Biomedical subjects

Y Akimoto

Publications and source records attributed to Y Akimoto.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Amoxicillin concentration in pus from abscess caused by odontogenic infection.

1. Amoxicillin concentration in pus from odontogenic infection was assayed and the concentrations were compared with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of alpha-hemolytic streptococci isolated from odontogenic infection. 2. Measurable amoxicillin concentrations in serum and pus were found in all instances (n = 16). 3. The mean peak concentrations in serum and pus were found at identical times, 1.5 hr after administration, which were 5.92 and 0.90 micrograms/ml, respectively. 4. The mean concentration ratio of pus/serum at the peak time was 0.15. 5. All amoxicillin concentrations in pus at the peak time exceeded the MIC for 90% of alpha-hemolytic streptococci (0.25 micrograms/ml).

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1994

Cephalexin concentrations in radicular granuloma following a single oral administration of 250- or 500-mg cephalexin.

1. Cephalexin concentrations in radicular granuloma and serum following a single oral administration of 250- or 500-mg cephalexin were measured by a paper disk method. 2. The highest concentration of cephalexin in radicular granuloma following administration of 250-mg cephalexin to nonfasting patients was observed at 2 hr, and was 1.62 micrograms/g. The mean cephalexin concentration ratio of radicular granuloma/serum at 2 hr was 0.35. 3. The highest concentrations of cephalexin in radicular granuloma following administration of 500-mg cephalexin to nonfasting and fasting patients occurred at 2 and 1.5 hr, and was 3.35 and 3.42 micrograms/g, respectively. Mean cephalexin concentration ratios of radicular granuloma/serum at 2 and 1.5 hr were 0.32 and 0.30, respectively. 4. All mean cephalexin concentrations in radicular granuloma following administration of 500-mg cephalexin to both fasting and nonfasting patients exceeded MIC for 90% (2 micrograms/ml) of clinically isolated strains of alpha-hemolytic streptococci. However, those concentrations obtained by 250-mg cephalexin did not exceed it.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Design and evaluation of radioactive acetylcholine analogs for mapping brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in vivo.

For mapping brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in vivo, seven radioactive acetylcholine analogs, N-[14C]methylpiperidyl-3- and 4-acetates, propionates, isobutyrates, and 3-butyrate were newly synthesized and evaluated in mice. The esters readily entered the brain and were hydrolyzed into the hydrophilic metabolite, which was trapped. In brain homogenates, the esters showed a wide range of enzymatic reactivity (about 40-fold), and high specificity for AchE (more than 82%) except the butyrate. Intra-brain distribution of the esters reflected a pattern of AchE activity.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1994

Immunodeficiency and IL-6 production by peripheral blood monocytes in multicentric Castleman's disease.

To study the pathogenesis of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), IL-6 producing cells and immune function were investigated in four MCD patients. The expression of IL-6 mRNA in one MCD lymph node was analysed by in situ hybridization. IL-6 mRNA expressing cells were scattered in the interfollicular areas and did not resemble plasma cells. Spontaneous IL-6 production was detected in the culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from four patients. The IL-6 producing cells among the PBMNC were found to be monocytes by both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. We evaluated immune function in four MCD patients. These studies show: (1) a negative PPD skin test in 3/4 patients, (2) decreased IL-2 production in 3/4 patients, (3) decreased T cell colony formation in 3/4 patients, (4) decreased NK activity and NK cell number in 2/4 patients, (5) increased soluble IL-2 receptor in 4/4 patients, and (6) decreased CD4/CD8 ratio in 3/4 patients. These results show that MCD resembles, in several ways, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Aged↗

PubMed1994

[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with multicentric Castleman's disease with a 28-year history].

A 49-year-old female admitted because of anemia. had skin rashes since age 20. Generalized lymphadenopathy and fever appeared and the patient was diagnosed as multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) at 40 years of age. Lymphadenopathy and fever improved with combined chemotherapy. In November, 1992, anemia increased with reticulocytosis (11.8%) and laboratory examination revealed a positive result for Coombs test and increased indirect bilirubin. A diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) was made. Steroid and plasmapheresis showed temporary effects, but anemia relapsed when steroids were decreased. Immunosuppressive drugs, vincristine and danazole were ineffective. Anemia improved on the second attempt at steroid therapy. The level of Hb rose to 11.2 g/dl after 3 months. The relationship between MCD and AIHA was discussed.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗

PubMed1994

[Pure red cell aplasia with thymoma, myasthenia gravis and normal pressure hydrocephalus].

