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Biomedical subjects

Y Araki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Araki.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Permissible arterial occlusion time in aneurysm surgery: postoperative hyperperfusion caused by temporary clipping.

The relationship between hyperperfusion and temporary clipping was evaluated to determine the safe limit for the duration of temporary clipping in aneurysm surgery. Twenty-one patients surgically treated for a ruptured aneurysm were examined using xenon-enhanced computed tomography on postoperative days 4 to 13. Eight of the 16 patients undergoing temporary clipping had focal hyperperfusion; whereas the five patients without temporary clipping had no hyperperfusion. Mean total temporary clipping time in patients with hyperperfusion was significantly longer than that in patients without (31.9 vs. 13.9 minutes, p = 0.0157) and mean maximum single temporary clipping time in patients with hyperperfusion was also significantly longer than in patients without (18.4 vs. 8.6 minutes, p = 0.0313). Moreover, cerebral infarction was related to hyperperfusion (p = 0.0027). These results support the hypothesis that temporary clipping during aneurysm surgery causes postoperative hyperperfusion and cerebral infarction. Temporary clipping may be harmful when performed for more than 20 minutes of total duration, since postoperative hyperperfusion was seen under this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Psychosomatic symptoms of Japanese working women and their need for stress management.

This study was conducted to clarify Japanese female workers' psychosomatic symptoms including women-specific complaints and their need for stress management as part of occupational health services (OHS). In 1997, a survey was conducted in which a questionnaire was sent to 1108 full-time female workers. The response rate was 92.1%. They classified their own health status excellent (26.0%), good (60.4%), fair (9.6%), or bad (1.6%). They also reported their irritability (25.3%) and depression (15.6%). There were high rates of complaints of eye discomfort (53.6%), fatigue (44.1%), headache (43.0%), and menstrual pain (32.5%). Such symptoms were associated with irritability or depression. Amount of overtime works, marital status in the 30-44 age group, the presence of children were found to be important factors in determining health status. Regarding the needs for occupational health services, 22.2% of respondents answered they needed mental health management (MHM). Compared with other services, such as management of lifestyle diseases, gynecological diseases, cancer screenings and counseling on nutrition and exercise, the need for MHM was low. The preferred personnel were female doctors and nurses. Workers who performed frequent overtime work had a greater need for MHM. The most preferred means of receiving MHM was personal counseling by doctors (not psychologists) and nurses.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

An in vitro chemosensitivity test for colorectal cancer using collagen-gel droplet embedded cultures.

This study evaluated in vitro assay for chemosensitivity test using a collagen-gel droplet embedded culture drug sensitivity test (CD-DST) for colorectal cancer. CD-DST was performed in 24 patients with Dukes B, C colorectal cancer. Primary cultures of tumor cell samples from 87.5% (21/24) patients with colorectal cancer were successful. The efficacy rates assessed by CD-DST of five anticancer drugs evaluated were: 60.4% for adriamycin, 58.9% for etoposide, 56.7% for cisplatin, 53.4% for 5-fluorouracil, for 31.1% for mitomycin C, and 9.5% for vindesine. The present study demonstrated the clinical usefulness of CD-DST in evaluating the response to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1999

Increased growth of Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium by germinated barley foodstuff, accompanied by enhanced butyrate production in healthy volunteers.

