Biomedical subjects

Y Abe

Publications and source records attributed to Y Abe.

At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme and interleukin-1 production by epithelioid cells isolated from induced rabbit lung granuloma.

We attempted in this experiment to culture epithelioid cells isolated from granuloma induced in the lung of female rabbits that had been injected intravenously with Freund's complete adjuvant. The morphologic findings of isolated cells included abundant rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi complexes, electron-dense lysosomes, and numerous cytoplasmic processes on the cell surface. Enzymatically these cells were positive for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate and beta-galactosidase staining. These findings coincided with the expected morphologic and enzymatic characteristics of epithelioid cells examined in vivo. Cells isolated from this granuloma are thought to be more than 86% epithelioid cells. Additionally, 14.4 +/- 4.3% of the epithelioid cells showed phagocytosis of latex beads, low when compared with the 83.9 +/- 5.2% value of alveolar macrophages obtained from rabbits injected with adjuvant 4 weeks before sacrifice. The isolated epithelioid cells were incubated for 24 h without decrease in cell population. Their culture supernatants showed 1.86 +/- 0.38 units/ml of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, which was inhibited by cycloheximide. The culture supernatants also showed interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity levels of 6411 +/- 914 cpm without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. This increased to 21,766 +/- 3026 cpm with LPS stimulation. In view of these results, we believe it is possible to incubate epithelioid cells for up to 24 h during which time they will produce ACE and IL-1 in the culture supernatants.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase-1 (ANAE-1) secreted by epithelioid cells from induced rabbit lung granuloma showed MIF activity.

The function of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase-1, whose isoelectric point values range from 5.15 to 5.45, was examined. A higher value of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase-1 was detected in the extracts of epithelioid cells isolated from rabbit lung granuloma at 4 weeks after injection of Freund's complete adjuvant, compared to those values of alveolar macrophages isolated from the same lungs described above and of the normal lungs. Additionally, this enzyme activity was observed to be prominent in the culture supernatants of epithelioid cells. alpha-Naphthyl acetate esterase-1 was purified from lung granuloma as a single 62-kDa band by SDS-PAGE analysis. The purified enzyme showed a macrophage migration inhibition activity at concentrations over 20 nM, and its activity was dose-dependent. Moreover, when various amounts of the purified enzyme were added to lymphocyte-derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor, macrophage migration inhibition was significantly enhanced with a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase-1 secreted by granuloma macrophages, particularly by epithelioid cells, contributes to granuloma formation.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of IL-1 inhibitory activity as IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in vitro and kinetics of IL-1ra and IL-1 beta in experimental rabbit lung granuloma.

This study investigated whether interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitory activity in LPS-stimulated culture supernatants of alveolar macrophages and epithelioid cells obtained from rabbit lung granulomas induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was identical to IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and examined the changes of IL-1ra and IL-1 beta levels in lung tissue during the natural course of granulomatous inflammation. In the thymocyte proliferation assay, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-free culture supernatants from each cell population revealed a bell-shaped IL-1 titration curve with IL-1 activity suppressed at dilutions of 1:1 to 1:2, and gel chromatography of serum-free culture supernatants showed an IL-1 inhibitory peak at 21-25 kD. Suppression of IL-1 activity in the supernatants at lower dilutions and the gel-purified IL-1 inhibitory activity both almost disappeared after IL-1ra depletion with an anti-rabbit IL-1ra immunoaffinity column, indicating that IL-1ra was responsible for this in vitro IL-1 inhibitory activity. Pulmonary tissue levels of IL-1 beta pecked at 24 h (52.0 +/- 9.5 pg/mg) after CFA injection, whereas IL-1ra levels peaked at 4 weeks (23.1 +/- 4.0 ng/mg) when granuloma development was maximal, and the molar excess of IL-1ra to IL-1 beta peaked from 4 weeks onward at over 800-fold. These observations suggest that IL-1ra may be effective for IL-1 regulation, especially in the later stage of granulomatous responses. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that the cellular source of IL-1ra within the pulmonary granulomas was mainly epithelioid cells.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A human lung cancer xenograft producing granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and parathyroid hormone-related protein.

