Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Arai

Publications and source records attributed to Y Arai.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Antiulcer effect of lafutidine on indomethacin-induced gastric antral ulcers in refed rats.

Lafutidine is a new type antiulcer agent with antisecretory and gastroprotective activities. We investigated the effect of lafutidine on indomethacin-induced antral ulcer in refed rats. Subcutaneous indomethacin injection resulted in the formation of gastric antral ulcer. Lafutidine (1-10 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the area of ulcer in a dose-dependent manner when administered immediately after the indomethacin injection. Capsaicin at 3 mg/kg, p.o. and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 at 3 microg/kg, p.o. also reduced the ulcer area. Chemical deafferentation of capsaicin-sensitive neurons or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine treatment aggravated the ulcer formation and abolished the preventive effect of lafutidine and capsaicin. After the induction of gastric ulcer, lafutidine given twice daily for 2.5 days reduced the area of ulcer in a dose-dependent manner with a significant effect at 10 mg/kg, p.o., as compared with that of the control group. In chemically-deafferentated rats, lafutidine did not show any healing effect. Cimetidine (30 mg/kg, p.o.) and famotidine (1 mg/kg, p.o.) had no significant effect on indomethacin-induced antral ulcer. These results may suggest that lafutidine, unlike cimetidine and famotidine, can prevent the indomethacin-induced antral ulcer formation and accelerate the healing of the ulcer in refed rats through mechanisms involving the capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons and nitric oxide.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed1999

Correlation of a defect of portal perfusion in the dorsal part of segment IV of the liver on CT arterial portography with inflow of the aberrant pancreaticoduodenal vein.

The correlation between an aberrant pancreaticoduodenal vein and a portal perfusion defect in the dorsal part of segment IV as demonstrated on CT arterial portography (CTAP) was investigated. 14 patients with non-tumorous defects of portal perfusion in the dorsal part of segment IV of the liver parenchyma, shown on CTAP underwent CT during pancreaticoduodenal arteriography. The defect on CTAP was shown as an enhanced area resulting from non-portal venous inflow in eight (57%) of 14 patients on CT during pancreaticoduodenal arteriography. In conclusion, the non-portal venous supply via an aberrant pancreaticoduodenal vein occasionally causes a defect of portal perfusion in the dorsal part of segment IV on CT arterial portography.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt associated with a large abdominal tumour.

Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt (IPSVS) is relatively uncommon, and is usually associated with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. We present a case of IPSVS that was considered to be caused by increased blood flow from a large abdominal tumour. The characteristic intrahepatic haemodynamics were demonstrated by CT angiography.

Hepatic Veins↗
PubMed1999

Stratum corneum lipid abnormalities in UVB-irradiated skin.