Germinated barley foodstuff (GBF) derived from the aleurone and scutellum fractions of germinated barley mainly consists of low-lignified hemicellulose and glutamine-rich protein. GBF improves the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and defecation, through the bacterial production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), especially butyrate. In this study we investigated the mechanism of production of butyrate by microflora in humans and in vitro. Daily administration of 9 g GBF for 14 successive days significantly increased fecal butyrate content. Fecal Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium were also significantly increased by GBF administration in healthy volunteers. Ten anaerobic micro-organisms selected from intestinal microflora were cultured in vitro in the medium containing GBF as a sole carbon source (GBF medium). After a 3-day incubation, 7 strains (Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei, Bacteroides ovatus, Clostridium butyricum, and Eubacterium limosum) lowered the medium pH producing SCFA. Eubacterium grown together with Bifidobacterium in GBF medium efficiently produced butyrate. On the other hand, GBF changed the intestinal microflora and increased probiotics such as Bifidobacterium in the intestinal tract. As a result, butyrate was produced by the mutual action of Eubacterium and Bifidobacterium. This butyrate is considered to enhance the proliferation of colonic epithelial cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Appearance of normal brain maturation on fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) MR images.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) MR imaging is widely accepted for brain diagnoses, though to our knowledge no description of the MR FLAIR appearance of the normal infantile brain has been published. The purpose of this study was to investigate the appearance of normal infantile brain maturation on FLAIR MR images. METHODS: FLAIR images were obtained in 52 children between the ages of 1 day and 4 years who had clinically suspected brain disease but no neurologic abnormality or growth retardation. T1- and T2-weighted images were also obtained in all the children, and these images were compared with the FLAIR sequences for the appearance of brain maturation. A grading system for the differences in signal intensity between gray and white matter on FLAIR images was introduced to make detailed profiles of maturation in each brain region, including the posterior limb of the internal capsule, the cerebellar peduncle, the frontal deep white matter, the occipital deep white matter, and the centrum semiovale. These grades were plotted against patients' ages. RESULTS: On the FLAIR images, the myelinated white matter, including the cerebellar peduncle and the posterior limb of the internal capsule, showed high signal intensity relative to gray matter at birth. Thereafter, the white matter lost signal intensity with time and showed low signal intensity at 50 weeks and beyond. The unmyelinated white matter, including the frontal deep white matter, the occipital deep white matter, and the centrum semiovale, showed low signal intensity at birth. The white matter showed high signal intensity at 20 to 30 weeks, and low signal intensity again at 100 to 160 weeks and after. CONCLUSION: The dynamics of brain myelination can be accurately delineated and evaluated on FLAIR images without other spin-echo (SE) sequences. The FLAIR appearance of infantile white matter can be divided into two phases, reflecting development of the myelination process: the first phase is similar to that seen on SE T1-weighted images and the second phase is similar to that seen on SE T2-weighted images.

Brain↗
PubMed1999

Biochemical and physiological properties of pedicellarial lectins from the toxopneustid sea urchins.

Pedicellarial lectins (SUL-I, SUL-II, and TGL-I) were purified from the toxopneustid sea urchins, Toxopneustes pileolus and Tripneustes gratilla using gel filtration chromatography, affinity chromatography, and reverse-phase HPLC. SUL-I (Nakagawa et al., 1996) and SUL-II from the large globiferous pedicellariae of T. pileolus are D-galactose-binding lectins with molecular masses of 32 kDa and 23 kDa, respectively; while TGL-I from the globiferous pedicellariae of T. gratilla is a Ca(2+)-independent heparin-binding lectin with a molecular mass of 23 kDa. SUL-I induced mitogenic stimulation on murine splenocytes but TGL-I did not. At higher dose ranges SUL-I exhibited inhibitory effects on the cells. The dual response to SUL-I was effectively inhibited by D-galactose. SUL-I enhanced norepinephrine-induced contraction of isolated rat mesenteric artery with endothelium. When endothelium was removed from the artery, acetylcholine did not relax the norepinephrine-induced contraction. In the same artery the enhancing effect of the contraction by SUL-I was abolished, suggesting that SUL-I acts on the endothelium of mesenteric artery, and may release prostanoids. The present results suggest an extracellular function for SUL-I that may have wide-ranging effects in physiological processes. The primary role of pedicellarial lectins from T. pileolus and T. gratilla might be defense against a foreign body.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1999

[A case of aminophylline hypersensitivity reaction due to ethylenediamine].

We present a case of aminophylline hypersensitivity reaction due to ethylenediamine. A thirty-year-old Japanese female admitted to our hospital to evaluate generalized urticarial reaction immediately after intravenous administration of aminophylline. Skin intradermal testing was positive with ethylenediamine. A positive intravenous test was found with aminophylline and negative with diprophylline which does not contain ethylenediamine. There are some reports of aminophylline hypersensitivity reaction and the most cases were delayed type reaction in English literatures. However, most of Japanese cases were immediate type. Acetylation is a main metabolic pathway of ethylenediamine. Most of Japanese have a rapid or intermediate acetylators on the other hand. Caucasian have a 50% likelihood of being slow acetylators. This difference suggest the different incidences of immediate and delayed reaction of aminophylline hypersensitivity reaction in Japanese and Caucasian respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Novel function of the eukaryotic polypeptide-chain releasing factor 3 (eRF3/GSPT) in the mRNA degradation pathway.

