria with those made by physicians in charge using a group of 225 patients receiving various treatments. The agreement rates on effectiveness of overall responses between the response criteria and physicians were 77% for a multicenter trial of medical treatment (n = 94), 100% for TURP (n = 23), 92% for laser treatment (n = 47), 80% for thermal treatment (n = 26) and 78% for alpha-blockers (n = 35), respectively. Altogether, 88% (198 of 225 cases) were evaluated accurately regarding effectiveness. Addition of prostate volume to the battery of response parameters made little contribution to diagnostic accuracy. Deletion of any of the other three parameters, however, significantly compromised the quality of assessment. These results suggest that the proposed criteria may be useful as the standard method for the assessment of the clinical efficacy of BPH treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Preventive effect of a Lactobacillus casei preparation on the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer in a double-blind trial. The BLP Study Group.

A double-blind trial was conducted in 138 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder following transurethral resection to evaluate the prophylaxis of recurrence by an oral Lactobacillus casei preparation (BLP). Patients were stratified into the following 3 subgroups: (A) with primary multiple tumors; (B) with recurrent single tumors, and (C) with recurrent multiple tumors. In each group, patients were randomly allocated to receive BLP or placebo. BLP showed a better prophylactic effect in subgroups A and B than placebo, whereas no significant difference was observed in subgroup C. Cox multivariate analysis showed that the outcome with BLP was significantly better than with placebo (p = 0.01). Slight and tolerable adverse reactions occurred in 3 patients receiving BLP and in 3 of the placebo-treated patients. Oral administration of BLP was thus safe and effective for preventing recurrence of superficial bladder cancer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

[Evaluation of advanced bladder tumor].

Ninety-two cases of advanced bladder tumor treated at the University of Tokyo and branch hospital from January 1977 to December 1992 were analyzed. The advanced bladder tumor was defined as that of higher than pT2 (according to the General Rule for Clinical and Pathological Studies on Bladder Cancer) or that with distant metastases. The following variants were evaluated, the therapeutic methods, the histological type, grade, stage, type of infiltration. The evidence of lymphatic infiltration, vessel infiltration, and lymph node metastases were also reviewed. The survival rate was calculated using Kaplan-Meier's method. In the cases with lymph node metastases, the survival rate was significantly lower than in the cases without metastases (p < 0.01), while no other factors affected the survival rate.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1995

[Histochemical expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) for pre and post chemotherapeutic bladder cancer].

We examined whether the staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) could be useful as a marker of chemotherapeutic effectiveness in nine patients with invasive bladder cancer treated by bilateral internal iliac artery infusion of cisplatin (CDDP). Two types of monoclonal antibodies PC-10, 19A2 were used for immunohistochemical staining in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. There was no difference between positive rates of PC-10 and 19A2. The mean positive rates between pre-chemotherapeutic specimens (15.4 +/- 6.7%) and post-chemotherapeutic specimens (4.2 +/- 3.1%) showed statistically significant difference (p < 001). The immunohistochemical evaluation of PCNA has value for investigation of cell's turnover. Therefore, the changes of PCNA-positive rate could be a historical parameter for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic effects.

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PubMed1995

Detection of a glycosphingolipid antigen in bladder cancer cells with monoclonal antibody MRG-1.

The monoclonal antibody MRG-1 has been evaluated for the immunohistochemical detection of the type 3 chain of blood group A in human normal bladder epithelium and bladder tumours. Light microscope examination of paraffin sections demonstrated that this antigen was present in normal epithelium and superficial bladder tumour in patients with blood group A or AB, but was absent in the invasive type of bladder tumour. In normal epithelium, the plasma membrane was positive for this antigen, and the cytoplasm was diffusely stained. In superficial transitional cell carcinoma, the plasma membrane was negative, whereas the cytoplasm was intensely stained in the perinuclear region. This pattern was different from that observed for type 1 and 2 group A antigen, which was recognized mainly at the plasma membrane. However, in superficial transitional cell carcinoma, the staining was also seen on the plasma membrane. The pattern of the localization of this antigen in this carcinoma was influenced by the treatment of organic solvents. Electron microscopical observations confirmed that this antigen was localized on the plasma membrane and also in the Golgi apparatus of the superficial tumour. These results proved that the type 3 chain of blood group A is present in human bladder epithelium and low grade tumours in correspondence with the blood type, but disappears in tumours with high malignant potential. However, its expression is independent of the expressions of the other subtypes which have been studied. Furthermore, the changes in the staining pattern caused by pretreatment with organic solvents suggested possible differences in the microenvironment of the glycolipids containing this type of sugar chain.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical localization of glucose transporters in human renal cell carcinoma.

