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Biomedical subjects

Y Akanuma

Publications and source records attributed to Y Akanuma.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

On the pathogenesis of type II diabetes with special reference to diminished insulin response and obesity: a 5-12 year follow-up study of subjects with borderline glucose tolerance.

In a 5-12 year follow-up study of 288 subjects with borderline glucose tolerance, 56 of them worsened to overt noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Multivariate analysis indicated that a high level of fasting and 2-hour blood glucose values at the initial 100 g oral glucose tolerance test, a large maximal body weight index (Max. BWI) and a diminished insulin response to glucose load were significant independent risk factors for worsening to diabetes. Deterioration to diabetes was observed 4.5 times, 6.1 times and 2.1 times more frequently in subjects with fasting blood glucose greater than or equal to 100 mg/100 ml, 2-hour blood glucose greater than or equal to 180 mg/100 ml and Max. BWI greater than or equal to 130%, respectively, as compared with those having lower values of each variable. Diabetes developed almost exclusively from low insulin responders in 253 non- or mildly obese subjects, while in 35 severely obese subjects a certain number of 'normal or high' insulin responders did develop diabetes. In conclusion, the majority of cases of NIDDM develop on the basis of low insulin secretion, with an additional precipitating factor of obesity, and, in some with higher insulin responses diabetes develops when extreme obesity exists, though these cases form a minor group in Japan today.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1983

Blood groups and diabetes mellitus: a possible tool in the analysis of the hereditary background of diabetes mellitus.

Blood groups ABO, MN, P1, Lewis and KIDD, were examined in 64 adult and 53 child diabetics. Patients were classified into 4 groups, NIDDM (n = 30), Insulin less than 20 U (n = 13) and Insulin greater than or equal to 20 U (n = 21) in adults and IDDM in children (n = 53). ABO blood group was found to have some association with Insulin greater than or equal to 20 U and IDDM. P1(+) was significantly rarer in the Insulin greater than or equal to 20 U group in adults, while this difference was not observed in IDDM in children. MN, Lewis and KIDD blood groups did not show any association with diabetes mellitus in our study. Further studies are needed to clarify the association of blood groups with diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency in a Japanese family: evidence for functionally defective enzyme in homozygotes and obligate heterozygotes.

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mass and activity were measured in a Japanese family with familial LCAT deficiency. The two LCAT-deficient subjects had LCAT mass approximately 40-46% of normal (2.65 and 2.31 micrograms/ml respectively, as compared with normal levels of 5.76 +/- 0.95 microgram/ml in 19 Japanese subjects) and enzyme activity less than 10% of normal (9.1 and 8.3 nmol/h/ml respectively, as compared with normal levels of 100 nmol/h/ml). All obligate heterozygotes examined, including the father of the two LCAT-deficient subjects, and all five children of the deficient subjects had LCAT mass approximately 72-80% of the normal LCAT mass (4.12, 4.38, 4.45, 4.48, 4.49, 4.61 micrograms/ml, respectively) and LCAT activity approximately half normal (51.9, 52.4, 54.2, 56.6, and 57.2 nmol/h/ml). We conclude that the two LCAT-deficient subjects of this family have functionally defective enzyme. Furthermore, the data suggest that the plasma of the obligate heterozygotes contain both normal and functionally defective enzymes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Plasma apolipoprotein E levels in hypertriglyceridemia.

A specific, precise and sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay for the measurement of human apolipoprotein E (apo E) was developed. Antibody specific to apo E was raised in a rabbit. This antibody did not crossreact with plasma low density lipoproteins (d = 1.030-1.063) and apo-proteins such as pao CII, CIII, AI and AII. Mean plasma level with SD of apo E in 29 normalipidemic subjects was 9.5 +/- 1.8 mg/100 ml. Plasma apo E concentrations in 25 hypertriglyceridemic patients with plasma triglyceride concentrations ranging from 169 to 1190/mg/100 ml correlated positively with plasma triglyceride concentrations (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001). Among subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, there was a negative correlation between the apo E per mg triglyceride ratio and plasma triglyceride concentrations (r = 0.49, p less than 0.02). Plasma apo E levels did not show any correlation with plasma cholesterol concentrations. These results indicate that plasma apo E is closely associated with plasma triglyceride levels, which suggests a possible connection of this apoprotein with the metabolism of plasma triglyceride.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Triacylglycerol lipases in adrenals and testes of rats.

Triacylglycerol lipase activities in adrenals and testes of rats were measured and the properties of the enzymes were characterized. The enzymes were extracted from acetone-ether dried powder of the tissues and the crude extracts were applied to a heparin-Sepharose affinity column. The enzymes bound to the column were then eluted at different ionic strengths. Two lipases could be detected in rat adrenals: one was inactivated by the antiserum raised against hepatic triacylglycerol lipase and the other had the properties of lipoprotein lipase. In testes, only lipoprotein lipase could be detected. The results are discussed in connection with the possible functions of these two lipases in organs utilizing lipoprotein-cholesterol for steroid hormone synthesis.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1982

Lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Lipoprotein lipase activity of epididymal adipose tissue was measured in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats of 3, 10 and 34 days duration were examined. The enzyme activity in adipose tissue of diabetic rats was similar to that of control rats of the same ages, compared on the tissue weight basis. However, since adipose tissue weight was markedly reduced in rats with both acute and chronic diabetes, total enzyme activity in the whole tissue was very low in such animals regardless of the duration of diabetes. We wish to point out that contradictory results on the adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in diabetic rats in the previous reports have arisen depending on differences in the methods chosen to express enzyme activity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

A follow-up study of plasma beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity and diabetic retinopathy--observed for 2 years.

