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Biomedical subjects

Y Akahane

Publications and source records attributed to Y Akahane.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Immunoglobulin A antibody against hepatitis B core antigen in the acute and persistent infection with hepatitis B virus.

Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen of immunoglobulin A class was determined in the serum of patients infected with hepatitis B virus by a sandwich-type solid-phase radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies. The antibody, as defined by a sample to normal ratio greater than 2.1, was detected in all of 39 patients with acute hepatitis, with titers varying widely depending on the time of blood sampling. In persons with persistent infection, the antibody was detected in only 2 (4%) of 46 asymptomatic carriers of the virus, contrasting with the positivity in as many as 15 (41%) of 37 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, in 45 (94%) of 48 patients with chronic active hepatitis, and in 40 (87%) of 46 patients with liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. The mean +/- SE titer of antibody in chronic persistent hepatitis (3.8 +/- 0.9) was significantly lower than those in chronic active hepatitis (13.8 +/- 3.2) and cirrhosis with or without carcinoma (25.6 +/- 6.1) (p less than 0.001). Based on the results obtained, the antibody may reflect hepatic injury in the persistent hepatitis B virus infection.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Epidemiology of sporadic acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in Japan: a comparison with hepatitis A and B.

Two hundred fifty-eight patients with clinically and serologically proven sporadic acute viral hepatitis during a period of past 7 years (January 1976-December 1982) were analyzed regarding epidemiology and outcome. The frequency of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis was the highest among the three categories of viral hepatitis; 118 patients had hepatitis NANB (46%), 70 hepatitis A (27%), and 70 hepatitis B (27%). In NANB hepatitis, the mean age was older than in other categories of hepatitis and both sexes were equally affected, in contrast to the male predominance in types A and B. Chronic liver disease developed in 32% of patients with NANB hepatitis, but in none of patients with hepatitis type A or B. These results suggest that in Japan the infectious sources of hepatitis NANB virus(es) are more prevalent than those of hepatitis A and B viruses, and also suggest that one of the possible important factors for the high tendency to chronicity may be concerned with intimate contact with, or evolution from, asymptomatic NANB virus carriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Hepatocellular carcinoma after non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis.

A case is reported in which non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis was followed serially by chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis that finally developed into hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient died after a 19-year clinical course. During the last 8 years, repeated attempts to identify serum hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen were consistently negative. Liver biopsy was performed five times during the clinical course, and at autopsy, liver tissue was obtained from four different nontumor regions. These specimens were investigated by a peroxidase immunoenzyme method which failed to detect hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antigen. Non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis may become chronic and sometimes may advance to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Low molecular weight (7s) immunoglobulin M antibody against hepatitis B core antigen in the serum for differentiating acute from persistent hepatitis B virus infection.

Sera from persons infected with hepatitis B virus were fractionated into 19s and 7s moieties by high performance liquid chromatography and then tested for the antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) of immunoglobulin M (IgM) class by radioimmunoassay. Sera from 17 patients with acute or fulminant hepatitis invariably showed a high activity of 19s IgM anti-HBc (sample/normal ratio 30.6 +/- 13.6). In addition, they all revealed a much lower activity of 7s IgM anti-HBc (4.1 +/- 3.4). In remarkable contrast, 7s IgM anti-HBc activity was higher than 19s IgM anti-HBc activity in the sera from 5 asymptomatic carriers (10.4 +/- 2.4 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.1), 4 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (11.7 +/- 1.4 vs. 2.1 +/- 1.4), 13 with chronic active hepatitis (13.6 +/- 3.0 vs. 6.0 +/- 5.6), and 10 with liver cirrhosis (8.9 +/- 3.4 vs. 5.4 +/- 2.4). Among these 32 cases of persistent hepatitis B virus infection, there were only 2 (6.3%) in which the 7s IgM anti-HBc was lower than the 19s IgM anti-HBc. The proportion of patients who showed the value of 7s IgM anti-HBc exceeding that of 19s IgM anti-HBc was significantly higher for persistent (30 of 32) than for acute (0 of 17) hepatitis B virus infection (p less than 0.001). On the basis of these results, the determination of IgM anti-HBc in terms of 19s and 7s subpopulations would be useful for differentiating acute from chronic hepatitis B virus infection, especially when the titer of IgM anti-HBc is not high enough to exclude a persistent hepatitis B virus infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

A case of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis with an initial presenting feature of localized gastric varices.

A case of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) with an initial presenting feature of localized gastric varices is reported. The patient, 64 years old female, underwent a barium meal examination because of ill-defined abdominal complaints and was found to have gastric varices localized at the cardia but no esophageal varices. Her blood chemistry showed high values of biliary tract enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, but the serum bilirubin level was almost normal. Serum anti-mitochondrial antibody was positive. Histological findings of the surgically biopsied liver specimen were compatible with PBC. The clinical implication of gastric varices in PBC is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Resection of thorotrast-induced cholangiocarcinoma.

We report a case of successful surgical treatment of cholangiocarcinoma caused by a long standing thorotrastosis. Thorotrastosis should be recognized as a preliminary stage of malignancy. If early diagnosis of the tumor can be made, treatment may be successful.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1982

A case of acute non-A, non-B sporadic hepatitis with evolution of liver cirrhosis on serial histologic follow-up.