Stratum corneum (SC) lipids are of particular importance in maintaining the permeability barrier function. Although many studies have demonstrated that UVB irradiation of mammalian skin reduces barrier function, the responsible alterations in SC lipid profiles are not known. In this study, we investigated both compositional and morphological alterations in SC lipids with the development of barrier abnormalities caused by daily UVB irradiation in hairless rat skin. The UVB irradiation of suberythemal doses (0.5 minimal erythema dose) significantly increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) relative to nonirradiated control, indicating a diminished barrier function. Under these conditions, the total amounts of major SC lipid species (ceramides, cholesterol, free fatty acids) in UVB-irradiated SC did not differ from those in nonirradiated SC. However, electron microscopic observations revealed marked abnormalities in the intercellular domains of UVB-irradiated SC, where naturally occurring intercellular multilamellar structures were often absent and leaving the area with the appearance of an empty space. Moreover, in UVB-irradiated SC, individual corneocytes often showed small amounts of intercellular deposition product with abnormal lamellar structure, where lamellar body sphingomyelinase activity was present. These observations demonstrated a partial failure of lamellar body secretion in UVB-irradiated SC and suggested that a defect in the secretion of lamellar body-derived lipids and enzymes to SC intercellular space is, at least in part, responsible for the observed abnormal intercellular structure and barrier disruption.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The cause of nontumorous defects of portal perfusion in the hepatic hilum revealed by CT during arterial portography.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the cause of nontumorous defects of portal perfusion in the hepatic hilum revealed by CT during arterial portography (CTAP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty patients who simultaneously underwent CTAP and CT during hepatic arteriography of the common hepatic artery formed the basis of our study. The frequency, site, and shape of nontumorous defects of portal perfusion in the hepatic hilum on CTAP and the findings on CT during hepatic arteriography were determined. In 13 patients in whom nontumorous portal perfusion defects were observed on CTAP, CT was performed during selective angiography via the gastric artery, pancreaticoduodenal artery, or both. RESULTS: Nontumorous defects of portal perfusion were detected in 49 regions in 33 of the 160 patients (dorsum of segment IV, n = 30; dorsum of the lateral segment, n = 11; segment I, n = 8). Of the 33 patients, 16 had two defects each. Of the 49 nontumorous defects of portal perfusion, 38 showed enhancement on CT during hepatic arteriography. In the 13 patients who underwent CT during selective arteriography, enhancement due to nonportal venous inflow was seen in 16 of the 19 areas of decreased nontumorous portal perfusion (dorsum of segment IV, nine of 11; dorsum of the lateral segment, four of five; segment I, three of three). CONCLUSION: The main cause of nontumorous defects of portal perfusion in the hepatic hilum revealed by CTAP is decreased portal inflow due to nonportal supply via the parabiliary venous system. Thus, such lesions were also enhanced at a high frequency on CT during hepatic arteriography.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Development of X-ray TV M-mode and reconstructed ultrasound M-mode methods for investigating tongue movement during swallowing in humans.

There were two purposes of this study. The first purpose was to introduce the "X-ray TV M-mode waveform" which is reconstructed from sequential X-ray TV images and the "reconstructed ultrasound M-mode waveform" which is delivered from ultrasound B-mode images. The second purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of these two types of waveforms in the investigation of tongue movement during swallowing. The instrument system employed in this study consisted of ultrasound and X-ray TV synchronized by a time marker. After the X-ray images and ultrasound B-mode images were recorded on an optical disk, X-ray TV M-mode waveform and ultrasound M-mode waveform were reconstructed using an MC 68030/OS-9 computer. No significant differences in quality of images were observed between the X-ray TV M-mode waveform and the reconstructed ultrasound M-mode waveform. Therefore, both waveforms of the X-ray TV M-mode and the reconstructed ultrasound M-mode are equally useful in measuring tongue movement.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Olanzapine treatment after clozapine-induced granulocytopenia in 3 patients.

BACKGROUND: How to best treat psychotic patients who have had past clozapine-induced agranulocytosis or granulocytopenia remains a problem. CASE REPORTS: We report 3 patients with chronic schizophrenia who had previously stopped clozapine due to hematologic side effects. The patients evidenced improvement with olanzapine that equated to 16- to 31-point decreases in rating scale scores during 1-year follow-up without any hematologic abnormalities. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that olanzapine may be useful in treating patients with clozapine-induced granulocytopenia without the risk of recurrence of hematologic side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[A case of submucosal endosalpingiosis in the urinary bladder].

A 47-year-old woman was admitted when a mass in the urinary bladder was pointed out on ultrasound follow-up after hysterectomy for uterine myoma. Cystoscopy, ultrasonography, CT scan and MRI suggested a tumor in the muscle layers of the urinary bladder. Since the possibility of malignancy could not be ruled out, partial cystectomy was performed. The tumor was diagnosed as endosalpingiosis, a subclassification of mullerianosis histologically. The concept of endosalpingiosis has appeared recently and only 3 cases have been reported none of who had severe symptoms. Our case is the forth in the world. One of these cases had been treated with hormonal therapy as endometriosis, with no effect. Therefore, surgery is recommended as the first treatment of choice.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1999