The correlation of Plasma beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity and the development of diabetic retinopathy was observed in 117 diabetic patients (male 52, female 65) who had been observed for 2 years. The plasma NAG activity was measured at least 3 times per year (6 approximately 9 times altogether). The eye-ground findings at the beginning of the study and 2 years later were studied according to Scott's classification. Forty-four percent (19 cases) of the 43 patients with higher NAG activity (greater than 525 nmole/h/ml) and 27% (20 cases) of the 74 patients with lower NAG activity (less than or equal to 525 mole/h/ml) showed a worsening of the eye findings (p greater than 0.05). The frequencies of patients showing a worsening of the eye findings in patients with higher fasting blood glucose (FBG) values (greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl) and in patients with lower FBG values (less than 140 mg/dl) were 45% (17 in 38 cases) and 28% (22 in 79 cases), respectively (p greater than 0.1). When the NAG activity and the FBG value were considered together, there were 16 patients with both higher FBG values or higher NAG activity, and 52 patients with both lower FBG values and lower NAG activity. The frequencies of the patients who had a worsening of the eye findings were 56% (9 cases), 37% (18 cases), and 23% (12 cases), respectively. The difference was significant (p less than 0.05). In the present study, the plasma NAG activity showed no relation to diabetic retinopathy, but the results suggest that the plasma enzyme estimation may add further information to the FBG value and so help in predicting the development of diabetic retinopathy.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1982

Familial plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. A new family with partial LCAT activity.

A 43-year-old woman and her 47-year-old brother were studied because of corneal opacity. They showed a marked decrease in plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) and a decrease in the ester ratio of plasma total cholesterol. Discoidal particles were found in the HDL2 fraction (d 1.063-1.125). A marked heterogeneity of low density lipoproteins was disclosed in both patients by electron microscopy. Apoprotein analysis revealed an increase in apo E and a decrease in apo A-I and A-II in both patients. These abnormalities were similar to the data reported in other cases with hereditary lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency. However, several interesting dissimilarities have been disclosed as compared with the previously reported cases. Neither patient had proteinuria, and their kidney functions were within the normal limits. The ester ratios of plasma cholesterol of both patients were the highest among the cases reported thus far. Their plasma LCAT activities were 14.4 and 15% of the normal mean values determined by Glomset-Wright's common-substrate method. The enzyme activities determined by Stokke-Norum's self-substrate method were 40.2 and 29% respectively. These results may indicate that this inherited disorder is not characterized by absence of plasma LCAT or presence of inhibitory factors in plasma, but by the presence of partially inactive LCAT in patients' plasma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Amylase-producing lung cancer: case report and review of the literature.

A case of hyperamylasemia with lung cancer is described. Macroamylasemia was excluded by a normal amylase/creatinine clearance ratio and by a sedimentation constant obtained by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Positive immunofluorescent staining of tumor cells with a specific antibody against human salivary amylase and significant amylase activity in the primary tumor and metastases support the hypothesis of independent production of amylase by the lung tumor. Cellulose--acetate membrane electrophoresis demonstrated three bands of amylase activity. The major component corresponded to normal salivary amylase in electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric point and molecular size. The minor bands, one of which occupied about 10% of the total amylase activity in serum, urine and tissue homogenates, demonstrated a lower electrophoretic mobility and a more acidic isoelectric point. Gel filtration and electrophoresis disclosed that these minor bands were derived from an amylase isozyme with a larger molecular size than that of normal salivary amylase. The results suggest ectopic tumor production of heterogenous amylase isozymes, with the larger form being secreted into the circulation.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1981

Ascites chylomicron: a poor substrate for hepatic triglyceride lipase.

A patient with nephrotic syndrome and morbus Kimura (eosinophilic granuloma) showed chylous ascites. Ascites chylomicrons were analyzed and used to study the substrate specificity of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase. Ascites triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were 191 and 12 mg/dl, respectively. Both apo CII and apo CIII content in ascites were approximately one-third of those of plasma from normal subjects. Ascites chylomicrons were incubated with either lipoprotein lipase or hepatic triglyceride lipase, which were prepared from postheparin plasma using heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzed ascites chylomicrons, while hepatic triglyceride lipase did not. These results suggest different functions of these two lipases in chylomicron catabolism.

Ascites↗
PubMed1981

Reciprocal changes, caused by insulin and glucagon, of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase in rats in vitro.

Effects of insulin and glucagon on lipoprotein lipase activity in rat adipose tissue were studied in vitro. Adipose tissue from normal or streptozotocin-diabetic rats was incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer for 60 min at 38 degrees C in the presence of heparin and lipoprotein lipase released from the tissue into the incubation medium was measured. Diabetic rats showed markedly low activities of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. Insulin (500 microU/ml) increased lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue from diabetic rats. Glucagon (500 pg/ml), on the other hand, decreased the enzyme activity in normal rat adipose tissue. The results indicate that insulin and glucagon cause reciprocal changes of lipoprotein lipase activity in rat adipose tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