The mammalian GTP-binding protein GSPT, whose carboxy-terminal sequence is homologous to the eukaryotic elongation factor EF1alpha, binds to the polypeptide chain releasing factor eRF1 to function as eRF3 in translation termination. However, the amino-terminal domain of GSPT, which contains a prion-like sequence, is not required for the binding. Instead, the amino-terminal domain is capable of binding to the carboxy-terminal domain of polyadenylate-binding protein (PABP), whose amino terminus is associating with the poly(A) tail of mRNAs, presumably for their stabilization. Interestingly, multimerization of PABP with poly(A), which is ascribed to the action of its carboxy-terminal domain, was completely inhibited by the interaction with the amino-terminal domain of GSPT. This may facilitate shortening of the poly(A) tail of mRNAs by an RNase. Thus, GSPT/eRF3 appears to function not only as a stimulator of eRF1 in the translation termination but also as an initiator of the mRNA degradation machinery. Further physiological and cell biological approaches will be necessary to show whether our current in vitro findings on GSPT/eRF3 indeed reflect its bifunctional properties in living cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Rat zona pellucida glycoproteins: molecular cloning and characterization of the three major components.

The zona pellucida (ZP), the extracellular glycocalyx that surrounds the oocyte, is well known to mediate homologous gamete interaction. In a previous study from our laboratories, we reported the qualitative characterization of the rat ZP. The ZP in this species, like the mouse, hamster, and human, was found to contain three glycoproteins, namely rZP1, rZP2, and rZP3 (Araki et al. [1992] Biol Reprod 46:912-919). In this study, cDNAs encoding whole rat ZP major components have been isolated and characterized. A rat ovary cDNA library was screened with the mouse ZP3 and ZP2 cDNA probes, respectively. For rZP1 cDNA cloning, cDNAs generated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of 5' and 3' cDNA ends, were isolated and sequenced. The rZP3 cDNA showed 1338 bp with a coding region containing 1272 bp, that translates into 424 amino acids. The total translation of rZP3 peptide has a molecular weight of 45,820, containing six potential N-glycosylation sites and 75 Ser/Thr residues, possible O-glycosylation sites. The amino acid sequence derived from the cDNA sequence shares high sequence homologies to mouse (90%), hamster (78%), and human (65%) ZP3 (ZPC) glycoproteins, indicating that the rat and mouse ZP3 have quite a conserved amino acid sequence, including the potential glycosylation sites. The total transcript of the rZP2 was 2154 nucleotides and the largest open reading frame was 695 amino acids. This would translate into a protein of 78.4 kDa. In the case of rZP1, the cDNA clone consisted of 1960 bp, and the coding region contained 1851 bp translating into 617 amino acids. Significant homologies were observed between rZP2 and ZPA family from various mammalian species. The rZP1 also showed a sequence homology to mouse ZP1, known as a mouse orthologue of ZPB family, suggesting that the rZP2 and rZP1 are members of ZPA and ZPB families, respectively. The message distributions for each zona components were limited within the ovary and the signal was detectable in the growing oocytes. The present results will further our understanding of the structure of rat zona components and lead to a better understanding of species-specificity observed during sperm-egg interaction.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Modulation of leukocyte transendothelial migration by integrin-associated glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-anchored proteins.

Leukocyte transendothelial migration is an essential process in inflammation and the immune response. The mechanisms involved in leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, forming the first step in leukocyte extravasation, have been fairly well documented. However, subsequent steps, which include de-adhesion, coupled with locomotion, remain largely unknown. As part of our efforts to study leukocyte transendothelial migration, we previously established a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that sequentially up-regulates and down-regulates beta2 integrin-dependent adhesion of human neutrophils, as well as transendothelial migration in vitro. The molecule recognized by this mAb is a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol, (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein. This protein may prove to be a new member of the family of integrin-associated, GPI-anchored proteins, which includes urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/LPS binding protein (LBP) receptor (CD14), and Fcgamma receptor IIIB (CD16b); all of which are regulators of integrin function. The mechanisms involved in beta2 integrin regulation by this new GPI-anchored glycoprotein are discussed.

CD18 Antigens↗
PubMed1998

Laparoscopic treatment of duodenal carcinoid tumor. Wedge resection of the duodenal bulb under endoscopic control.

