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Biomedical subjects

Y Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Aoki.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Early form of ovarian cancer originating in inclusion cysts. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Most surface epithelial-stromal tumors of the ovary are thought to arise from epithelial inclusion cysts; thus, those cysts and the original surface epithelium are precursor lesions of ovarian carcinoma. CASE: A 46-year-old woman underwent a hysterectomy, right salpingo-oophorectomy and wedge biopsy of the left ovary because of a uterine myoma and right dermoid cyst. Histologic examination incidentally showed a tiny focus of well-differentiated serous carcinoma originating in inclusion cysts in the biopsied left ovary. Relaparotomy was performed, and only metaplastic epithelium in the inclusion cysts was found in the remnant of the left ovary. This finding was thought to be the origin of an ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION: Carcinoma precursors should occur in epithelial inclusion cysts of the ovary, as in the cervix and endometrium, but have been reported only rarely. Their incidental finding may help identify patients at risk of developing ovarian carcinoma.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2000

Enantioresolution of aliphatic alcohols by lithocholamide.

Lithocholamide (LCAM) forms inclusion compounds with aliphatic alcohols involving over five carbon atoms. Enantioresolution of the racemic alcohols was studied in channels of the inclusion compounds. X-ray crystallographic study clarified that host assemblies exhibit guest-dependent polymorphism. In each polymorphic crystal, the more longer or bulkier groups the alcohols have, the effective the resolutions become. The inclusion spaces were analyzed by a computed tomographic method, explaining the chiral recognition mechanism from a stereochemical viewpoint.

Alcohols↗
PubMed2000

[Infections with drug resistant bacteria and their treatment methods--MRSA infections].

MRSA infection is difficult to treat because of the pathogenecity of causative strains and their resistance to many kinds of antibiotics not all strains of MRSA are pathogenic agents and indications for antibiotic use should be determined strictly. Although several antibiotics show bactericidal activity against MRSA, they are not effective in all patients infected with MRSA. We should select the best drug according to the characteristics of the respective drugs in each patient and search for a better regimen to treat severely infected cases.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed2000

[Continuous intravesical instillation of epirubicin immediately after transurethral resection of superficial bladder cancer: a prospective controlled study].

Between November 1994 and July 1996, 45 patients with superficial bladder tumor were assigned to two groups before transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Twenty-one of the 45 patients were instilled with 20 mg epirubicin before endoscopic resection then continuously irrigated with 40 micrograms/ml epirubicin solution for 20 hours immediately after surgery; 24 of the 45 patients received continuous irrigation with saline in the same manner. The patients were assessed by cystoscopy and urinary cytology every 3 months during the first 2 years and every 6 months thereafter. One year recurrence-free rates in the treated and control groups were 56% and 32%, respectively. The recurrence-free period tended to be longer in the treated group than in the control group, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.17). One year recurrence-free rates in the treated and control groups for the patients with solitary tumor were 88% and 48%, respectively, the difference being marginally significant (p = 0.06). These results suggested that continuous bladder irrigation with epirubicin was effective for patients with a single tumor. Therefore, the long-term prophylactic therapy for a single tumor was an overtreatment. Prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer was proposed to be stratified by the number of tumors, single or multiple.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed2000

[A case of bladder hemangioma showing bladder tamponade during late pregnancy].

We report a case of bladder hemangioma manifesting bladder tamponade during pregnancy. A 25-year-old woman at 36 weeks of gestation was admitted with a two-week history of gross hematuria and clot retention. Blood hemoglobin concentration was 6.3 g/dl. After blood transfusion and Caesarian section, cystoscopy was performed. Bleeding was noticed from a strawberry-like tumor 5 mm in diameter near the right ureteral orifice, which was easily resected endoscopically. Histopathological diagnosis was cavernous hemangioma of the urinary bladder. This is the first report of a case of bladder hemangioma during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Impact of interventional therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia on quality of life and sexual function: a prospective study.

PURPOSE: Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), including minimally invasive therapy, can impair the quality of life. We prospectively determined the impact of 4 different interventional therapies on quality of life and sexual function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 173 patients were prospectively evaluated between February 1995 and August 1997. Treatment modalities consisted of standard transurethral resection of the prostate in 55 cases, transurethral microwave thermotherapy in 34, interstitial laser coagulation of the prostate in 42 and transurethral needle ablation in 42. Disease specific quality of life was assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life assessment index and BPH impact index. In addition, a self-reporting questionnaire was completed before and 3 months after treatment to determine the impact on sexual function. RESULTS: All 4 treatment groups showed significant improvement in the symptom score, International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life assessment score and BPH impact index score. Satisfaction with treatment was highest in patients treated with transurethral resection or laser coagulation. A mild to moderate decrease in erectile function was noted in 26.5%, 18.2%, 18.4% and 20.0% of the transurethral resection, microwave thermotherapy, laser coagulation and needle ablation groups, respectively, but there was no significant difference of mean pretreatment and posttreatment erectile function or libido scores in any group. Ejaculation loss or severe decrease in ejaculate volume was reported by 48.6%, 28.1%, 21.6% and 24.3% of the patients, respectively. Interestingly, 20 of the 44 patients (45. 5%) with loss of ejaculation or severe decrease in ejaculate reported deterioration of the sex life, while only 2 (3.6%) of the 56 without any change in ejaculate volume reported such deterioration. The association of ejaculatory dysfunction with an adverse impact on sexual activity was highly significant (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Significant improvement in quality of life could be achieved with the present assessed interventional therapies. There was no significant change in sexual desire or erectile function with these therapies. Posttreatment sexual dysfunction appears to be mainly related to impaired ejaculatory function. Urologists should provide proper counseling regarding the possibility of this complication even in patients receiving minimally invasive treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Application of Q.E.D. and Alco-Screen test kits to measurements of ethanol in forensic samples].

