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Biomedical subjects

Y Abe

Publications and source records attributed to Y Abe.

1,401 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin and etoposide during surgery for patients with gastric cancer.

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been attempted to treat peritoneal seeding in patients with gastric cancer. In this study, 13 patients with far advanced gastric cancer were given a complex chemotherapy regimen, cisplatin and etoposide, intraperitoneally during surgery. Cisplatin and etoposide was given 100 mg/body (58-90 mg/m2) and 200 mg/body (115-180 mg/m2), respectively, before closing the abdominal wall. There was one operative death who had an unresectable gastric cancer and died due to respiratory insufficiency, probably related to the drugs. There were no critical side effects due to the drugs among patients who underwent gastrectomy. Postoperative complications encountered were 2 cases of leukopenia, 2 of vomiting, 2 of renal impairment and 1 of liver dysfunction. These complications were transient and limited. The median survival duration was 7.0 months in this study. Thus, intraperitoneal cisplatin and etoposide should be examined for clinical use in larger scale trials.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraperitoneal cisplatin during surgery for gastric cancer and peritoneal seeding.

Forty-five patients with gastric cancer having peritoneal seeding but no liver metastases received intraperitoneal cisplatin, 50 to 200 mg (89.4 mg on average), immediately after gastrectomy, while 37 controls were treated with intravenous mitomycin C on the day of their gastrectomy and daily oral tegafur (N1-(2'-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil) postoperatively. Side effects and postoperative complications after intraperitoneal cisplatin were limited. The postoperative survival rate was better in patients given cisplatin than in the controls (P < 0.05). A significant difference in survival was seen particularly in those with the undifferentiated type of gastric cancer or 'massive' peritoneal seeding. The succinate dehydrogenase inhibition test for chemosensitivity to drugs revealed that tissues obtained from the undifferentiated type of gastric cancer or foci of peritoneal seeding were more sensitive to cisplatin than to mitomycin C or adriamycin. These results demonstrate that intraperitoneal cisplatin after gastrectomy is safe and suitable for the treatment of patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal seeding.

Cisplatin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Can total artificial heart animals control their TAH by themselves? One year survival of a TAH goat using a new automatic control method (1/R control).

A total artificial heart (TAH) goat survived for 360 days on the new automatic control method (1/R control), in which the cardiac output of the TAH can be controlled through the cardiovascular center by making it function by reflecting the beta-adrenergic reaction in peripheral vascular resistance. This is thought to be the only long-term, real-time, measurable parameter by which information on the activity of the cardiovascular center can be received directly by the TAH system. In this goat, the hemodynamic parameters (RAP, AoP, and so forth) were kept within physiologic limits when control was stable, and the cardiac output was automatically increased in response to exercise, not unlike that in the natural heart. There were no abnormal blood chemical or hormone data except at end stage. Based on these results 1/R can be considered a physiologic control method for a TAH.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Advantage of in vivo chemosensitivity assay to detect vincristine-resistance in a human epidermoid carcinoma xenograft.

We examined both in vitro and in vivo chemosensitivity of the human epidermoid carcinoma xenograft xeKB3-1-R which shows overexpression of the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1). XeKB3-1-R was sensitive to vincristine (VCR, 6%) and doxorubicin (DOX, 9%) in the adhesive tumor cell culture system in vitro. However, this xenograft showed decreased sensitivity to VCR (65%) and DOX (42%) in an in vivo chemosensitivity assay. The in vivo resistance of xeKB3-1-R to both VCR and DOX was reversed by coadministration of cyclosporin A (VCR 22%, DOX 11%). The xenograft xeKB3-1-R expressed significantly higher levels of MDR1 than xeKB3-1. The results confirmed that multidrug resistance in xeKB3-1-R was related to enhanced MDR1 expression in vivo. The observed discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo chemosensitivities suggest that the in vivo sensitivity assay more accurately reflects drug resistance as a result of low-level MDR1 overexpression in solid tumors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fat emulsions as an ideal nonprotein energy source under surgical stress for diabetic patients.

We studied the possibility of fat emulsions being a major calorie source, and if possible, a new infusion protocol without glucose for diabetic patients undergoing surgery. High dosages of fat emulsions and amino acids (HFHA infusions) were investigated as a substitute for conventional glucose-based infusions for 7 days after surgery. Without insulin and glucose, blood glucose was kept within the normal range, in spite of the fact that patients were recovering from major surgeries. Blood triglyceride and fatty free acids (FFA) increased after the start of the HFHA infusions but remained within normal range. Liver function tests and nutritional states estimated by nitrogen balance or rapid turnover proteins were no different from those of the conventional glucose-based infusion, but the significance of the HFHA infusion lies in the fact that it was applied to patients in whom it was impossible to administer enough calories by using the conventional glucose-based infusion, even if insulin was used. This HFHA infusion, which enables easy blood glucose control, sufficient calorie supply without complications, and is also nutritionally equivalent to the conventional glucose-based infusion, can be a new nutritional option for postoperative patients with impaired glucose tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of ovariectomy on histological change and protein expression in female mouse reproductive tracts.

