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Biomedical subjects

Y Arase

Publications and source records attributed to Y Arase.

105 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Clinical features and viral markers in patients with chronic hepatitis positive for both HBs antigen and anti-C-100 antibody].

Among 612 patients with chronic hepatitis type B, 24 patients tested positive for anti-C-100 antibody. Clinical features and viral markers of these 24 patients were studied. Anti-C-100 antibody was detected more often in patients negative for HBe antigen than those positive for this antigen (22/385 vs. 2/227 [P less than 0.01]). HCV RNA, as detected by reverse transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction, was positive in 20 of 22 patients negative for HBe antigen whereas it was detected in only one of two patients positive for HBe antigen. In a patient who seroconverted from HBe antigen to anti-HBe HCV RNA was undetectable in the HBe antigen positive phase and had become detectable after seroconversion. These data indicate that both hepatitis virus (type B and type C) can co-infect in a patient and that type C becomes active after the seroconversion from HBe antigen to anti-HBe.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of long-term group education for obese women in a public health center].

In order to improve maintenance of weight reduction, a long-term (5 month) weight reduction class for obese women consisting of repeated group learning three times a month in areas of dietary regimen and practice of physical exercise, and self-help group activities was conducted at a health center. Maintenance of achieved weight reduction was studied six months and one year after completion of the class. The results are as follows. 1) Among 30 alumni, percentages of rebound, regaining weight of more than half of reduction during the class, were 18% at six months and 48% at one year after the class. These results appear to indicate the difficulty in maintaining weight loss. 2) However, when changes were studied in terms of fat mass and lean body mass, rebound of fat mass, regaining fat mass of more than half of reduction, was very small--only 5%, through the follow-up periods--while lean body mass increased gradually. These results indicate very good maintenance of fat mass reduction, and from the view point of the objective of weight reduction which is principally fat mass reduction, this objective was supported. 3) The attendees were divided into two groups, diet group and exercise group. There were almost no differences in the follow-up results for weight maintenance between the two groups. This can be attributed to the fact that since the combination of dieting and exercise was emphasized in both groups, with moderate energy restriction and balanced food intake in the dietary regimen and aerobic walking for exercise in addition to the classroom learning, instructions for lifestyle changes were rather similar for both groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hepatoblastoma in an 82-year-old man. An autopsy case report.

An autopsy case of adult hepatoblastoma is presented. The patient was an 82-year-old male with chronic hepatitis of 7 years' duration. The liver tumor was detected 6 months before death. Autopsy revealed a large hepatic tumor occupying about 80% of the entire liver. Histologically, the tumor showed typical features of mixed epithelial- and mesenchymal-type hepatoblastoma. The epithelial component consisted of fetal and embryonal cell types. The mesenchymal component showed primitive spindle-shaped cells with various degrees of cellularity. Chondroid areas and a few foci of osteoid formation were also present.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Remission state and five-year survival after transcatheter arterial embolization therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma].

Repeated transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) therapy was done for 138 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma. Relationship was investigated between long term survival more than 3 years and tumor necrosis rate estimated on radiological images (superselective angiogram and/or computerized tomography) after therapy. Excellent tumor necrosis (radiological disappearance of viable tumor) was attained in 35 out of 138 cases through repeated TAE. When "remission" is defined as excellent tumor necrosis and normal alphafetoprotein value lasting for more than one year, remission state was attained in 17 cases (12.3%). Cumulative three-year survival rate was 37.0%, and 5-year survival was 26.5%. Out of 37 three-year-survivors, only 12 cases (32.4%) experienced remission state in their clinical course. On the other hand, 7 cases (77.7%) of 9 five-year-survivors experienced remission at least one time. Though good tumor necrosis and 3-year survival were achieved by only performing repeated TAE therapy, "remission" state was important and necessary to get 5-year survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Hepatic squamous cell carcinoma with hypercalcemia in liver cirrhosis.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver is exceedingly rare and has previously been reported in association with hepatic teratoma, hepatic cyst or hepatolithiasis. This paper describes an autopsy case of squamous cell carcinoma which developed with hypercalcemia in a cirrhotic liver. This cancer was characterized histologically, immunohistologically and ultrastructurally, and was found to exhibit immunofluorescence positivity for anti-epidermal keratin monoclonal antibody, together with the presence of tonofilaments scattered sparsely in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genotypic subtyping of hepatitis C virus.

Four subtypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV), Pt(I), K1(II), K2a(III) and K2b(IV), have been suggested based on the nucleotide sequences of the non-structural (NS) 5 region. A fifth subtype from Japanese patients, Tr(V), which shows a less than 68% homology in nucleotide sequence when compared with other subtypes has been identified. A one-step method which enables a quick determination of subtype using polymerase chain reaction with a mixed primer set deduced from the sequence of each subtype has been developed. Using this technique, the subtypes of 418 out of 478 Japanese patients (87.4%) were determined. The incidence of each subtype in Japan was as follows: K1(II), 307 (73.4%); K2a(III), 74 (17.7%); K2b(IV), 28 (6.7%); and Tr(V), 3 (0.7%). This one-step subtyping technique should be useful for studying the epidemiology or biology of the HCV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors useful in predicting the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C.

To determine how various factors influence the response to interferon (IFN) therapy, we retrospectively studied 157 consecutive Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C who received various treatment schedules of IFN. They were divided into two groups on the bases of outcome. One group was comprised of 65 patients who achieved a sustained normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels for at least 6 months after treatment, while the other group was comprised of 84 patients with persistent elevation of serum ALT levels, despite treatment. Genotyping of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genotype specific primers, analysing the variations in nucleotide sequence within the NS 5 region of the HCV genome, namely genotypes PT, K1, K2a and K2b. We then used a multivariate analysis to determine the factors related to mode of treatment, patient characteristics and HCV genotype in relation to the response to IFN therapy. Of the 16 factors analysed, the HCV genotype (genotype K2a or K2b, P < 0.0008), treatment schedule (intermittent administration following a daily schedule, designated as combined schedule, P > 0.0014) and liver histology just before treatment (chronic persistent hepatitis or mild chronic aggressive hepatitis, P < 0.0324) were the most strongly correlated with a normalizing response to IFN therapy. These results suggest that not only are the IFN treatment schedule and patient profile significant, but the properties of the virus also influences the response. However, as the IFN treatment schedule is the only changeable factor, it should be designed to maximize the benefit of IFN therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antiviral effect of lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha on hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitis type C.

To study the antiviral effect of lymphoblastoid alpha interferon (IFN) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) we conducted a randomized, controlled trial on 80 patients with chronic hepatitis C using three different doses. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with 1, 3 or 6 million units of lymphoblastoid IFN-alpha daily for 2 weeks. To assess the antiviral effect of IFN, the amount of HCV present in the serum was estimated by competitive nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) before and after 2 weeks of treatment. The multiple logistic analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with virus clearance, adjusting the imbalance in predictive factors among patients. Hepatitis C virus became negative as assessed by nested PCR after therapy in 26, 50 and 63% of patients receiving 1, 3 and 6 mega units, respectively. Hepatitis C virus was cleared more often in patients having initially low (< 10(5)/mL) amounts of virus. No significant decrease in the amount of virus was observed in the untreated, control group. Patients without bridging fibrosis in liver histology and with HCV genotypes other than K1 (type II) tended to respond well. These results indicate that lymphoblastoid IFN-alpha suppresses HCV in a dose dependent manner. Higher initial virus amounts, bridging fibrosis and genotype K1 were factors associated with poor response.

Adult↗