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Biomedical subjects

Y Ando

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ando.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cerebral palsy in Tottori, Japan. Benefits and risks of progress in perinatal medicine.

From the changing incidence of cerebral palsy (CP) in the Tottori joint study, the absolute number of saved non-CP babies in the period 1955-1984 in the whole of Japan was calculated as about 33,000. The significant decrease of the incidence in the period 1955-1980 was mainly related to the advances made in perinatal medicine. In contrast, the recent reincrease is attributable to low-birth-weight CP. As for the risk factors for quadriplegia or double hemiplegia of CP, maternal toxemia, low Apgar scores and neonatal abnormal signs were important. Diplegia and paraplegia were significantly correlated with low birth weight. Among the babies weighing below 2,000 g, there was a more than 40-fold increased risk of CP compared with that in the general population. As for the risk for low-birth-weight diplegic CP, the number of abnormal signs in the neonatal period is correlated with the brain damage. The next step in preventing perinatal brain damage might be to give more attention to fetal deprivation and to well-balanced and sensible neonatal care of risk babies.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1989

[Flow cytometric DNA analysis in colorectal cancer].

Flow cytometric DNA analysis for assessing malignant potential of colorectal carcinoma was investigated by paraffin-embedded materials. Preservation time of paraffin blocks and formalin fixation time of surgical specimens within 14 days do not influence the nuclear DNA content. There was seen a good correlation between the DNA contents of paraffin-embedded and fresh materials obtained from the same surgical specimens. Using deparaffinized tumor specimens, the nuclear DNA content was measured by flow cytometry in 144 patients with primary colorectal cancer, who had been treated from 1971 to 1985. Forty-four percent of colorectal cancer were diploid and 56% were aneuploid. There was no significant correlation between ploidy pattern and clinicopathological factors. However, the patients with aneuploid tumor had a significantly worse survival than those with diploid tumor (Generalized Wilcoxon test, p less than 0.001). The patients with aneuploid seemed to have an unfavorable survival than those with diploid in the same stage, and had a significantly worse survival in each group of negative nodes, P0 and H0. It is concluded, therefore, that the nuclear DNA content of colorectal cancer may be an important prognostic factor, being independent of pathological stage.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1989

[Membrane glycoproteins of human platelets: structures, functions, and abnormalities in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome].

Platelet membrane glycoproteins, especially those of GP II b-III a complex and GP Ib-IX complex, serve as receptors for adhesive proteins including fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor and fibronectin, thus supporting cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Thrombasthenia (TA) and Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) are inherited bleeding disorders in which these membrane glycoprotein complexes are defective. This paper deals with the recent advances in platelet membrane glycoprotein research, and the membrane glycoprotein abnormalities in TA and BSS platelets, which have been disclosed by the development of improved methods of analysis. Furthermore, a case of TA is reported in which flow cytometry using murine monoclonal antibody revealed 18% of the normal level of GP II b-III a complexes in her platelets. The platelets of this patient aggregated well by the addition of high concentrations of collagen (40 micrograms/ml). The results of this patient show the necessity of new criteria for the diagnosis of TA based on the quantification of the residual contents of GP II b-III a complexes in platelets in each patient.

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Plaque accumulation (S. mutans) in various dental restorative materials and fluoro-resins (in vitro)].

The quantities of in vitro accumulated plaque (S. mutans), cultured in 5% sucrose BHI broth, to the surface of PMMA, Co-Cr alloy, porcelain, PTFE, PCTFE, Composite PCTFE, and detachment time as an indicator of plaque retaining capacity, were measured. The former increased with the increase in surface roughness on all materials, except for the Co-Cr alloy, and with contact angles, which suggests that hydrophobic interaction may play an important role for formation of plaque on materials. By contrast, the quantities of accumulated plaque, cultured in 5% sucrose BHI broth containing synthetic saliva constituents, to the surface of various materials, also increased with the increase in surface roughness, but decreased with values of contact angles, which suggest that the effect of hydrophobic interaction on forming plaque to materials seems to be weakened by constituents of synthetic saliva.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1989

[Usefulness of ultrasonography and transcranial Doppler flowmetry in evaluation of infantile bacterial meningitis].

A 40-day-old girl with B-group streptococcal meningitis was examined with ultrasonography (US) and transcranial Doppler flowmeter. Transfontanelle US with a 7.5 MHz probe showed a dilatation of the extracerebral space (ECS). The flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery increased remarkably in the acute phase, and thereafter returned to normal. The superficial arterial velocity on the left side could not be recorded in the period of fluid collection in the left ECS. These two methods are useful procedures in the evaluation of infantile bacterial meningitis and its complications.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil in the field of pediatrics].