Proliferation of the vagina and uterus in rodents is stimulated by ovarian estrogen, and ovariectomy induces regression of these tracts. In mouse, reproductive tracts, organ weights, vaginal epithelial thickness, the number of epithelial cell layers, and uterine epithelial cell height were significantly reduced 1 to 20 days after ovariectomy when compared with those of intact, mice taken at the estrous stage. No significant differences in those parameters were found between ovariectomized mice implanted with estradiol and intact estrous mice. Vaginal epithelium at estrus was composed of 10-15 layers of epithelial cells with superficial keratinized layers, however, the vaginal epithelium began to regress one day after ovariectomy. Infiltration of leukocytes was encountered in the vaginal epithelium 2-3 days after ovariectomy. Protein expression in the regressing vagina and uterus after ovariectomy was examined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After ovariectomy, new proteins appeared in the regressing vagina, but not in the regressing uterus. Expressions of 7 and 6 proteins in the vagina and uterus, respectively, reached peak levels 2-3 days after ovariectomy. The expression of ovariectomy-specific proteins and infiltration of leukocytes in vaginal epithelium was inhibited by the injection of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. These results suggest that some proteins participate in the regression of mouse reproductive tracts after estrogen withdrawal induced by ovariectomy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic hepatic resection: a new and safe procedure by abdominal wall lifting method.

HCC is well known for its high incidence of intrahepatic tumor recurrence and many patients suffering from them, usually undergo further treatments, such as PEI, TAE, MCNT or hepatic resection. However, conventional hepatic resection by large skin incision causes severe intraabdominal adhesions, which disturb US examination and further treatments. The aim of the laparoscopic procedure is to prevent intraabdominal adhesions. This is a study of the feasibility of laparoscopic hepatic resection without CO2 pneumoperitoneum, which is not yet popular, as a safe and effective procedure. The patient in this study had a solitary HCC in the lateral segment. Mobilization of the lateral segment, dissections of the left hepatic artery and portal venous branches, i.e. P2 and P3, were performed under CO2 gas insufflation. However, to avoid CO2 gas embolism, further procedures, including parenchymal compression and hepatic venous dissection, were performed using the abdominal wall lifting method without pneumoperitoneum. The patient could eat on the second postoperative day and had an uneventful postoperative recovery and was discharged from the hospital 13 days after surgery. Hospital stay was shorter than conventional hepatic resections with large skin incisions. The importance of this procedure lies in that it is not only a minimally invasive procedure, but also provides us with the possibilities of further treatments, including PEI and re-hepatic resection.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gene expression of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in non-small cell lung cancer.

Autonomous or continuous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. (G-CSF)-production in malignant neoplasms is considered to induce leukocytosis without apparent infection. We examined G-CSF gene expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discussed its clinicopathological significance. Northern blot analysis revealed G-CSF gene expression in 14 of 84 surgical specimens (16.7%, 10/30 squamous cell carcinoma, 3/50 adenocarcinoma, 1/4 large cell carcinoma). Eight patients (57.1%, 8/14) with NSCLC showing G-CSF gene-expression had peripheral blood leukocytosis (> 8,000/microliter). The prognosis was significantly worse in 10 stage I or II NSCLC showing G-CSF gene expression (p < 0.01, Cox-Mantel test). These findings suggest that G-CSF gene expression is common event in the early stage of primary NSCLC, while it cannot completely explain the leukocytosis induced by lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Localization of aberrant messenger RNA of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in malignant glioma.

Human gliomas occasionally show rearrangements with deletions (exons II to VII) in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, resulting in the expression of aberrant EGFR mRNA. This abnormality of EGFR gene expression is closely related to the malignancy of glioma. However, this EGFR gene abnormality has not been demonstrated directly in the glioma cells themselves, as gliomas consist of heterogeneous tissue components. In this study, we used in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect aberrant EGFR mRNA in the tumor cells in 26 human gliomas and 19 human glioma xenografts. We used digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense oligonucleotide probes for ISH, which demonstrated aberrant EGFR mRNA in 2 of the 26 gliomas and in 3 of the 19 human glioma xenografts. ISH with an aberrant EGFR-specific probe (oligo-PA) revealed that EGFR mRNA was absent from multinucleated giant cells and from proliferating endothelial cells, but this transcript was present in small glioma cells. Identical aberrant EGFR mRNA was confirmed in these glioma and human glioma xenografts by Southern blotting. Northern blotting, and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These findings suggest that small tumor cells specifically express the aberrant EGFR mRNA in certain high grade gliomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of malignant schwannoma with overexpression of multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) after chemotherapy.