Cases of pure red cell aplasia with thymoma and myasthenia gravis are rare. We described a patient who had concomitant pure red cell aplasia, thymoma, myasthenia gravis and a normal pressure hydrocephalus. A 63-year-old man with disturbances of gait, left blepharoptosis and anemia was presented to our hospital. Laboratory examination on admission revealed severe anemia. Bone marrow aspirates showed erythroid hypoplasia of marked degree. Chest x-ray and chest CT revealed a tumor to the right of cardiac wall. The tensilon chloride test and antiacetylcholine receptor antibody were positive. A hydrocephalus was demonstrated with brain CT. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure was in the normal range. He was diagnosed as having pure red cell aplasia with thymoma, myasthenia gravis and a normal pressure hydrocephalus. This appears to be a fairly rare case. It seems important to consider that a normal pressure hydrocephalus may have immunological disorders.

Humans↗

PubMed1994

[A case of hepatoblastoma using intraarterial hepatic chemotherapy with THP-ADR].

The patient was a 2-year-old who was admitted with the diagnosis of liver tumor. The diagnosis at admission was stage III A hepatoblastoma complicated with tumor thrombosis of portal vein. Soon after the admission, the patient's general condition became deteriorated with increased ascites and severer jaundice. As the patient was considered to be in oncogenic emergency, chemotherapy with systemic administration of ADR and CDDP was started. Despite decreases in tumor marker and tumor shrinkage on imaging examinations, tachycardia and arrythmia occurred from the end of the second course of chemotherapy, suggesting ADR-induced cardiomyopathy, when the systemic administration of ADR was switched to less cardiotoxic hepatic arterial infusion of THP-ADR. Following 13 courses of intra-arterial infusion with the total dose of THP-ADR of 200 mg/m2, the tumor was found to have reduced markably in size and thus surgical resection of the tumor was performed. Our experience of this case indicates that, considering the pharmacokinetics and side effects, THP-ADR should be a very effective anti-tumor agent for intra-arterial hepatic infusion. The patient died 10 months after surgery because of multiple metastases into the brain and lungs.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗

PubMed1993

Secretion of endogenous 16-kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin from vitamin A-pretreated chick embryonic cultured skin.

Localization of endogenous beta-galactoside-binding 16-kDa lectin and its gene expression pattern were investigated during differentiation of chick embryonic skin in vivo and in vitro and were compared with those of a 14-kDa lectin. By light microscopy, immunostaining of the 16-kDa lectin was weak in the undifferentiated epidermis, while it became intense in the keratinized epidermis, particularly in the intermediate cells. Essentially the same staining pattern was observed both in vivo and in vitro. The gene expression pattern was consistent with these immunohistochemical observations. These results were similar to those of the 14-kDa lectin [1]. On the other hand, in the vitamin A-pretreated cultured skin, mucous metaplasia of the epidermis was induced and marked changes in localization of these two isolectins were observed. The 16-kDa lectin expression was increased in the epidermis, especially in the superficial cells, and the gene expression was detected in all layers of the epidermis. However, 14-kDa lectin expression was markedly reduced in the metaplastic epidermis. In the keratinized epidermis, detailed localization of these lectins under the electron microscope was almost the same. Both of them were located primarily along the plasma membrane, in the intercellular space, and in the desmosomes. In the mucous metaplastic epidermis, however, the localization of the 16-kDa lectin was completely different from that of the 14-kDa lectin; e.g., the former was detected in the mucous granules and on the microvilli of the superficial cells, while the latter was scarcely observed in the epidermis. The present results revealed that (1) the 16-kDa lectin as well as 14-kDa lectin were expressed during the epidermal differentiation and (2) much of the 16-kDa lectin was produced and secreted from the vitamin A-pretreated cultured epidermis, while 14-kDa lectin disappeared. In the view of these facts, it is suggested that (1) both 14- and 16-kDa lectins may play an important role in differentiation of the skin and (2) the gene expression of 14- and 16-kDa lectins is regulated independently.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Spontaneous IL-2 production in vitro in two patients with pure red cell aplasia.