A human lung cancer xenograft, LC-GP, producing granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and parathyroid hormone-related protein was established by transplantation into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. The lung cancer patient and SCID mice bearing LC-GP showed leukocytosis and hypercalcemia. G-CSF and PTHrP gene expression were demonstrated in the primary lung cancer, metastatic lesions and LC-GP xenograft. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of G-CSF protein in LC-GP xenograft cells. LC-GP possessed activated c-Ki-ras oncogene (point mutation at codon 12). This LC-GP lacked apparent G-CSF receptor expression. The expression of G-CSF and PTHrP may be coregulated by the activated c-Ki-ras oncogene, and autocrine stimulation of G-CSF is unlikely.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Aberrant isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor 189 expression is correlated with xenotransplantability of human esophageal cancer.

Xenografted neoplastic tissues are often utilized to study biology of human cancer. We studied isoform pattern (VEGF206, VEGF189, VEGF165, VEGF121) of an angiogenic factor VEGF in both esophageal primary cancers and cancer xenografts by RT-PCR analysis. Eighteen of 19 (95%) xenografts showed the cell associated aberrant isoform of VEGF189 at a significantly higher incidence than 19 of 31 (61%) primary cancers (P=0.009, Fisher's exact test). These observations suggested that the aberrant isoform of VEGF189 mRNA affects the xenotransplantability of human esophageal cancer.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Heterozygous ras mutations are preserved in serially passaged human tumor xenografts and established cell lines.

We examined c-K-ras gene point mutations in human tumor xenografts and established cell lines as markers of genetic stability. Our previous study demonstrated the stability of c-K-ras gene mutations in human primary neoplasms and their tumor xenografts through serial passages in mice. In this study, we established 27 human cell lines derived from various human tumor xenografts in nude mice. Point mutation of the c-K-ras gene at codon 12 was found in 29.6% (8/27) of the cell lines, as well as in 29.6% (8/27) of the xenografts. The eight ras-mutated cell lines were derived from corresponding tumor xenografts carrying the ras mutation. Heterozygous ras gene mutation was confirmed in seven of the eight ras-mutated cell lines, as well as their corresponding xenografts. The incidence, type and heterozygosity of the c-K-ras gene mutation showed no discrepancies between the original xenografts and the established cell lines. From these findings, we concluded that point mutation of the c-K-ras gene was very stable in human tumor xenografts and established cell lines derived from the xenografts.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo chemosensitivity of human malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes xenografts.

Malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes (MCSP) is a rare breast tumor. Chemotherapeutic regimens for treatment of MCSP have not been established. We previously established an MCSP xenograft line MC-3-JCK. In this study, we established a new MCSP xenograft line, MC-10-JCK, by serial transplantation in nude mice. We studied the chemosensitivity of these two MCSP tumor xenografts to anticancer drugs in vivo. We also examined the expression of multidrug resistance-related proteins such as p-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) by immunohistochemical analysis. These two xenografts were sensitive to doxorubicin, vincristine and cyclophosphamide in vivo. Immunohistochemically, clinical specimens and xenografts were negative for Pgp and MRP expression. These results are consistent with the chemosensitivity of human MCSP to lipophilic anticancer compounds.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Microsatellite instability of each tumor in sporadic synchronous multiple colorectal cancers.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate microsatellite instability (MSI) and p53 expression for each tumor in cases with sporadic synchronous multiple colorectal cancers. Twenty-nine patients with sporadic synchronous multiple colorectal cancer were examined. There were sixty-five tumors, all of which indicated adenocarcinoma histopathologically. The MSI was assessed using six microsatellite markers (BAT26, BAT40, D2S136, D5S346, D11S922, D17S250). Tumors with two or more positive loci were determined to be MSI-H (high-frequency MSI), tumors with one positive locus were designated as MSI-L (low-frequency MSI) and tumors lacking apparent instability were designated as MSS (microsatellite stable). In addition, overexpression of p53 protein was examined using immunohistochemical (IHC) methods for each tumor. The DO-7 monoclonal antibody was used in the IHC assessments. The following results were obtained: i) there were nine patients who indicated MSI-H at the first tumor (1-H group) and 20 patients who had MSI-L or MSS at the first tumor (1-LS group). ii) The ratio of cases that indicated MSI-H at the second tumor and beyond in the 1-H group was 88.9% (8/9), which was significantly higher than that of the 1-LS group (30.0%, 6/20) (p=0.0021). iii) The frequency of cases with the right-sided colon in the 1-H group (61.9%) was significantly higher than that of the 1-LS group (27.3%) (p=0.0073). In addition, a significant difference was noted in terms of the ratio of cases with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or mucinous carcinoma between the two groups [1-H group (19.0%) vs 1-LS group (0%), p=0.0028]. Furthermore, no distinct relationship between MSI status and p53 overexpression was obtained. In conclusion, we think that sporadic synchronous multiple colorectal cancers should be divided into two types; one type that indicates multiple occurrence of MSI-H consecutive tumors and another type that shows multiple occurrence irrespective of MSI.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Oxygenation status and tumor response during fractionated irradiation in two murine tumor cell lines of same origin but different intrinsic radiosensitivities.