A 19-year-old:female patient with malignant schwannoma in the right knee was treated by combination chemotherapy including lipophilic anticancer compounds (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and dacarbazine). The tumor was radically removed after chemotherapy, but metastatic lesions were noted in the right inguinal nodes. The patient died due to the cachexic state six months after surgery. In human neoplasm, P-glycoprotein (P-Gp) encoded by human multidrug resistance gene MDR1 is known to be related with multidrug resistant phenotype. Northern blot analysis revealed apparent MDR1 expression in the metastatic lesion, while the primary lesion showed faint MDR1 expression detected by only reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. P-Gp positive tumor cells were immunohistochemically detected both in the metastatic lesion and the primary lesion. The P-Gp-positive tumor cells in the metastatic lesion showed anaplastic features with highly atypical nuclei. These results suggest that MDR1 overexpression is related to the multidrug resistance phenomenon in the malignant schwannoma with morphological differences.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An in vitro study of high-strength resin posterior denture tooth wear.

This in vitro study evaluated the wear resistance of a high-strength resin posterior denture tooth against eight opposing dental materials. The tooth specimen was cusp shaped and the opposing materials were formed as a 10 x 10 x 5 mm plate. All material combinations were tested using a machine designed to produce sliding contact 20 x 10(4) times at 60 cycles per minute and a 4-mm sliding distance per stroke in the buccolingual direction under a load of 1 kg. Wear analysis was measured as the total height loss of each material combination and the volume loss of each material. Wear against human enamel was evaluated as a control. The least loss was observed opposing a gold-silver-palladium-copper alloy, and the greatest loss was observed opposing porcelain. The volume loss of high-strength resin against gold-silver-palladium-copper alloy was as small as that against human enamel. High-strength resin wear was more significant against castable ceramics and porcelain. The volume losses of high-strength resin against high-strength resin, polycarbonate, or cobalt-chromium alloy were significantly larger than those against polyethersulfone, poly(methyl methacrylate), gold-silver-palladium-copper alloy, or human enamel. These findings suggest that the were resistance of high-strength resin is influenced considerably by opposing dental materials, and that the best combination was high-strength resin-gold-silver-palladium-copper alloy, and the poorest combination was high-strength resin-porcelain.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metallic stents for low invasive recanalization of the portal veins with cancerous invasion--first case report.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Portal venous stenosis caused by cancer invasion has been difficult to treat and patients do not have any treatment options. On the other hand, protal venous stents have been applied to patients with variceal haemorrhaging associated with portal vein thrombosis. However, there have not been any reports concerning portal venous stents for malignant portal stenosis. The aim of this report was to apply metallic stent for malignant portal stenosis to reduce portal hypertension and restore portal venous blood flow, which in turn leads to the recovery of liver function. METHODOLOGY: Two patients with portal hypertension caused by malignant portal stenosis were treated by metallic stent implantation. In one case, the stent was applied intraoperatively via the ileal vein and in the other case, it was applied postoperatively via transhepatic portal cannulation. RESULTS: In the first case, portal pressure monitored before and after placement of the stent was 350 mmH2O and 200 mmH2O, respectively. Liver function tests showed normalization after stent placement. In the second case, over 3000 ml of ascites, which were drained through the drainage catheter every day, could be reduced remarkably, and one week later, the catheter could be withdrawn. Portal pressure before and after embedding the stent was 410 and 275 mmH2O, respectively. Both patients were discharged from the hospital and their recovery was uneventfully. CONCLUSION: Both cases had an uneventful postoperative course, with normalization of liver function and cessation of ascites on the next postoperative day in case 2. Thus, portal venous stent should be considered a viable option for the treatment of malignant portal stenosis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Response of unresectable pancreatic cancer to intraoperative radiotherapy.

Eight patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer were treated by intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with electron beams, and the tumor responses were followed using serial CT scans. In five cases, external beam irradiation with 10 MV X-rays was added. While there was no evident change after 2-3 weeks, 6-8 weeks after IORT partial responses were noted in all five examined cases. Furthermore, 12-16 weeks after IORT, three out of five examined patients showed good tumor response with more than 75% regression. Mean survival time was 8.0 +/- 2.7 months. Two patients who lived longer than 1.5 years had shown excellent tumor responses. Serial CT scans in the early period following IORT allowed accurate estimation of the tumor response, which might predict some long-surviving cases.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhanced regeneration response of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal mucosa with accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy for glottic cancers.

The course and severity of acute mucosal reactions in 22 patients with previously untreated T1-2N0 glottic cancers were compared between two treatment schedules with different dose intensities: accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy (AHF) and standard conventional fractionation radiation therapy (CF). AHF consisted of a twice-daily fractionation of 1.5 Gy 10 times weekly to a total dose of 66 Gy given in 30-40 (median, 33) days. For CF, the fractionation was 2 Gy five times weekly for a total dose of 66 Gy in 45-51 (median, 49) days. Both treatment schedules were well tolerated and no treatment interruptions were necessary. The mucosal reaction reached a peak score clearly earlier with AHF than CF and already demonstrated improvement in the final treatment week. In contrast, the reaction persisted with CF. It is suggested that damaged mucosal tissues with AHF can be effectively compensated by enhanced regeneration response due to an adequately high dose intensity, suggesting a possible tolerability advantage for AHF.

Acute Disease↗