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Biomedical subjects

Y Asada

Publications and source records attributed to Y Asada.

301 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Severe central fracture-dislocation of the hip migrated deep into the pelvis complicating ileal rupture and ipsilateral comminuted femoral fracture: CT characteristics.

A case of severe central fracture-dislocation of the hip migrated deep into the pelvis complicating ileal rupture and ipsilateral comminuted fracture of the proximal femur was described. Plain CT images of the pelvis were distinctive and quite useful for evaluating the severity of the injury. Osteomyelitis of the proximal femur occurred soon after resection of the femoral head and suturing of the peritoneum though laparotomy. Complete closure of the peritoneal laceration and rapid totally diverting colostomy would be recommendable in order to avoid infectious complications in such a severe central fracture-dislocation of the hip.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Probability of sperm recovery in non-obstructive azoospermic patients presenting with testes volume less than 10 ml/FSH level exceeding 20 mIU/ml.

We evaluated the sperm recovery rate in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients presenting with bilateral testicular atrophy characterized by testes volume of less than 10ml and FSH levels exceeding 20 mIU/ml (group NOA-1), and compared the results to those NOA cases displaying unilateral testis volume exceeding 10 ml or FSH levels less than 20 mIU/ml (group NOA-2). Sperm retrieval was conducted in 261 azoospermic patients from April 1995 to December 2002. Forty-six NOA-1 and 37 NOA-2 individuals underwent microdissection TESE or 3-4 standard biopsies. Sperm recovery was achieved in 11 (24%) and 12 (32%) cases in NOA-1 and NOA-2, respectively. All couples received ICSI. Four clinical pregnancies (36.3%) in NOA-1 and two (17%) in NOA-2 resulted. Five subsequent healthy deliveries were obtained. NOA patients presenting with bilateral severe atrophic testes volume and obviously elevated FSH levels exhibited approximately 24% probability of sperm recovery. On the other hand, NOA characterized by testicular atrophy or elevated FSH levels displayed probability of approximately 32%. Differences in sperm recovery were not evident between NOA-1 and NOA-2. No successful pre-operative predictors of sperm recovery were identified.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disseminated infection with Trichosporon asahii.

Trichosporon fungaemia and disseminated, purpuric, papular skin lesions developed on the head, trunk and extremities of a 5-year-old female with acute lymphocytic leukaemia. Histopathologically, the skin lesions demonstrated dermal budding yeasts. She died despite treatment with antifungal drugs. The isolate from the blood was further identified morphologically and physiologically as Trichosporon asahii, based on the revision of the genus Trichosporon by Guého et al. (1992). According to the new revision, T. asahii is the only taxon regularly involved in systemic mycoses, so that most of the isolates previously reported as T. beigelii (formerly, T. cutaneum) in human deep mycoses are now thought to belong to T. asahii.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of nitric oxide in pathogenesis of aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats.

We examined the effect of NO synthase inhibitor on the functional and ulcerogenic responses to aspirin (ASA) in rat stomach. The animals were given ASA (20-80 mM) orally with or without HCl (10-50 mM) and killed 2 h later. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was given i.v. 5 min before aspirin. In the functional study, a rat stomach was mounted on an ex vivo chamber under urethane anesthesia, perfused with saline, and transmucosal potential difference (PD), luminal pH, acid secretion and mucosal blood flow (GMBF) were measured simultaneously. ASA alone caused gastric damage in a dose-related manner; mostly nonhemorrhagic lesions. Pretreatment with L-NAME worsened such lesions and caused severe hemorrhagic lesions. Coadministration of HCl with ASA also potentiated gastric lesions in a concentration-dependent manner, changing nonhemorrhagic into hemorrhagic damage, and the worsening effect of L-NAME disappeared when 80 mM ASA was given together with HCl at >20 mM. In chambered stomachs, the mucosal application of ASA (80 mM, 30 min) caused a marked reduction in PD and a slight decrease in acid secretion, with minimal change in GMBF. L-NAME blocked the reduced acid response following ASA and caused stimulation of acid secretion with no effect on PD and GMBF. These effects of L-NAME were all antagonized by coadministration of L-arginine and significantly mitigated by sensory deafferentation or pretreatment with cimetidine or FPL-52694. These results suggest that (1) intragastric administration of ASA causes a release of NO, which reduces the development of hemorrhagic lesions by decreasing acid secretion, and (2) L-NAME worsens gastric damage by increasing acid secretion in ASA-treated stomachs, the process being dependent on endogenous histamine and sensory neurons.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of nadifloxacin on neutrophil functions.

Recent reports indicate that nadifloxacin is an effective therapy for acne vulgaris and has a mechanism of action similar to that of the tetracyclines which act directly as antioxidants against infiltrated neutrophils. The effects of nadifloxacin on neutrophil functions, including the generation of reactive oxygen species, chemotaxis and phagocytosis were investigated. Nadifloxacin reduced the numbers of superoxide radical anions (O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (OH.) generated by neutrophils. The drug did not, however, significantly inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis nor did it decrease the levels generated in a cell-free, xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. These results indicate that the clinical effectiveness of nadifloxacin may be partly due to its inhibitory action on the generation of O2- and OH. by neutrophils leading to a reduction in oxidative tissue injury.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of roxithromycin on the generation of reactive oxygen species in vitro.