Two murine tumor cell lines derived from the same origin and having different intrinsic radiosensitivities, one radiosensitive, SHA3K4-Ic (Ic), and the other relatively radioresistant, SHA3K4-III19 (III19), were compared in vivo regarding oxygenation, proliferation, and tumor response during fractionated irradiation. Tumors transplanted into nude mice were irradiated five times a week with a fraction size of 3 Gy up to a total dose of 30 Gy. Oxygenation status was analyzed using a non-invasive system with near infrared reflection spectroscopy. Proliferation status was quantified as the percentage of bromodeoxyuridine-labelled tumor cells and the percentage of necrotic area. All parameters were compared between untreated and irradiated tumors of the two lines. The oxygenation status in the untreated tumors did not correlate with tumor response. However, for the radioresponsive line, Ic, O2 saturation was significantly higher in irradiated than in untreated tumors, suggesting the existence of reoxygenation following fractionated irradiation. On the other hand, oxygenation status remained almost unchanged for the non-radioresponsive line, III19. Proliferation status did not correlate with tumor response. The results indicate that comprehensive investigations, including oxygen measurements, are necessary to understand the various intrinsic and extrinsic factors determining in vivo tumor radioresponse.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Metastatic liver tumor from cystic ovarian carcinomas: CT and MRI appearance.

OBJECTIVE: The initial and follow-up CT and MRI images of ten patients with hepatic metastases from ovarian tumors were retrospectively analyzed to establish their features and sequential changes in appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients with hepatic metastasis from ovarian tumors received initial and follow-up CT and MRI examinations. Six patients were followed up every two to three weeks before surgical tumor resection. Both CT and MR images were analyzed by two radiologists. RESULTS: A total of fourteen lesions were detected by CT and MRI in 10 patients. All 14 lesions were demonstrated as areas of marked hyperintensity on T2-weighted MRI. Eleven cyst-like tumors were demonstrated as round or oval low density lesions on CT and as areas of hypointensity on T1-weighted imaging. Three lesions were shown as solid masses with slightly low attenuation at the initial CT examination and slightly low or iso-intensity areas on T1-weighted imaging, and these lesions showed early peripheral globular enhancement and delayed enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging. Cystic formation was observed two to three weeks later after initial study in all the 3 solid lesions. Rapid subcapsular effusion, which showed obvious enhancement on delayed Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging, was observed in two patients. CONCLUSION: The hepatic metastatic tumor from cystic ovarian carcinoma may manifest as a well-defined cystic lesion or as a solid mass, and the solid mass shows delayed enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging. Furthermore, rapid cystic formation and rapid subcapsular extension is frequently seen.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the scapula associated with aneurysmal bone cyst.

A rare case of chondromyxoid fibroma of the scapula in a 21-year-old man is presented. This case is of interest because of its unusual site and association of aneurysmal bone cyst. Although chondromyxoid fibroma is uncommon bone tumor of the scapula, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of expansile osteolytic lesion of the scapula.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Calculation of T2 relaxation time from ultrafast single shot sequences for differentiation of liver tumors: comparison of echo-planar, HASTE, and spin-echo sequences.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of T2 calculation from single shot imaging sequences such as echo-planar imaging (EPI) and half-Fourier single shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the phantom study, we prepared vials containing different concentrations of agarose, copper sulfate, and nickel chloride. The temperature of the phantom was kept at 22 degrees C. MR images were obtained with a 1.5-Tesla superconductive magnet. Spin-echo (SE) -type EPI and HASTE sequences with different TEs were obtained for T2 calculation, and the T2 values were compared with those obtained from the Carr-Purcell-Meiborm-Gill (CPMG) sequence. The clinical study group consisted of 30 consecutive patients referred for MR imaging to characterize focal liver lesions. A total of 40 focal liver lesions were evaluated, including 25 primary or metastatic solid masses and 15 non-solid lesions. Single shot SE-type EPI and HASTE were both performed with TEs of 64 and 90 msec. RESULTS: In the phantom study, the T2 values obtained from both single shot sequences showed significant correlations with those from the CPMG sequence (T2 on EPI vs. T2 on CPMG: r=0.98, p<0.01; T2 on HASTE vs. T2 on CPMG: r=0.99, p<0.01). In the clinical study, mean T2 values for liver calculated from EPI (42 msec) were significantly shorter than those calculated from the HASTE sequence (58 msec) (p<0.001). Mean T2 values for solid tumors were 95 msec with HASTE and 72 msec with EPI, and mean T2 values for non-solid lesions were 128 msec with HASTE and 159 msec with EPI. Although mean T2 values between solid and non-solid lesions were significantly different for both EPI and HASTE sequences (p=0.01 for HASTE, p<0.001 for EPI), the overlap of solid and non-solid lesions was less frequent in EPI than in HASTE. CONCLUSION: With single shot sequences, it is possible to obtain the T2 values that show excellent correlation with the CPMG sequence. Although both HASTE and EPI are useful to calculate T2 values, EPI appears to be more accurate in characterizing focal liver lesions.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dual effects of fluoride on the action potential, contraction, and membrane currents in frog atrial muscle.