We have investigated the applicability of the Q.E.D. (Quantitative Ethanol Detector) and Aloco-Screen test kits for screening ethanol concentrations in forensic samples, such as hemolyzed/decomposed blood, urine and vitreous humor. Because both kits were based on enzymatic color reactions, direct application of the kits to hemoglobin-rich samples gave unsatisfactory results. The deproteinization of blood with trichloroacetic acid followed by membrane filtration overcame such problem. This procedure was also effective for pretreatment of urine and vitreous humor samples to suppress excessive color development in the Alco-Screen test. The ethanol concentrations in whole blood (n = 29), urine (n = 7) and vitreous humor (n = 6) samples determined by the Q.E.D. kit correlated well with those determined by gas chromatography; the correlation coefficients were 0.986, 0.975 and 0.993, respectively. Because of its high specificity and sensitivity to ethanol, Q.E.D. seems to be highly reliable for quantitative estimation of ethanol concentrations in forensic samples. Alco-Screen also had high sensitivity, the specificity to ethanol was relatively low; the color reaction was also observed in the presence of acetone, n-propanol, toluene, methanol, ethylene glycol, methamphetamine, diazepam and dichrovos. Therefore, if forensic samples are analyzed by the Alco-Screen, it is essential to confirm the positive results using other analytical methods.

Ethanol↗
PubMed2000

[Factors related to the slowdown in the reduction of the tuberculosis incidence rate in Osaka City--structure of the high incidence rate of tuberculosis in Osaka City analyzed by administrative-ward group, five-year period and age group].

The tuberculosis incidence rate in Osaka City is the highest in Japan. We analyzed the incidence rate in Osaka City in five-year period from 1978 to 1997, namely, 1978-1982 (period I), 1983-1987 (period II), 1988-1992 (period III), and 1993-1997 (period IV). Until the first half of 1980, the tuberculosis incidence rate in Osaka City had been dropping every year, but the rate of decline has been slowed substantially or even stopped since 1983. The incidence rate ratio of Osaka City compared with the national rate was 2.0 to 2.3 from 1970 to 1975, but it has been increasing from 1983 and is now higher than 3. We divided 24 wards of Osaka City into five groups based on selected employment indicators of population 15 years of age and over of 1995 National Census. Group A consists of two wards characterized by extremely high unemployment rate, Group B of four wards by high unemployment rate and high rate of manufacturing workers, Group C of six wards by high rate of non-manufacturing workers (tertiary industry workers), Group D of five wards by high rate of manufacturing workers, and Group E of seven wards by residential areas. The incidence rate of Group A had been declining during periods I and II but started to rise after period III. The rates of Group B and C had been declining from period I to II but the decline slowed down substantially even for every age class in periods III and IV. The incidence rates of Groups D and E have been falling. The incidence rate of the 50-69 year-old age group has been increasing substantially. The proportion of newly registered patients in Group A to all patients of Osaka City increased from 25.2% in period I to 32.7% in period IV. The number of newly registered patients of the 40-69 age class in Group A accounted for 45.1% of that in Osaka City in period IV. The slowdown in the reduction of the tuberculosis incidence rate has occurred not in all, but in only a few wards and it is a typical phenomenon of the middle-aged in those wards. It would be worth investigating whether a substantial decline in the tuberculosis incidence rate in Osaka City cannot be achieved by means of uniform control measures for all wards. Intensified tuberculosis control measures should focus on patients in specific wards and age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Selective stimulation of G-CSF gene expression in macrophages by a stimulatory monoclonal antibody as detected by a luciferase reporter gene assay.

We have identified a stimulatory monoclonal antibody (mAb) from autoimmune mice that selectively stimulates granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) gene expression in a mouse macrophage cell line. The induction was observed not only in the cell line, but also in normal peritoneal macrophages. This mAb bound to the monocyte/macrophage cell lines and pre-B leukemia cell lines, but also in normal peritoneal macrophages, whereas it did not bind to normal T and B cells in the spleen or fibroblastic cell lines. It could even bind to a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, when they were differentiated into monocytic cells. On Western blotting, this mAb mainly recognized an approximately 30-kDa band and it was unique because there have been no reports of membrane-associated proteins with a similar molecular mass found in macrophages. These results suggest that there could be a specific gateway molecule to induce G-CSF in macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Effects of dioxins on protein kinases and disruption of signal transduction pathways].