Frigen II improves the reliability of measurement of interleukin-1 related substances in amniotic fluid.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the role of interleukin-1 related substances in amniotic fluid in normal term labor without intrauterine infection. METHODS: Amniotic fluid samples were collected from forty-one patients with various backgrounds. A novel pre-assay treatment using Frigen II was introduced to improve the recovery rates of cytokines, i.e., interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, prior to ELISA assay. Urine samples from newborn infants were also tested. RESULTS: The concentrations of interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-1ra were significantly higher in samples from normal vaginal delivery. The higher levels of interleukin-1alpha were also observed in samples from preterm labor without infection. Preterm infants produced more of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in urine compared with term infants. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of the possible involvement of interleukin-1 related substances in labor without signs of infection. The data from newborn urine suggests that amniotic interleukin-1ra originates from the fetus. However, amniotic fluid interleukin-1alpha and interleukin-1beta may be derived from maternal tissue, such as decidua.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1999

[Evaluation of the results of the combined maze procedure for chronic atrial fibrillation with organic heart disease].

To examine the surgical indications and the results of the maze procedure, we reviewed 30 cases who underwent the maze procedure concomitantly with other open heart surgery from October 1995 to October 1997.: the average age was 60.9 years (37 to 75 years) and mean follow up period was 12.3 months (1 to 25 months). The modified maze procedure described by Kosakai and associates was applied in all patients. Twenty one patients (72.4%) regained atrial rhythm and eight patients (27.6%) sustained atrial fibrillation in the follow up periods. The left atrial diameter measured by echocardiography and cardiothoracic ratio were significantly larger in the latter group of patients, compared with those who recovered normal sinus rhythm (63.8 +/- 19.5 versus 51.2 +/- 7.8 mm and 67.7 +/- 8.1 versus 59.2 +/- 5.4%). In order to perform the combined maze procedure, cardiac arrest time and cardiopulmonary bypass time were extended for 56.9 minutes and 65.9 minutes, respectively, compared with the cases without a maze procedure. Four patients (brady atrial fibrillation 2, brady junctional rhythm 1, and complete AV block 1) required permanent pacemaker implantation. There was no operative death, but one patient who underwent the maze procedure and AVR + MAP + TAP died after 4 months due to pulmonary infection, sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction. This patient had shown low output syndrome for 3 days postoperatively. Having considered the data that the preoperative ejection fraction was 51%, cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac arrest time were 200 min and 165 min respectively, occurrence of low cardiac output had been influenced by prolonged aortic cross-clamp. No late deaths have been observed in follow up period. In conclusion, maze procedure should not be performed in patients who have enlarged left atrium or complex cases requiring relatively longer operative time.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[A case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis complicated with ileus and ascites collection].

A 30-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of ileus and ascites. Laboratory data on admission demonstrated marked eosinophilia (42.5% of WBC) but negative CRP-value. Abdominal CT showed marked ascites and diffuse thickening of intestinal walls. Ascites examination revealed eosinophilic ascites. The level of IL-5 both in the serum and in the ascites were also high. No evidence of eosinophilic infiltration was noted both gastric and colonic mucosal biopsy specimens. Oral prednisolone treatment (50 mg/day) was effective for her. We diagnosed her as a case of sub-serosal type eosinophilic gastroenteritis. It is essential to obtain eosinophilic ascites for correct diagnosis of the disease. And it is possible that serum and ascites IL-5 value would be reliable indicator of the activity of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Guillain-Barré syndrome with cerebellar symptoms and elevated serum anti-GD1b IgG antibody].

We reported a 46-year-old woman with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) after suffering from common cold. She also had cerebellar symptoms; ataxic speech, poor finger-nose and heel-knee tests, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesis, poor one foot standing, positive Mann's test, ataxic gait, and poor tandem gait without Romberg's sign, and sensory disturbance. We ruled out other diseases with cerebellar symptoms; for example, Wernicke encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, cerebellar vascular disease and encephalitis in the brain stem and cerebellum. Anti-GD1bIgG antibody was elevated in her serum in the acute phase. She was treated with immuno-adsorption therapy (TR-350) in the acute phase. The antibody titer decreased with clinical improvement after immuno-adsorption therapy. The involvement of the anti-GD1bIgG antibody in the pathogenetic mechanism of peripheral neuropathy and cerebellar symptoms was suggested.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1999