The effects of NaF (10(-7) - 10(-2) M) on the membrane potential, current, and contractile tension in bullfrog atrial muscle were investigated under voltage-clamped or unclamped conditions. NaF showed two opposite actions, positive and negative inotropic effects, depending on the concentration of the drug. NaF in lower concentrations produced a marked increase in contractility, a moderate prolongation of action potential, an augmentation of calcium response, and an increase of ICa-dependent tension. Contrarily, NaF in higher concentrations produced an inhibition of contractile tension associated with a shortening of action potential, an increase in potassium conductance, and an inhibition of calcium response. These results indicate that NaF affects the contractile response by dual mechanisms.

Action Potentials↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The value of fast and ultrafast T2-weighted MR imaging sequences in hepatic enhancement with ferumoxides: comparison with conventional spin-echo sequence.

PURPOSE: The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) was evaluated with fast T2-weighted imaging sequences such as turbo spin-echo (TSE), half-Fourier single shot turbo spin echo (HASTE), and echo-planar imaging (EPI) in comparison with the conventional spin-echo (SE) sequence on a 1.5 Tesla MR unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a phantom study, we prepared vials containing different concentrations of ferumoxides (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 micromol Fe) in 2% agarose simulating the liver. In an animal study, contrast medium in doses of 10, 20, and 30 micromol/kg of ferumoxides was injected into the ear vein of rabbits weighing 3.0-4.0 kg under general anesthesia. MR imaging of the phantom and liver of the rabbits was obtained with the T2-weighted SE sequence (TR/TE=2000/20, 80), TSE sequences (TR/effective TE=2000/90, echo train length=7), HASTE (effective TE=64, 90 msec), and EPI (effective TE=64, 90 msec). Three rabbits in each group were imaged before and 1 hour after ferumoxides administration for in-vivo study. The Signal intensity of pre- and postcontrast imaging of the phantom or rabbits' livers was measured with operator-defined regions of interest, and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) were obtained. Immediately after imaging, the rabbits were sacrificed and the livers were removed at autopsy, followed by ex-vivo study. In a clinical study, 10 micromol/kg of ferumoxides was given in 34 consecutive patients with 31 solid tumors. The liver SNR were evaluated for all 34 patients, and tumor to-liver contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were evaluated for all 31 solid lesions. The same series of imaging techniques as in the experimental studies was performed for quantitative and qualitative analyses. RESULTS: In both in-vitro and in-vivo studies, SNR of the phantom or rabbits' livers significantly decreased after ferumoxides administration. The decrease in SNR on excised rabbits' livers was 72% for EPI, 36% for HASTE, 61% for SE, and 51% for TSE at a dose of 10 micromol/kg of ferumoxides. In the clinical study, HASTE and TSE showed significant improvement in CNRs after ferumoxides administration (p<0.05). Visual analysis revealed improvement in tumor detection for all sequences. On EPI, although contrast was excellent, severe image distortion was seen. Although the signal decrease with HASTE and TSE was somewhat inferior to those with EPI and SE, respectively, the effect of contrast enhancement on HASTE and TSE was marked on visual analysis. CONCLUSION: Although TSE sequences and HASTE sequences are less susceptible to magnetic field inhomogeneities than SE and EPI sequences, the decrease in liver signal on HASTE and TSE sequences was comparable to that on EPI and SE sequences, respectively. These sequences are useful clinically for ferumoxides imaging, because they are less sensitive to motion artifacts.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with overexpression of multidrug resistance-associated protein and p53 aberration.