A 46-year-old man with epigastralgia and slight elevation of urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA) was found to have a well-demarcated carcinoid tumor in the duodenal bulb. The tumor measured 8 mm in size, and showed submucosal involvement but no metastasis to the liver and regional lymph nodes. After laparoscopic exposure and lifting of the duodenal wall around the tumor, wedge resection of the duodenal bulb including the tumor was performed successfully with a laparoscopic endostapler under direct endoscopic control. The postoperative course of the patient was uneventful. Laparoscopic wedge resection of the duodenum would be an appropriate minimally invasive treatment of selected duodenal neoplasms with special preoperative assessments and intraoperative considerations.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1998

MR imaging of meniscal tears with discoid lateral meniscus.

OBJECTIVE: To study MR findings of meniscal tears with discoid lateral menisci (DLMs) and to evaluate the incidence and accuracy of MRI compared to arthroscopical surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MR appearances of surgically proved torn discoid lateral menisci (DLM) were studied in 57 knees (40 patients). They were all performed with a 1.5T MR before surgery. MR sequences included T1- and T2* weighted images on both coronal and sagittal planes and 3D-axial images with a slice thickness of 0.7 mm. RESULT: Of 57 DLMs, there were 32 complete DLMs and 25 incomplete DLMs. Twenty-five of 32 complete DLMs had tears; including seven with intrasubstance tear, five with radial tear, five with other kinds of tears and eight with severe tears involving whole meniscus. On the other hand, 13 of 25 incomplete DLMs had tears; including two with intrasubstance tear, six with radial tear, four with other kinds of tears and one with severe tears. All DLMs were correctly diagnosed on MR images. Twenty-seven of 38 tears with DLM were correctly identified on conventional 2D MR images. This yielded 71.1% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 80.7% overall accuracy. When adding axial 3D MR images to 2D MR images, 36 of 38 tears were correctly diagnosed. A combination of both techniques yielded a sensitivity of 94.7% and a specificity of 100%. Ten of 11 radial tears with DLM were correctly identified on 3D axial images, where only three of them could be diagnosed on conventional 2D images. Eight of nine intrasubstance tears were correctly identified on 3D axial images, where six of them could be diagnosed on conventional 2D images. CONCLUSION: DLMs had a much higher incidence of meniscal tears than normally shaped lateral menisci and MR is the only modality of choice to evaluate them before surgery. Especially 3D axial MR images were quite useful in the detection of intrasubstance and radial tears often associated with DLMs.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of chewing activity in the elderly person.

In the present study, we examined the chewing performance of 70 elderly persons. Self-assessment of chewing problems and clinical classification using the modified Eichner index showed little correlation (Kappa value = 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.05-0.51). The sensitivity and specificity were 0.52 and 0.76, respectively. On the other hand, the mastication score determined by evaluation of a questionnaire on food intake and classification using the modified Eichner index showed high agreement (Kappa value = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.50-0.96). The sensitivity and specificity were 0.76 and 0.95, respectively. The mastication score showed significant correlation with other masticatory functions such as maximum biting force, occlusal contact area and the number of missing teeth (P < 0.01). These results suggest that the use of a questionnaire on food intake would be informative for epidemiological surveys of chewing activity in the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Iodine concentrations in the rat kidney measured by X-ray microanalysis. Comparison of concentrations and viscosities in the proximal tubules and renal pelvis after intravenous injections of contrast media.

PURPOSE: To measure the iodine concentrations in the proximal tubules and renal pelvis after i.v. injections of contrast media (CM) at 1600 mg I/kg b.w., using a micropuncture technique and X-ray microanalysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The correlation between the viscosity of each CM and its iodine concentration was evaluated and the viscosity of the fluid in the proximal tubule and renal pelvis was estimated in rats. RESULTS: After iotrolan injection, the iodine concentration in the proximal tubular fluid had increased to values about three times higher than those reached with diatrizoate, iohexol and ioxaglate. Similarly, iotrolan tended to produce a higher iodine concentration in the renal pelvis than did the other CM. The urine viscosity in the renal pelvis was much higher after the iotrolan injection than after the other CM injections. CONCLUSION: High urine viscosity after iotrolan injection can at least partly explain our previous findings of a prolonged increase in tubular hydrostatic pressure and a prolonged decrease in the single nephron glomerular filtration rate after administration of this CM.

Animals↗