The effect of roxithromycin (ROM), a new oral semi-synthetic macrolide, on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), using human neutrophils and a cell-free, xanthine-xanthine oxidase system was examined. The species investigated were the superoxide radical anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the hydroxyl radical (OH.). ROM effectively inhibited the generation of O2-, H2O2 and OH. by human neutrophils. On the other hand, the drug did not markedly affect the ROS levels generated in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. The present study indicates that ROM may exert an anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting neutrophil oxygen radical generation at the sites of inflammation.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of roxithromycin in patients with acne.

On the basis of reports that erythromycin is effective in the treatment of acne, we investigated whether roxithromycin (ROM), a new derivative of erythromycin, might also be effective in treating acne. Roxithromycin was administered to 30 patients with acne for 8 weeks. General improvement was assessed 8 weeks after the initiation of the therapy with a six-graded scale as follows; 1: good improvement, 2: moderate improvement, 3: slight improvement, 4: no change, 5: worsening, and 6: no assessment. The percentage of good or moderate improvement was 73.3%, and that of good improvement alone was 20.0%. Our results suggest that ROM is effective in the treatment of acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhanced effect of clarithromycin on neutrophil function in vitro.

An in vitro study was carried out to investigate the effect of clarithromycin, a new oral macrolide, on neutrophil reactive oxygen species generation and chemotaxis. It was found that neutrophil-generated O2-, H2O2 and OH. levels were significantly increased by clarithromycin at concentrations of 50 micrograms/ml (P < 0.05). The drug also significantly increased chemotaxis (P < 0.05). These results indicate that clarithromycin may enhance the activation of neutrophils in vivo.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of pyridone carboxylic acid anti-microbials on the generation of reactive oxygen species in vitro.

The effects of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and balofloxacin on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels generated by human neutrophils was examined in vitro; ROS generated in a cell-free, xanthine-xanthine oxidase system was also assessed. The species investigated were superoxide radical anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH*). Both ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin markedly decreased the levels of O2-, H2O2 and OH* generated by human neutrophils. On the other hand, these drugs did not affect any of the ROS examined in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. Balofloxacin showed no significant effect on ROS generated by either system. The present study indicates that ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin may exert an anti-inflammatory action by reducing the potent ROS species excessively generated by neutrophils at the sites of inflammation.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of keigai-rengyo-to, a Japanese kampo medicine, on neutrophil functions: a possible mechanism of action of keigai-rengyo-to in acne.

On the basis of recent reports that keigai-rengyo-to (TJ-50), an oral Japanese Kampo (herb) medicine, is clinically effective in treating acne, and that tetracyclines are effective against acne by acting directly as an antioxidant on infiltrated neutrophils, we investigated the effect of TJ-50 on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), using human neutrophils and a cell-free, xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. The species investigated were superoxide radical anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (OH.). In addition, neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis and calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i in neutrophils were also assessed. TJ-50 significantly decreased neutrophil-generated O2-, H2O2 and OH. in a dose-dependent manner. Three kinds of ROS generated in the cell-free system were also reduced in the presence of TJ-50. On the other hand, the medicine did not markedly affect neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis or [Ca2+]i in neutrophils. Our results indicate that the clinical effectiveness of TJ-50 in the treatment of acne may be due partly to its antioxidant action on infiltrated neutrophils.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration versus epididymal micropuncture with perivascular nerve stimulation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection to treat unreconstructable obstructive azoospermia.

A novel sperm collection method by epididymal micropuncture combined with perivascular nerve stimulation has been developed to obtain as many clean sperm as possible for IVF for patients with surgically irreparable vasal obstruction. To assess whether the new technique could improve the fertilization and pregnancy rates obtained when attempting microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) to retrieve epididymal sperm from such patients, a prospective randomized comparative study was conducted. Twenty-nine cycles of conventional MESA with ICSI were performed on 25 couples with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) and four failed vasovasostomy cases (group 1). Thirty cycles of epididymal micropuncture with nerve stimulation with ICSI were performed on 28 couples with CBAVD and two failed epididymovasostomy cases (group 2). The mean volume of epididymal fluid and sperm motility in group 2 was significantly higher than that in group 1 (p < .001). Both fertilization and pregnancy rates in group 2 were significantly higher than those in group 1 (p < .001 and p < .03). This novel epididymal sperm collection method for ICSI can provide significantly higher fertilization and pregnancy rates than conventional MESA for ICSI.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the water-reservoir functions of the stratum corneum.

The stratum corneum plays an important role in keeping the skin surface supple and flexible. After exposure to sunlight, the skin may become dry and scaly. In the present study, the water content, hygroscopicity and water-holding capacity of the stratum corneum were examined after ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure to the guinea pig skin. Manually depilated back skin was exposed once to 1, 2 and 3 times the minimal erythema dose of UVB, and a time course study was performed. Our study demonstrated the following: The water content, water-holding capacity and hygroscopicity decreased after UVB irradiation. They decreased roughly dependent on UVB dose. The decreased water content and water-holding capacity were noted on day 1 and persisted until day 10 to 14. In contrast, the decrease in hygroscopicity became apparent 3 days after exposure and returned to the preirradiated state on day 7. The impaired functional parameters were partially prevented by topical application of a sunscreen. These results indicate that a single exposure to UVB can damage the function of the stratum corneum.

Absorption↗