Laboratory and clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil(cefteram) a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates of cefteram (CFTM) were determined upon oral administration after meal of cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) at doses of 3 mg/kg granules in 2 cases and 6 mg/kg granules in 2. Peak serum levels of CFTM were obtained at 3 hours in 2 cases and 4 hours in 2 cases after administration of the drug with a range of 0.74-2.2 micrograms/ml with half-lives of 0.77-3.62 hours. Urinary recovery rates in 8 hours after administration ranged from 9.6-23.0%. 2. MICs of CFTM against 22 clinical isolates (Streptococcus pyogenes 4 strains, Streptococcus pneumoniae 4, Staphylococcus aureus 2, Branhamella catarrhalis 1, Haemophilus influenzae 8, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 1, and Escherichia coli 2) were compared with those of cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), and ampicillin (ABPC). The antibacterial activity of CFTM was superior to those of CCL and CEX, and was superior against Gram-negative rods and equal against Gram-positive cocci to those of ABPC. 3. Twenty-six pediatric patients with acute infectious diseases (scarlet fever 3 cases, tonsillitis 7, epiglottitis 1, bronchitis 5, pneumonia 5, urinary tract infection 3, cervical lymphadenitis 2) were treated with CFTM-PI at daily doses of 9.3-15.3 mg/kg t.i.d. as a rule. The efficacy rates were 100% clinically and 70% bacteriologically. 4. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test values were not observed except for an increased platelet count in 1 case.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

[DNA analysis by flow cytometry in breast carcinoma].

Using deparaffinized tumor specimens, a flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed in 63 primary breast cancers from patients who were treated from 1976 through 1982. Fourty-three percent of the cases were found to be aneuploid, and 57% were diploid. No trend to increased aneuploid proportion with a more advanced disease was noted. There was no correlation between the level of ploidy and the clinicopathological factors. Aneuploid tumors seem to have a poorer survival, but no significant difference was found between the two patterns of ploidy. Patients with a low S-phase fraction (SPF) had a significantly longer survival than those with a high SPF. A DNA analysis of the tumor cells in breast cancer is felt to be use for a prognostic evaluation.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1988

Synthesis of acylated SOD derivatives which bind to the biomembrane lipid surface and dismutate extracellular superoxide radicals.

Involvement of oxygen radicals in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases has been the focus of recent attention. Since lipid peroxidation of cell membranes is postulated to be one of the major reasons for radical-induced tissue injury, inhibition of oxygen toxicity at or near plasma membranes is important. To metabolize extracellular superoxide radicals effectively at or near cell membranes, we synthesized amphipathic superoxide dismutase (SOD) derivatives (AC-SOD) by covalently linking hydrophobic fatty acids with different chain lengths, such as caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid and myristic acid, to the lysyl amino groups of the enzyme. When incubated with erythrocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), AC-SOD, but not SOD, bound to plasma membranes of these cells. When topically instilled to the eye, AC-SOD also bound to corneal epithelial cell surface. Upon activation by phorbolmyristyl acetate, extracellular cytochrome c was rapidly reduced by PMNs which were pretreated with SOD. In contrast, PMNs preincubated with AC-SOD failed to catalyze the reduction of cytochrome c under the same experimental conditions. These results suggested that AC-SOD bound to cell membranes and effectively dismutated superoxide radicals at or on the outer surface of plasma membranes.

Acylation↗
PubMed1988

Importance of fibrinogen and platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in shear-induced platelet aggregation.

The mechanism of shear-induced platelet aggregation was investigated using a polycarbonate cone and plate viscometer. After exposed to shear stress of 54-90 dyne/cm2 for 2 min. at 37 degrees C, platelets aggregated without a significant amount of serotonin release and lactic dehydrogenase leakage from platelets. Under this conditions, platelets from 2 patients with thrombasthenia and a patient with congenital afibrinogenemia failed to aggregate. When fibrinogen was added to platelet rich plasma from a patient with afibrinogenemia, shear-induced platelet aggregation occurred at the same extent of aggregation as observed in normal platelets. Shear-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by monoclonal antibody to GPIIb/IIIa (1 microgram/ml) and synthetic peptide, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) (1 mM). Apyrase and hirudin showed no effect on this aggregation. Indomethacin (100 microM) and thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor, OKY-046 (100 microM) markedly inhibited aggregation, while thromboxane A2 competitive inhibitor, ONO-3708 (100 microM) exhibited only partial inhibition. These results indicate that fibrinogen and GPIIb/IIIa are important for shear-induced platelet aggregation and that the induction of fibrinogen receptor on GPIIb/IIIa may partially depend upon thromboxane A2 synthesis in platelets.

Afibrinogenemia↗
PubMed1988

Inhibition by endothelial cells of platelet aggregating activity of thrombin--role of thrombomodulin.

Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells inhibited the platelet aggregating activity of thrombin in the absence of plasma. Using a new method in which thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was measured in the presence of endothelial cells, we showed that aspirin-treated endothelial cells inhibited platelet aggregating activity of thrombin in an incubation time- and cell number-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect of endothelial cells was partially blocked by the pretreatment of endothelial cells with monoclonal anti-thrombomodulin IgG (anti-TMIgG). It is suggested that (1) endothelial cells play a role in the clearance of thrombin by binding and inactivating this enzyme and that (2) thrombomodulin on endothelial cells, apart from its role for protein C activation, may be involved in this endothelial function.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1988

Nucleotide sequence and expression in Escherichia coli of cDNA of swine pepsinogen: involvement of the amino-terminal portion of the activation peptide segment in restoration of the functional protein.

A clone, pSPcA2, which carries the full-length swine pepsinogen cDNA was isolated. The coding sequence comprised the signal peptide [15 amino acids (aa)], the activation peptide segment (44 aa) and mature pepsin (327 aa). The deduced amino acid sequence agrees with the published sequence with two exceptions. Asparagine instead of aspartate is present at aa positions 19 and 308. Two types of plasmids, pAS and pUCtacSPc series, were constructed for expressing swine pepsinogen cDNA. These plasmids directed the synthesis of polypeptides which were detected by employing an antibody to swine pepsinogen. However, all the polypeptides formed aggregates and showed no acid protease activity. Only the protein directed by pAS5 regained the acid protease activity after renaturation procedures. The activity was completely inhibited by pepstatin. Furthermore, the renatured pAS5 protein was spontaneously converted to pepsin under acidic conditions. The presence of Arg-8 in the activation peptide segment appears important for the stabilization of the pepsinogen molecule.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Changes in the lateral ventricle with the head position: ultrasonographic observation.

Ultrasonographic examination was performed in 13 preterm, 10 normal term and 3 term brain-damaged infants to evaluate changes of the ventricular width with the head position. The lower side of the frontal horn was narrowed and the upper side dilated in all preterm and brain-damaged infants. These changes of the ventricular width may be due to gravity and soft brain. Therefore, it is very important to consider the transformation of the lateral ventricles with the head position when asymmetry of the lateral ventricle is identified in infants showing prematurity or brain damage.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1988

Calpain activates two transglutaminases from porcine skin.

Two transglutaminases (TGase) with estimated molecular weight of 55,000 (55-K TGase) and 120,000 (120-K TGase) were partially purified from the cytosolic fraction of porcine skin (epidermis-rich preparation) using DEAE-cellulose and gel-filtration chromatographies. The enzyme activities of both transglutaminases were enhanced more than 20-fold by treatment with calpain (Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteinase) in the presence of Ca2+, and this enhancement was inhibited by adding EDTA, leupeptin, or an endogenous calpain-specific inhibitor protein (calpastatin). 55-K TGase was effectively activated by a smaller amount of calpain than was 120-K TGAse, while known activating reagents such as thrombin and dimethyl sulfoxide or heat treatment preferentially activated 120-K TGase. One of the physiological functions of calpain in the epidermis may be the activation of epidermal transglutaminases.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Reflectance spectrophotometry, cerebral blood flow and congestion in young rabbit brain.

Reflectance spectrophotometry was applied to examine experimental cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics in young rabbits. The estimated brain tissue SO2 level (ISO2) showed a prompt response to acute hypoxemia. The estimated brain tissue hemoglobin concentration (IHb) showed good correlation with CBF changes, estimated by the H2 clearance method, on hypoxemia or hypercarbia, and with cerebral congestion on neck venous compression. Moreover, trend recording of IHb and ISO2 was useful for monitoring the cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic changes, including CBF as well as congestion.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Endotoxin-specific chromogenic assay for plasma in pregnant women, umbilical cords, neonates and children.

The concentration of endotoxin (Et) was measured by means of a new endotoxin-specific assay (Endospecy) in 15 paired samples of maternal and umbilical cord (UC) blood, and 38 neonates and 5 children. The Et levels in maternal and UC blood with normal pregnancy and delivery were 0.8 +/- 0.4 and 1.3 +/- 0.6 pg/ml, respectively. In some cases of premature rupture of the membrane, Et in maternal and UC blood was slightly increased. The level in non-infectious neonates was 6.7 +/- 5.1 pg/ml and that in children less than 10 pg/ml. However, patients with infections showed a high Et level, which decreased on antibiotic treatment. In addition, the pattern of the changes in Et in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) did not parallel that in plasma. Therefore, in perinatal high-risk babies, the probability of affection with endotoxemia should be considered, but the effects of endotoxin on the central nervous system are presumably indirect because of the low permeability of Et through the blood-CSF-barrier.

Adult↗