We investigated spontaneous cytokine production in two patients with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from two patients produced IL-2. Cyclosporin A (CyA) suppressed in vitro IL-2 production in one patient, but not in the other. Spontaneous IL-2 production disappeared in one patient 10 months after the start of CyA therapy. The patient for whom CyA therapy was stopped after the disappearance of spontaneous IL-2 production has remained in continuous remission for 1 year. The present case suggests that spontaneous IL-2 production in PBMNC might be an indicator of disease activity.

Cyclosporine↗

PubMed1993

Josamycin concentrations in radicular cysts following a single oral administration.

1. Josamycin concentrations in cyst wall (wall) and cyst fluid (fluid) of radicular cyst and serum following a single oral administration of josamycin (600 mg) were assayed by a paper disk method. 2. The mean peak josamycin concentrations in wall, fluid and serum occurred at 1.5, 2 and 1.5 hr, respectively, and were 1.33 micrograms/g, 0.53 and 0.74 micrograms/ml, respectively. 3. The mean concentration ratios of wall/serum, fluid/serum and fluid/wall at the peak times (1.5, 2 and 2 hr) were 1.80, 0.64 and 0.42, respectively. 4. Josamycin concentrations in wall and fluid at the peak time exceeded MIC for 80% for clinically isolated strains of alpha-hemolytic Streptococci.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1993

Ampicillin concentrations in radicular cysts following a single oral administration of bacampicillin.

1. Ampicillin concentrations in cyst wall (wall) and cyst fluid (fluid) of radicular cyst and serum following a single oral administration of bacampicillin (equivalent to 500 mg of ampicillin) were measured by a paper disk method. 2. The mean peak concentrations of ampicillin in wall, fluid, and serum occurred at identical times, 1.5 hr, and were 2.39 micrograms/g, 0.77, and 10.24 micrograms/ml, respectively. 3. Mean ampicillin concentration ratios of wall/serum, fluid/serum, and fluid/wall at the peak time were 0.23, 0.07, and 0.40, respectively. 4. Mean ampicillin concentrations in wall and fluid at the peak time exceeded MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) for 90% (0.5 microgram/ml) for clinically isolated strains of alpha-hemolytic Streptococci.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1993

Circulating abnormal cells detected in a patient with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

An unusual case of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL) with circulating CD3-CD4+ cells is reported. A lymph node biopsy specimen showed the characteristic features of IBL. Two-color analyses demonstrated that the circulating abnormal cells were CD3-, CD4+, HLA-DR+, and CD25-. Chromosomal analysis revealed unrelated clones in the lymph node. Though 48% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes were abnormal, no clonal rearrangement of the TcR beta chain gene was detected in the peripheral blood. This case might point out the possibility that some cases of IBL truly had no TcR gene rearrangement and were dysplasias.

CD3 Complex↗

PubMed1993

Concentrations of lomefloxacin in radicular cyst and oral tissues following single or multiple oral administration.

Concentrations of lomefloxacin in serum, the wall and fluid of radicular cyst, gingiva, and jawbone following single or multiple oral administration were measured. The highest concentrations of lomefloxacin in serum, cyst wall, cyst fluid, gingiva, and jawbone occurred at 3 h after multiple administration, and were 2.31 micrograms/ml, 4.06 micrograms/g, 1.54 micrograms/ml, 4.72 micrograms/g and 2.79 micrograms/g, respectively. The mean concentration ratios of wall/serum, fluid/serum, fluid/wall, gingiva/serum, and jawbone/serum at the highest concentrations were 1.74, 0.73, 0.47, 2.52 and 1.20, respectively. Although most lomefloxacin concentrations in cyst and oral tissues following single oral administration did not exceed the MICs for 80% of clinically isolated strains of alpha-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Niesseria spp., most of those obtained after multiple oral administration exceeded the MICs except in the case of fluid.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Elderly cases of hematological malignancies with second malignancies].