Dioxins(polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and related compounds, e.g. polychlorinated dibenzofurans and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls) has been recognized as endocrine disruptors. Typical endocrine disrupting effects on human of dioxins were shown in 'Yusho' disease(mass PCB poisoning in Japan and Taiwan) patients. A major symptom was chloracne-like lesion on skin, indicating that growth on keratinocytes was stimulated by dioxins. In case of in utero exposure, the body weights of children were lowered, and in some case children had poorer cognitive development in Taiwan episode. Dioxins stimulate the expression of genes(e.g. cytochrome P450 1A1 and related drug metabolizing enzymes) via a ligand dependent transactivating factor, arylhydrocarbon receptor(Ah-R). Besides gene expression of drug metabolizing enzyme, down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor has been observed in tissue and cultured cells by exposure to TCDD. Alternative pathways for gene expression such as cross-talk between epidermal growth factor/MAP kinase pathway and Ah-R pathway are reviewed with respect to understanding the endocrine disrupting activity of dioxins.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Identification of heterologous translocation partner genes fused to the BCL6 gene in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: 5'-RACE and LA - PCR analyses of biopsy samples.

In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) for BCL6 translocation, we identified translocational partner genes by subjecting clinical biopsy samples from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE). Sequence analysis of the 5'-RACE product revealed that the BCL6 gene was fused to the J segment of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene in about half of the cases, but in the other half, it was fused to heterologous partners, including the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA), pim-1, eukaryotic initiation factor 4AII (eif4AII), transferrin receptor (TFRR) and ikaros genes. Since analyses using genomic long and accurate (LA) - PCR revealed that the breakpoints in the partner gene were confined to the first intron or the second exon in all cases, the promoter and the first exon of the BCL6 gene were replaced by the promoter and the first or both the first and second exon of the partner gene. The breakpoint flanking sequences had no recombination signal sequences (RSSs) or chi sequences and were homologous with the switch region only when the BCL6 gene was fused to the IgH gene, suggesting that BCL6 translocation cannot be explained solely by mistakes of V(D)J, or chi-mediated or class-switch recombination, but rather another mechanism may also be required to explain the molecular mechanism for the promiscuous BCL6 translocation.

5' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed1999

Role of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-infected primary effusion lymphomas.

Primary effusion lymphomas (PELs), which are rare lymphomas associated with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (or human herpesvirus-8) infection, present as malignant lymphomatous effusions in body cavities. Because PELs prefer liquid growth, we hypothesized that increased vascular permeability would be required for effusions to form. We found that the PEL cell lines BC-1, BCP-1, and BCBL-1 produce high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of RNA from the PEL cell lines amplified the 3 VEGF-secreted isoforms: VEGF/VPF(121), VEGF/VPF(145), and VEGF/VPF(165). Two of the PEL cell lines expressed the VEGF/VPF receptor Flt-1, but VEGF/VPF did not stimulate proliferation in these cells. Most (13/14) control SCID/beige mice inoculated intraperitoneally with BCBL-1 cells and subsequently observed or treated with control antibodies developed effusion lymphoma of human cell origin with prominent bloody ascites. In contrast, none (0/9) of the mice treated with a neutralizing antihuman VEGF/VPF antibody developed ascites and effusion lymphoma. These results demonstrate that VEGF/VPF is critical to BCBL-1 growth as effusion lymphoma in mice and suggest that VEGF/VPF stimulation of vascular permeability may be critical to the pathogenesis of PELs.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Imaging magma transport during the 1997 seismic swarm off the izu peninsula, japan

The spatio-temporal evolution of a propagating magma-filled crack was estimated from inversion of Global Positioning System (GPS) data, tiltmeters, and leveling. The dike opened at a maximum rate of 50 millimeters per day and had a peak magma flux of 2 x 10(6) cubic meters per day. Although the spatial resolution was limited, slow upward propagation was resolved during the 9-day-long intrusion. In contrast, the earthquakes migrated rapidly upward during the first 12 hours of the swarm, and nearly all of the seismic energy was released in the first 2 days. Comparison of inversion results with accurate hypocenter locations will lead to improved understanding of magma transport through the brittle crust and of the causes of volcanic seismicity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Involvement of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and viral IL-6 in the spontaneous growth of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus-associated infected primary effusion lymphoma cells.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a distinct type of lymphoma associated with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. To determine the factors responsible for the unrestrained proliferation of PEL, we have studied the growth factor requirements of the PEL-derived BCBL-1 and BC-1 cell lines. Both cell lines were found to be autocrine growth factor dependent and to release human interleukin-6 (IL-6), viral IL-6 (vIL-6), and human IL-10 in the culture supernatant. To establish whether these cytokines contribute to autocrine growth, neutralizing antibodies against human IL-6, vIL-6, human IL-10, and soluble IL-10 receptor were used. These experiments showed that human IL-10 and, to a lesser degree, vIL-6 serve as autocrine growth factors for BCBL-1 and BC-1 cells. Thus, human IL-10 and vIL-6 are growth factors released and used by PEL cells for autonomous proliferation and may be critical to the development and progression of PEL.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