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Biomedical subjects

Y Amit

Publications and source records attributed to Y Amit.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Isolated anterior inguinal dislocation of the hip joint.

Anterior dislocation of the hip joint is rare, accompanied usually by a fracture of adjacent bony structures. A case of isolated anterior inguinal dislocation of the hip joint is hereby presented with 22 months of followup. The mechanism of this rare injury is usually forcible abduction and extension of the hip joint. Early diagnosis and reduction, with immediate post-reduction roentgenograms to discover any fragments in the joint space, should be done. In this patient, X-rays 11 and 22 months after reduction appeared normal.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Pneumothorax due to endotracheal tube suction.

Traumatic pneumothoraces in ventilated premature infants are mostly related to high applied airway pressures. We report five cases of pneumothorax after endotracheal tube suctioning that illustrate two different mechanisms by which this may occur. Following suggested preventive measures, such complications have not recurred.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Diagnostic and prognostic value of auditory nerve brainstem evoked responses in comatose children.

The efficacy of auditory nerve brainstem evoked response (ABR) in the diagnosis and localization of brainstem lesions and its prognostic value in determining outcome were examined in 30 deeply comatose children. The ABR recordings obtained from each patient were correlated with the clinical, ancillary examinations and final outcome of these children. Clinical and ancillary examinations indicated damage to the cerebrum alone in 14 patients. In these children, ABR was found to be within normal limits. Isolated brainstem lesion was suggested by these examinations in 4 patients and their ABR recording showed absence of one or more of the brainstem response wave components or a prolonged brainstem transmission time (BTT). In 12 patients, damage to both the cerebrum and brainstem was suspected by clinical and laboratory examinations. In 8 patients, partial absence of brainstem waves or prolonged BTT was found. In 4, there was complete absence of all brainstem waves. All patients, regardless of etiology or depth of coma, with normal ABR, survived. Conversely, all children with complete absence of brainstem response waves succumbed. The prognosis of patients with partial absence of brainstem waves or prolonged BTT was variable. Some survived while others remained in a vegetative state or died. Our study demonstrates the importance of ABR in the diagnosis and localization of brainstem lesions and its value as a prognosticator of outcome in deeply comatose children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Intracranial pressure in central nervous system infections and cerebral ischaemia of infancy.

Intracranial pressure was continuously monitored in 23 patients aged between 24 hours and 20 months. Fourteen had severe infections of the central nervous system (CNS) and 9 sustained prolonged cerebral ischaemia. The intracranial pressure measured at catheter placement was not a reliable indicator of the intracranial pressure that developed during the course of the disease. The mean maximal intracranial pressure in infants with CNS infection (57.4 +/- 25.8 mmHg) was significantly higher than in infants with cerebral ischaemia (34.6 +/- 17.6 mmHg). Mortality in CNS infections (36%) was closely correlated with the degree of increased intracranial pressure, while mortality in cerebral ischaemia (67%) was not. Continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure enables treatment to be started early so that intracranial pressure can be reduced and adequate cerebral perfusion pressure maintained. This may help to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1982

Percutaneous placement of subdural catheter for measurement of intracranial pressure in small children.

Broadening indications for continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) in neonates and small infants have created increasing interest in modalities which would permit measurement of ICP safely and accurately. Such monitoring allows rapid initiation of treatment when increased ICP is observed. Using a new technique for subdural tap, the authors inserted percutaneously a subdural catheter in 9 patients, 5 had cerebral ischemia, and 4 had CNS infection. These patients exhibited marked changes in ICP during the course of their disease, often within a short time period. Continuous monitoring made it possible to initiate treatment immediately at the onset of increased ICP. In this series, no complication related to the subdural catheter placement was observed., This technique proved to be highly accurate, effective, safe, and very easy to perform.

Brain Edema↗
PubMed1982

Brown-Séquard syndrome associated with brachial plexus injury in neck trauma.

A case of adult cervical trauma that resulted in a clinical picture of Brown-Séquard syndrome and unilateral brachial plexus injury is presented. Rotational hyperflexion of the cervical spine is thought to have resulted in subluxation of C5-6 with root avulsions, leading to this unusual combination of findings.

Brachial Plexus↗
PubMed1982

Combined treatment of severe hyponatremia due to inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

A 6-year-old girl developed generalized seizures followed by coma, five days after surgical removal of a craniopharyngioma. Low serum sodium levels and low serum osmolality with inappropriately high urinary sodium output confirmed the diagnosis of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. Treatment with 3% hypertonic saline solution and repeated doses of furosemide (1 mg/kg) improved her clinical condition; serum sodium levels, however, rose slowly and urinary excretion remained high. Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), 4 mg/sq m/day, was added to the above regimen. A striking clinical improvement was noted. Serum sodium levels returned to normal with a concomitant sharp decline in urinary sodium output. The clinical course of this patient demonstrates the efficacy of the addition of deoxycorticosterone acetate to hypertonic saline and furosemide in the treatment of severe, life-threatening hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Brain lesion diagnosis by recording cochlear and brainstem responses to sound stimuli.

A technique has been developed for the recording of the cochlear action potential (electrocochleography) and the brainstem evoked responses to click stimuli by means of earlobe and scalp electrodes with an average response computer. This technique has already proved its usefulness in diagnosis of hearing loss. Since the brainstem responses are generated in the successive brainstem auditory nuclei and since the auditory nuclei and pathways constitute a relatively large volume of brainstem tissue, there is reason to believe that this same technique can also contribute to the diagnosis of brain stem lesions and their localization. When these recordings were made in patients with clinical signs of brain stem involvement, one (or more) of the usual response waves was smaller in amplitude, prolonged in latency, or completely absent. Recording of the cochlear and brainstem evoked potentials thus seems to be a new, simple and rapid tool for the diagnosis of brainstem lesions.

Acoustic Stimulation↗