Recently an increase of the elderly patients with hematological malignancies has been pointed out. We analyzed second malignancies in elderly patients with hematological malignancies (95 age 65 or more), and made a comparative study with non-elderly case for the past 5 years. Second malignancies were observed in 26 cases out of the total of 282 hematological malignancies (9.2%). The percentage of patients with second malignancies in the elderly group (19/95; 20%) was significantly higher than that of the non-elderly group (7/187; 3.7%). Among the all kinds of hematological malignancies, the second malignancies were mainly observed in cases with myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelo-proliferative disorder. Colon carcinoma, gastric carcinoma and lung carcinoma accounted for nearly half of all the second malignancies. On 11 of the 26 cases with second malignancies, the first malignancies had been treated with some anti-cancer drug such as alkylating agents. Development of a second cancer was greater in cases in which the first hematological malignancy was treated with alkylating agents more than in cases in which the first carcinoma was not treated with alkylating agents.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Testicular relapse, with Ph-positive chromosome after bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphocytic leukemia].

A 25-year-old man with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) had received bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Testicular relapse occurred 6 months after BMT as the first relapse, and couple of weeks later, bone marrow relapse developed. At that time, karyotypic analysis showed Ph-chromosome which was not observed before the first remission and DNA analysis revealed rearrangements of minor BCR, IgL, IgH, TCR and TCR genes. Testicular relapse often develops in ALL of children after BMT. However, some reports, including this report, indicate that testicular relapse following BMT can also occur in adults, so that the incidence of testicular relapse could be reduced either by total body irradiation (TBI) or testicular irradiation before transplantation. Incidence of Ph-positive chromosome following BMT is a key to illuminate the mechanism of the Philadelphia chromosome. Rearrangements of Ig and TCR gene can be considered as an abnormal gene rearrangement occurring at an early stage of B cell proliferation.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Leukemic B-cell colony formation in patients with B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia].

We performed in vitro B cell colony assay after coculture with phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) and some cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and PHA-MTCM) in B leukemic cells from B-PLL and B-CLL patients. The number of colonies generated with PHA and PHA-MTCM was significantly smaller in patients with B-PLL than B-CLL. The surface markers of colony cells from a PLL patient were similar to those of circulating leukemic cells of the patient. IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 did not enhance PHA-induced B cell colony formation in B-PLL. The expression of CD23 and CD25 antigens of the PLL cells was not enhanced after coculture with PHA for 72 hours in contrast to the enhancement of these antigens in B-CLL. B-PLL cells might be less responsive to PHA than B-CLL cells.

B-Lymphocytes↗

PubMed1993

[Red cell fragmentation syndrome after bone marrow transplantation presumed to be caused by cyclosporin A].

Red cell fragmentation syndrome (RCFS) appeared in a 19-year-old female with acute lymphocytic leukemia 30 days after receiving allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with a conditioning regimen of a high-dose of cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation. Thirty days after BMT, severe anemia, reticulocytosis and red cell fragmentation were recognized. As RCFS due to cyclosporin A was suspected, CsA therapy was immediately stopped and methotrexate was substituted for CsA. After the discontinuation of CsA, rapid resolution of the hemolysis was observed. When we resumed treatment with CsA, similar hemolysis developed and disappeared again after discontinuation of CsA. Though we considered that RCFS occurred due to CsA, the participation of GVHD and cytomegalovirus might be undeniable.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Changes in expression of the endogenous beta-galactoside-binding 14-kDa lectin of chick embryonic skin during epidermal differentiation.

Changes in the expression pattern of the gene for the endogenous beta-galactoside-binding 14-kDa lectin of chick embryo were examined immunohistochemically during epidermal differentiation in vivo and in vitro with special reference to detailed localization of the 14-kDa lectin. The gene expression was visualized by the HRP-staining method following in situ hybridization, in which sulfonated cDNA was employed as a probe. The 14-kDa lectin gene expression (mRNA) was detected mainly in the intermediate layer of the epidermis: it was faint in 13-day-old embryos, gradually increased in intensity during epidermal differentiation, and became intensely positive in 17-day-old embryo. The expression of the gene in skin explants was suppressed by vitamin A, which induces mucous metaplasia of the epidermis in vitro. The anti-14-kDa lectin reaction was positive mainly in the intermediate layer of the differentiating epidermis, coinciding chronologically with expression of the gene at the light microscopic level. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the positive reaction was primarily localized in desmosomes, in tonofilament bundles anchored to the desmosomes, along the outer surface of the plasma membrane, and in the intercellular space. Essentially the same staining pattern was observed in differentiating epidermis in vitro. The positive reaction was markedly reduced in the epidermis in which differentiation had been suppressed in vitro by the addition of vitamin A.

Animals↗