Control of delivered gene expression in chondrocytes using heat shock protein 70B promoter.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the expressions of delivered Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (LacZ) gene and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) gene are regulated by the stress response of human chondrocyte-like cells (HCS-2/8) when heat shock protein 70B (HSP70B) promoter is inserted into the adenovirus vector. METHODS: Two adenovirus vectors that contain either LacZ gene or TGF-beta1 gene regulated by HSP70B promoter were constructed. One of the adenovirus vectors was added to the culture of HCS-2/8 and gene transduced cells were produced. We applied heat stress (43 degrees C) to the transduced cells for 2 h and examined whether the expression of transduced LacZ and TGF-beta1 genes is affected by the stress, using 5 bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal) staining, measurement of beta-galactosidase activity, Northern blotting, and ELISA. RESULTS: The percentage of X-gal positive stained cells in LacZ gene-delivered cells with heat stress was significantly higher than in controls (no heat stress). With heat stress, beta-galactosidase activity increased significantly, and the band of exogenous TGF-beta1 mRNA became more apparent and the expression was maintained during the 24 h monitoring period. TGF-beta1 level in culture supernatant of TGF-beta1 gene-delivered cells with heat stress (5477.3+/-321.1 pg/ml) was significantly higher than in the controls (853.2+/-29.2 pg/ml). CONCLUSION: HSP70B promoter could regulate the expression of delivered genes according to the intensity of heat stress.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1999

11p15 translocations involving the NUP98 gene in childhood therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome.

In a survey of childhood therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (t-AML/MDS) in Japan, we found 11p15 translocations in 5 (6%) of 81 children with t-AML/MDS. t(11;17)(p15;q21), t(11;12)(p15;q13), t(7;11)(p15;p15), inv(11)(p15q22), and add(11)(p15) were each found in one patient. Southern blotting and/or RT-PCR analyses revealed rearrangements of the NUP98 gene in tumor samples of all five patients. Rearrangements of DDX10 were detected in t-AML/MDS cells with inv(11), and rearrangements of HOXA9 were detected in t-AML cells with t(7;11). The 17q21 breakpoint of t(11;17) and the 12q13 breakpoint of t(11;12)(p15;q13) coincided with the loci of the HOXB and HOXC gene families, respectively. Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that one of the HOXB genes and one of the HOXC genes were fused to NUP98 by t(11;17) and t(11;12), respectively, in t-AML/MDS cells. We propose that NUP98 may be a target gene for t-AML/MDS, and that t-AML/MDS with a fusion of NUP98 and HOX or DDX10 genes may be more frequent in children than in patients of other age groups.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Long-term patency rate of right internal thoracic artery bypass via the transverse sinus.

BACKGROUND: Although concern regarding patency and possible compromise of graft blood flow by routing the right internal thoracic artery (RITA) through the transverse sinus has been raised, little is known about long-term patency. METHODS AND RESULTS: To evaluate long-term patency of in situ RITA bypass via the transverse sinus, our first 115 patients (94 men, 21 women; mean age, 62.5 years; range, 13 to 77 years) who were alive in 1998 were enrolled for angiographic study. Only good-caliber grafts with no occlusion, string sign, or significant stenosis were considered patent. Early postoperative angiography had been performed 2 to 3 weeks after surgery in 114 patients. The early patency rates were 97.1% for RITA and 95.4% for left internal thoracic artery (LITA) grafts. Of 109 long-term survivors, 73 (67.0%) consented to have late angiographic restudy at a mean of 59 months (range, 9 to 93 months); 89.9% of RITA and 92.3% of LITA grafts were patent. Cumulative patency rates (actuarial curves) at 6 years were 89.3% (95% CI, 85% to 94%) for RITA and 94.5% (95% CI, 92% to 97%) for LITA, the differences not reaching statistical significance (multivariate Cox analysis). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated good long-term patency of in situ RITA bypass grafting via the transverse sinus for revascularization of the circumflex and diagonal arteries and supports its continued use.

Adolescent↗