The localization of 2 isoforms of glucose transporters (GLUT1 and GLUT4) in 75 patients with renal cell carcinoma was examined immunohistochemically. Paraffin sections were immunostained with either anti-GLUT1 or GLUT4 antibody by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. In 55 of 75 patients, GLUT1 staining was demonstrated at the plasma membrane of the cancer cells. In the clear cell subtype, 44 of 52 (84.6%) patients were positive for GLUT1. We did not detect positive staining for GLUT1 in the spindle cell type. In the mixed cell subtype, positive staining was recognized in only the areas of clear cell carcinomas (10 of 13; 76.9%). Positive staining for GLUT1 did not show any significant correlation with tumor grade or extent. Heterogeneous expression of GLUT1 was observed in tumor cell mass: some tumor cells were positive for GLUT1, while other cells were not. In adjacent normal tissue, GLUT1 staining was only recognized at the plasma membrane of some renal tubules. GLUT4 staining was not recognized in either tumor or normal tissues.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1994

Promotional effect of two-generation exposure to a high-fat diet on prostate carcinogenesis in ACI/Seg rats.

Epidemiological studies have shown an association between a high-fat diet and a high mortality rate from breast, colon, and prostate cancer. However, the promotional effect of a high-fat diet on experimental carcinogenesis has not been fully established for the prostate. In this study, the effect on prostatic carcinogenesis of two-generation exposure to a high-fat diet was investigated using ACI/Seg rats, a strain with high incidence of spontaneous prostate cancer. A high-fat diet (20% corn oil) or a low-fat diet (5% corn oil) was given to mother rats during pregnancy and the newborn male rats were fed the same diets for 60 or 100 weeks after weaning. At 100 weeks, atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the prostate were respectively found in 73.3% (11/15) and 20.0% (3/15) of the high-fat diet group and in 20.0% (3/15) and 0% (0/15) of the low-fat diet group. There was a significant increase of atypical hyperplasia in the high-fat diet group (P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of sex hormones and the prostatic proliferative activity as measured by flow cytometry or bromodeoxyuridine labeling were not significantly affected by diet. These results showed that feeding a high-fat diet before conception and from the beginning of organogenesis had a marked promotional effect on the early stage of prostate carcinogenesis in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Alteration in the JC polyomavirus genome is enhanced in immunosuppressed renal transplant patients.

JC polyomavirus (JCV) DNAs derived from urine generally contain an archetypal regulatory sequence, whereas regulatory regions of JCVs in the brain with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) have specifically altered regulatory regions. However, JCV DNAs with regulatory regions that deviate from the archetype sometimes occur in the urine of non-PML patients. In this study, we compared the incidence of these rearranged regulatory regions between immunosuppressed (renal transplant recipients) and nonimmunosuppressed patients. We found that the incidence of rearranged JCV regulatory regions was significantly higher in renal transplant patients than that in nonimmunosuppressed patients. This finding suggests that immunosuppression would permit accumulation of JCV with rearranged regulatory regions. On the other hand, from the following observations, we conclude that rearranged regulatory regions unique to PML-type JCVs rarely occur even in renal transplant patients: (1) rearrangements in JCVs from these patients were almost exclusively simple, that is deletions or duplications; (2) duplication of domain A or deletion of domain B, each being a feature common to most PML-type regulatory regions, was rarely detected in JCVs from the patients. The data are consistent with the fact that PML is a rare disease in patients with decreased immune competence and support the hypothesis that changes in the JCV regulatory region may be involved with the etiology of PML.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Transurethral ultrasound-guided laser-induced prostatectomy (TULIP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia: clinical utility at one-year follow-up and imaging analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The clinical utility of transurethral ultrasound-guided laser-induced prostatectomy (TULIP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the laser effect on prostatic tissue were investigated. METHODS: TULIP was carried out under epidural anesthesia on 30 patients with symptomatic BPH (aged 63-92 years; mean, 73.9 years). RESULTS: Excluding 4 cases that were lost to follow-up, the mean modified Boyarsky symptom score significantly improved (P < 0.001) from a preoperative level of 22.2 +/- 5.3 to 7.7 +/- 4.3 at three months and 6.2 +/- 4.1 at one year. Maximum flow rate increased from 7.9 +/- 3.4 mL/sec to 14.5 +/- 5.9 mL/sec at three months and 14.7 +/- 6.3 mL/sec at one year (P < 0.001). A decrease in residual urine volume from 72 +/- 65 mL to 10 +/- 18 mL at three months and 16 +/- 17 mL at one year was also noted (P < 0.005). Transrectal ultrasonography revealed that estimated prostate volume was decreased from 39.7 +/- 20.4 mL to 26.9 +/- 20.3 mL at three months (P < 0.05) but it regrew to 32.2 +/- 26.2 mL at one year. Magnetic resonance imaging clearly showed less enhanced area to a depth of approximately 10 mm in the periurethral region, which could be attributable to coagulation necrosis in the prostatic tissue. Adverse effects were limited to epididymitis in 2 cases and no sexual dysfunction was associated with the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: TULIP is an effective and safe alternative procedure to induce long-lasting relief of prostatic obstruction by coagulation necrosis in the periurethral region.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Collagen implantation for post-prostatectomy incontinence: early experience with a transrectal ultrasonographically guided method.