Progression of acute non-A, non-B (NANB) posttransfusion hepatitis to liver cirrhosis has been well recognized as in hepatitis B infection, whereas no progression of acute NANB sporadic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis has yet been documented. We reported a 29-year-old male with prolonged transaminase elevations in whom acute NANB sporadic hepatitis progressed to histologically confirmed cirrhosis during follow-up of about 3 years. It is suggested that some of the cryptogenic cirrhosis of non-B type may develop from acute NANB sporadic hepatitis and long-term observation is also needed in patients with acute hepatitis of this category.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The significance of blood transfusion in non-A, non-B chronic liver disease in Japan.

We performed a follow-up study on 70 patients with acute non-A, non-B (NANB) posttransfusion hepatitis and a retrospective study on 283 chronic hepatitis, 70 cirrhosis and 53 hepatocellular carcinoma patients of type NANB. In acute NANB post-transfusion hepatitis, as judged by the transaminase levels, th duration of the disease exceeded 6 months in 46/70 = 65.7% and 1 year in 32/70 = 45.7%. The histological diagnosis of the 32 cases persisting for more than 1 year was chronic active hepatitis in 5, chronic persistent hepatitis in 2 and unresolved hepatitis in 6. The frequency of previous transfusion in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma of type NANB was 42.8, 37.1 and 15.1%, respectively, whereas the incidence of early posttransfusion hepatitis was 8.5, 8.6 and 7.5%, respectively. in chronic liver diseases with a history of jaundice and/or hepatitis, previous transfusions are more frequently associated with type NANB than with type B disease. The present study demonstrates that NANB posttransfusion hepatitis tends to develop to chronic liver disease when analyzed prospectively as well as retrospectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Isolation of Dane particles containing a DNA strand by metrizamide density gradient.

Dane-particle cores labelled with [3H]TTP were subjected to ultracentrifugation in a metrizamide density gradient. Two populations of core particles with different densities were obtained, and radioactivity was found only in the cores that sedimented at the lower density (1.19-1.23 g/cm3). All the cores in this group, when spread in a monolayer, were found to expel a closed circular double-stranded DNA molecule. In contrast, the core particles that sedimented at the higher density (1.23-1.27 g/cm3) were not associated with radioactivity, nor was any DNA strand extruded from them. These results show that metrizamide density gradients allow the separation of complete hepatitis B virions for the study of viral DNA.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
PubMed1980

Viruslike particles in a plasma fraction (fibrinogen) and in the circulation of apparently healthy blood donors capable of inducing non-A/non-B hepatitis in humans and chimpanzees.

Two patients who had received a fibrinogen preparation contracted hepatitis of non-A/non-B etiology 3 and 8 wk after the injection. A chimpanzee inoculated with the same preparation developed hepatitis 11 wk later, with an increase in SGPT and a liver pathology compatible with acute viral hepatitis. His preacute serum containing the presumptive etiologic agent induced hepatitis in another chimpanzee. Electron microscopic observation of the liver of these chimpanzees biopsied during preacute and acute stages revealed peculiar tubular structures composed of two unit membranes with electron-opaque material in between. Using the serum obtained from infected chimpanzees at convalescence as an antibody reagent, viruslike particles were identified in the fibrinogen preparation by immune electron microscopy. When the serum of 100 apparently healthy blood donors with SGPT value of 80 Karmen units/ml or higher was tested for viruslike particles, eight were found to be positive. Furthermore, one of these sera, when a 5-ml amount was injected into each of two chimpanzees, induced hepatitis with viruslike particles in the circulation and characteristic tubular changes in the liver. On the basis of the results obtained, the viruslike particles in the fibrinogen preparation, as well as in the circulation of apparently healthy donors, were capable of inducing hepatitis of non-A/non-B category with a liver pathology characterized by tubular structures. The detection of non-A/non-B viral particles, especially when refined to routine laboratory tests, may open the way for the specific diagnosis, exclusion of contaminated blood from transfusion, and eventual prophylaxis by vaccination.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1979

Application of microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay to the determination of hepatitis B e antigen.

Microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay (micro-SPRIA) was applied to the detection of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the serum. Antibody against HBeAg to coat the microtiter plate and for radiolabeling was obtained from the serum of asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen by an affinity column of partially purified HBeAg. The micro-SPRIA was sensitive and could be performed without prior concentration of the test serum. HBeAg was detected in 21 (35%) out of 60 serum samples positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, all of which were negative by the conventional immunodiffusion method even after they had been concentrated threefold.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1977

Clinical significance of e-antigen/anti-e, with special reference to HBc-antigen in the liver.

e-antigen and anti-e were assayed in sera of asymptomatic HBs-Ag carriers and of patients with liver diseases. Thirteen out of 34 (38.2%) asymptomatic carriers were positive for e-antigen, which was in sharp contrast to the reports from USA and Europe. e-antigen was detected to a greater extent in patients with chronic active hepatitis, reversely anti-e in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis. However, e-antigen was found rarely in patients with cirrhosis and never in 23 cases with hepatoma positive for HBs-Ag. HBc-Ag in the liver was detected in 4 out of 8 e-antigen positive asymptomatic carriers and in 4 out of 5 patients with chronic liver diseases with e-antigen respectively, and moreover in 3 out of 14 anti-e positive cases, so that the presence of anti-e did not necessarily mean the negativity of HBc-Ag in the liver. Anti-HBc titer, however, was lower in anti-e positive sera than in e-antigen positive ones. This may implicate the decreased replication of HBV in cases with anti-e. These results emphasize that the investigation of e-antigen/anti-e is mandatory for the evaluation of the prognosis of asymptomatic carriers and of patients with chronic hepatitis.

Adult↗