A 66-year-old female patient underwent left upper lobectomy and dissection of the mediastinal lymph nodes. The pathological diagnosis was well-differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung with metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes, p-T2N2MO, stage IIIA. After the operation, she was treated by chemotherapy including lipophilic anticancer compounds (carboplatin and VP-16). The patient unexpectedly showed long survival for 6 years and 2 months without obvious recurrence or metastasis of the cancer. The anticancer compounds were not effective on the recurrent lesions and then she died due to respiratory failure 8 months after recurrence. The autopsy revealed pleural dissemination and intrapulmonary metastasis. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP)-positive tumor cells in the recurrent and metastatic lesions, while few MRP-positive cells were apparent in the primary lesion. The MRP-positive cells were accompanied by p53 nuclear accumulation in the carcinoma. This was a case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with acquired multidrug resistance caused by MRP overexpression and aberrant p53 after chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Interaction between non-ionic contrast medium and prostaglandin E1 incorporated in lipid microspheres: in-vitro comparative study of direct and non-direct mixing.

PURPOSE: To examine whether there is any interaction between non-ionic contrast medium and prostaglandin E1 incorporated in lipid microspheres (Lipo-PGE1) in direct and non-direct mixing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Iopamidol 300 and 370 mgI/ml, iohexol 300 and 350 mgI/ml, and iopromide 300 and 370 mgI/ml were mixed with Lipo-PGE1. In the direct mixing test, both agents were mixed directly in a tube. The appearance of the mixture, average size of the Lipo-PGE1 particles, and changes in pH were observed. In the non-direct mixing test, both agents were poured one after the other into a narrow luminal glass tube. The appearance of the mixture was observed. Lipo-PGE1 and the contrast agent were discharged sequentially via a catheter placed in 5 L of physiological saline. The appearance of the physiological saline was observed. RESULTS: In the direct mixing test, no interaction was observed between iopamidol, iohexol, or iopromide 300 mgI/ml and Lipo-PGE1. Aggregation and creaming were observed in the mixture of iopromide 370 mgI/ml and Lipo-PGE1, and average particle size increased over time. However, there was no apparent change in pH. In the non-direct mixing test, none of the test contrast agents interacted with Lipo-PGE1. CONCLUSION: The test non-ionic contrast media, even if they interacted with Lipo-PGE1 when mixed directly, did not appear to interact with Lipo-PGE1 when mixed in a non-direct manner, which represents the clinically used prescription in pharmacoangiography.

Alprostadil↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Modulation of multidrug resistance in a cancer cell line by anti-multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) ribozyme.

Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) is the major candidate molecule responsible for non-P-glycoprotein (PGp)-mediated multidrug resistance. We used a hammerhead anti-MRP ribozyme (alpha MRP-Rz) to inactivate MRP function in a multidrug resistant cancer cell line, KB8-5. The beta-actin promoter-driven alpha MRP-Rz sequence (pH beta/alpha MRP-Rz) was introduced into KB8-5 cells (KB8-5/alpha MRP-Rz) and we evaluated growth of the cell line. The gene expression of multidrug resistance-related molecules was estimated. Drug sensitivity was estimated by MTT assay in vitro. MRP mRNA expression was decreased in KB8-5/alpha MRP-Rz cells. The MTT assay showed increased IC50 values or resistance to doxorubicin (DOX), etoposide (VP-16) and cisplatin (CDDP) in KB8-5/alpha MRP-Rz cells. No significant differences were observed in expression of multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), thymidylate synthase, glutathione S-transferase pi or topoisomerase II alpha. The hammerhead ribozyme-mediated simple suppression of MRP mRNA expression was not sufficient to reverse multidrug resistance in the cancer cell line KB8-5.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistochemical MUC1 (DF3 antigen) expression of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

MUC1 (DF3 antigen) is a member of a family of high molecular weight glycoproteins. Recent studies have demonstrated that MUC1 is expressed in tumors of various human organs and may function as an anti-adhesion molecule that inhibits cell-to-cell adhesion, inducing tumor metastasis. However, expression patterns of MUC1 have not yet been established in human esophageal carcinomas. In this study, we examined MUC1 expression and its histopathological localization in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. MUC1 immunoreactivity was found in 17 (32.1%) out of 53 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, regardless of the depth of tumor invasion, vascular invasion or lymph node status. MUC1 expression was detected in the intramucosal part in 28.3% (15 out of 53) and in the invasive part in 32.6% (14 out of 43) of the esophageal carcinomas (no significant difference). These observations suggested that expression of MUC1 is an early event in cancer progression, but that it is not significantly associated with metastasis of human esophageal carcinomas.

Aged↗