Ten patients with post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence underwent collagen implantation via the transrectal ultrasonographic guided method. Mean followup was 14 months (range 9 to 18 months). The procedure was performed through the perineum with the patient under local or epidural block anesthesia. The mean amount of collagen implantation was 20.0 ml. (range 10 to 37.5) and the mean number of treatments was 1.5 sessions (range 1 to 3). Results were successful in 6 patients, 1 of whom was completely cured (became dry). There were no marked complications associated with this procedure. We previously performed collagen implantation under cystoscopic observation. However, the ultrasonography guided method allows for the bladder neck to be identified and the needle to be positioned with real-time monitoring. After insertion of a urethral balloon catheter, the bladder neck and needle can be visualized clearly by transrectal ultrasonography. In our series the average amount of collagen injected was less than in the conventional method but the results were superior. In conclusion, transrectal ultrasonographically guided collagen implantation via the transperineal approach may be superior for the treatment of urinary incontinence.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Is stability prediction possible for protein drugs? Denaturation kinetics of beta-galactosidase in solution.

Denaturation and aggregation kinetics of Aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase in solution were studied in order to determine whether the stability of protein drugs can be predicted. Denaturation of beta-galactosidase, monitored by measuring enzyme activity, conformed to first-order kinetics, whereas aggregation of the denatured form, monitored by high performance size exclusion chromatography, showed a reaction order higher than 1. Denaturation of beta-galactosidase was irreversible and exhibited a biphasic kinetic pattern which could be explained by assuming that two isoenzymes denatured irreversibly at different rates. Linear Arrhenius plots were obtained for the estimated rate constants, and delta H not equal to and delta S++ to were estimated according to the Eyring equation. The estimated delta H++ was much larger than delta H++ observed in usual chemical reactions. The present study suggests that the denaturation of protein drugs can be analyzed by the Eyring equation in the same manner as chemical degradation, contradicting the general consensus that accelerated testing can not be used to predict the stability of protein formulations.

Enzyme Stability↗
PubMed1994

Effect of alpha-interferon alone and combined with other antineoplastic agents on renal cell carcinoma determined by the tetrazolium microculture assay.

The antiproliferative effect of various alpha-interferons (alpha-IFNs), alone or combined with other agents, on a renal cell carcinoma cell line was evaluated by the tetrazolium microculture assay to examine the rationale for combination therapies. Cells incubated in 96-week microculture plates at 5 x 10(3)/well were exposed to various agents for 3 days. There were no obvious differences in the growth inhibition caused by the 5 kinds of alpha-IFN examined as single agents. The combination of alpha-IFN with the following agents was also assessed: 5-fluorouracil (5FU), methotrexate (MTX), mitomycin C, bleomycin, cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (CDDP), vinblastine, etoposide (ETOP), alpha-IFN, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), and alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Synergism was observed for the combination of alpha-IFN+TNF, while the other combinations had additive or subadditive effects. No interference or antagonism was found. Trimodal combinations of alpha-IFN+MTX with either 5FU, ETOP, or CDDP all showed subadditive effects. These results indicated that an increased antiproliferative effect, although not necessarily synergistic, was obtained by the combination of alpha-IFN with a variety of antineoplastic agents, providing a rationale to seek for combination therapies including alpha-IFN for treating renal cell carcinoma.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1994

[Treatment of advanced prostatic cancer--chronological change between 1975 and 1991].

A chronological analysis of the clinical features and treatments of advanced prostatic cancer, stages C and D, was performed in 154 cases treated from 1976 through 1991. These cases were divided into two chronological groups: 61 cases treated between 1976 and 1983, and 93 cases between 1984 and 1991. Concerning demographic features and diagnosis, the number of patients with lymph node metastasis was higher in the latter group. There was also increase in cases who were urologically asymptomatic and detected by checkup digital rectal examination or by the elevation of serum prostatic tumor markers. Histopathological differentiation was consistent between the two groups; more than 70% of cancers were moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. As for the treatment, total prostatectomy was performed in eight cases in the latter against none in the earlier, but hormonal therapy remained the main treatment throughout the periods: 74.2% in the earlier and 70.7% in the latter. However the methods of the therapy have clearly changed; estrogens and castration were used less often in the latter period, while LH-RH analogues and antiandrogens replaced them although the therapy was equally effective in 82.3% of the cases in the earlier and in 90.4% in the later period and five-year survival rate and the progression-free survival rate at three years showed no significant difference between the two periods. These results showed 1) refined quality of diagnosis 2) a change in mode of hormonal therapy and 3) no detectable improvement of survival in these 16 years. Development of more effective therapies would be warranted for a better survival.

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